Manganese
SmallMolecule
T3DB_ID
T3D0117
描述
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver.
类别
"Household Toxin", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Food Toxin", "Natural Toxin"
同义词
"Magnanese(2+)", "Manganese ion", "Manganese(2+) ion", "Manganese(II)", "Manganese(II) cation", "Manganese(II) ion", "Metallic manganese", "Mn(2+)", "Mn2+"
CAS登记号
7439-96-5
化学式
Mn
平均分子量
54.9369
单同位素质量
54.936952476
IUPAC 名称
manganese(2+) ion
传统名称
manganese(2+) ion
简化分子线性输入规范
[Mn++]
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/Mn/q+2
InChIKey=WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
化合物类型
Inorganic compounds
大分类
Homogeneous metal compounds
类型
Homogeneous transition metal compounds
子类
直接大类
Homogeneous transition metal compounds
另外分类
""
取代基
"Homogeneous transition metal"
分子框架
外部描述符
"a cation", "divalent metal cation", "manganese cation", "monoatomic dication"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
起源
Exogenous
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
生物流体位置
组织位置
"Basal Ganglia", "Brain", "Central Nervous System", "Hair", "Liver"
途径
状态
Solid
外貌
White powder.
熔点/沸点/溶解度
1244°C/2095°C (3803°F)/
日志P
暴露途径
Oral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)
毒性机制
Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to interact with other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. Manganese overwhelms the manganese superoxide dismutase and produce oxidative damage. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)
代谢
Manganese is mainly absorbed via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese exists in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. (L228)
毒性值
LD50: 9 g/kg (Oral, Rat) (T26)
致死剂量
致癌性
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
用途/来源
Manganese is used principally in steel production to improve hardness, stiffness, and strength. It may also be used as an additive in gasoline to improve the octane rating of the gas. Manganese ions have various colors and are used industrially as pigments. (L228, L229)
最低风险等级
Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134)
健康影响
Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. High levels of manganese may also cause damage to the reproductive system. (L228)
症状
Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)
治疗
药库 ID
HMDB_ID
HMDB01333
PubChem 化合物 ID
27854
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:08 UTC
免责声明:以上所展示的信息由企业自行提供,内容的真实性、准确性和合法性由发布企业负责,医药网对此不承担任何责任。
相关链接:医药研究数据| 医药资料| SDA药品评审中心| 中医网| 中药处方系统| 爱视立眼贴
专业提供药品信息、药品招商、药品代理、保健品招商、医药原料采购供应的中国药品信息网站平台
版权所有 © 2003-2028 盗冒必究  客服热线:0575-83552251 / 13754370441  QQ客服:药品信息客服
浙ICP备16010490号-2 增值电信业务经营许可证:浙B2-20220931 互联网药品信息服务资格证书编号:(浙)-经营性2023-0215 浙公网安备:330683240604819103159
 医药代理商群1:药药网药品采购交流医药代理商群2:药药网药品采购交流2医药代理商群3:药药网药品采购交流3