Hexachlorobenzene
描述
Hexachlorobenzene is an agricultural fungicide, belonging to the family of Chlorobenzenes. These are compounds containing a chlorine atom attached to a benzene moiety.
类别
"Pesticide", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Food Toxin", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachloro-Benzene", "1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorobenzene", "Amatin", "Ceku c.b.", "Co-op hexa", "Esaclorobenzene", "Granox", "Granox NM", "HCB", "Hexa c.b", "Hexa c.b.", "Hexa CB", "Hexachlorbenzol", "Hexachloro-Benzene", "Julen's carbon chloride", "Pentachlorophenyl chloride", "Perchlorobenzene", "Phenyl perchloryl", "S Anocide", "Sanocid", "Sanocide", "Smut-go", "Snieciotox", "Voronit c"
IUPAC 名称
hexachlorobenzene
简化分子线性输入规范
ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9
键
InChIKey=CKAPSXZOOQJIBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
类型
Benzene and substituted derivatives
另外分类
"Aryl chlorides", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organochlorides"
取代基
"Aromatic homomonocyclic compound", "Aryl chloride", "Aryl halide", "Chlorobenzene", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organochloride", "Organohalogen compound"
分子框架
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
外部描述符
"Organochlorine fungicides", "aromatic fungicide", "chlorobenzenes"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
熔点/沸点/溶解度
226°C/323-326°C/6.2e-06 mg/mL at 25°C
暴露途径
Oral (L225); inhalation (L225) ; dermal (L225)
毒性机制
Hexachlorobenzene causes porphyria by modifying sulfhydryl groups in the catalytic or substrate-binding sites of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. This inhibits uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, resulting in a deficiency of the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III and accumulation of uroporphyrins in the liver. In addition, metabolism of hexachlorobenzene by the cytochrome P-450 enzymes is believed to produce reactive electrophilic metabolites that covalently bind to cellular proteins and DNA, causing irreversible damage. Exposure to hexochlorobenzene also causes macrophages to be attracted to organs such as the spleen, lungs, and skin, where they become activated by the hexochlorobenzene. This leads to a cascade of reactions involving innate immune cells. The gene expression profiles provide evidence for the importance of macrophages and granulocytes and mediators released by these cells in the adverse inflammatory response against hexochlorobenzene. In this way, co-stimulatory or danger signals are generated that could polyclonally activate T cells. Hexachlorobenzene is a weak agonist for aryl hydrocarbon receptor and may exhibit some of its toxic effects by activating the gene-regulatory properties of this protein, possibly inducing cytochome P-450 enzymes. It may also act at certain endocrine receptors. (A14, L225, A156, A157, A60)
代谢
Hexachlorobenzene is mainly absorbed via ingestion, but also through inhalation and oral routes. It preferentially distributes to adipose tissue and other organs with high fat content. In animals, hexachlorobenzene is slowly metabolized to pentachlorophenol by the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system, conjugated with glutathione to yield pentachlorothiophenol, or reductively dechlorinated to form pentachlorobenzene. Other metabolites include less chlorinated benzenes, chlorophenols, S-conjugated phenols, and benzenes. Hexachlorobenzene is slowly metabolized in mammals, and the majority of hexachlorobenzene is excreted unchanged in the feces, while metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L225)
毒性值
LD50: 3500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T10)
致癌性
2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Hexachlorobenzene was previously used as a pesticide to protect the seeds of onions and sorghum, wheat, and other grains against fungus. It was also used to make fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubber. As it can persist in the environment for long periods of time, today exposure occurs mainly from contact with contaminated water, food, soil, or air. (L225)
最低风险等级
Acute Oral: 0.008 mg/kg/day (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.00005 mg/kg/day (L134)
健康影响
Chronic exposure to hexachlorobenzene can damage the liver, thyroid, nervous system, bones, kidneys, blood, and immune and endocrine systems. It also causes a syndrome, called black sore, that is characterized by dermal blistering and epidermolysis, pigmentation and scarring, alopecia, photosensitivity, hepatomegaly, porphyria, suppurative arthritis, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis of the bones of the hands. It may also cause a liver disease called porphyria cutanea tarda. This disease can cause red-colored urine, skin sores, change in skin color, arthritis, and problems of the liver, nervous system, and stomach. Hexachlorobenzene also affects development and results in lower survival rates of children of exposed mothers. It is also believed to be a human carcinogen. (T10, L225)
症状
Hexachlorobenzene causes a syndrome, called black sore, that is characterized by dermal blistering and epidermolysis, pigmentation and scarring, alopecia, photosensitivity, hepatomegaly, porphyria, suppurative arthritis, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis of the bones of the hands. It may also cause a liver disease called porphyria cutanea tarda. This disease can cause red-colored urine, skin sores, change in skin color, arthritis, and problems of the liver, nervous system, and stomach. (L225)
治疗
Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage, administering activated charcoal, and controlling convulsions. (L226)
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:05 UTC