描述
Nicotine, also known as (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine or (-)-nicotine, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring. Nicotine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Nicotine is a bitter tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as mexican oregano, shea tree, pepper (capsicum), and black salsify, which makes nicotine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nicotine can be found primarily in blood, saliva, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, nicotine is involved in the nicotine action pathway. Moreover, nicotine is found to be associated with smoking. Nicotine is a drug which is used for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and as an aid to smoking cessation. Beyond addiction, both short and long-term nicotine exposure have not been established as dangerous to adults, except among certain vulnerable groups. At high-enough doses, nicotine is associated with poisonings and is potentially lethal. Nicotine as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. There is inadequate research to show that nicotine itself is associated with cancer in humans. Nicotine in the form of nicotine replacement products is less of a cancer risk than smoking. Nicotine is linked to possible birth defects. During pregnancy, there are risks to the child later in life for type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, neurobehavioral defects, respiratory dysfunction, and infertility. The use of electronic cigarettes, which are designed to be refilled with nicotine-containing e-liquid, has raised concerns over nicotine overdoses, especially with regard to the possibility of young children ingesting the liquids . Symptoms of overdose include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, flushing, dizziness, disturbed hearing and vision, confusion, weakness, palpitations, altered respiration and hypotension. LD50= 24 mg/kg (orally in mice) (DrugBank).
InChI标识符
InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1