Vinyl chloride
描述
Vinyl chloride is a man-made organic compound, formed when other substances such as trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are broken down. In its monomer form it is acutely hazardous, thus it is primarily used for the production of polymers. At room temperature it is a flammable, colorless gas with a sweet odor, but it is easily condensed and usually stored as a liquid. It is one ingredient of cigarette.(L3)
类别
"Cigarette Toxin", "Household Toxin", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"Chloroethene", "Chloroethylene", "Monochloroethene", "Monochloroethylene", "Monovinyl chloride", "Refrigerant-1140", "VC", "VCM", "Vinyl chloride monomer"
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
键
InChIKey=BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
大分类
Organohalogen compounds
另外分类
"Chloroalkenes", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organochlorides"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Chloroalkene", "Haloalkene", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organochloride", "Vinyl chloride"
分子框架
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
外部描述符
"a small molecule", "chloroethenes", "monohaloethene"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
外貌
Colorless gas, usually stored as a liquid.
熔点/沸点/溶解度
-153.7°C/-13.37 °C/8.8 mg/mL at 25 °C [DELASSUS,PT & SCHMIDT,DD (1981)]
暴露途径
Oral (L3) ; inhalation (L3) ; dermal (L3)
毒性机制
Vinyl chloride poisoning exhibits many of the characteristics of autoimmune diseases. This is believed to be the result of a reactive vinyl chloride intermediate metabolite binding to an immunoglobulin, altering the protein and initiating an immune response. The metabolites of vinyl chloride, especially choloroethylene oxide, are mutagenic and act by covalently binding to DNA. This produces cyclic etheno-adducts, which cause base-pair transitions during transcription and DNA crosslinks. Metabolites also may cause oxidative stress and affecting tumor supressor genes, as vinyl chloride has been known to produce specific mutations in the p53 and Ki-ras genes. Vinyl chloride metabolites are also believed to exert toxic effects in the liver by covalently binding to liver proteins, resulting in cellular toxicity. (L3, A65)
代谢
Vinyl chloride absorbed primarily via inhalation or ingestion is rapidly distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized mainly in the liver by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, first into chloroethylene oxide, then into chloroacetaldehyde, which are the main toxic metabolites. Chloroacetaldehyde is further converted into chloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid. Detoxification occurs in conjunction with glutathione, producing mainly thiodiglycolic acid, which is excreted in the urine. At high doses vinyl chloride may also be excreted by exhalation. (L3, T5)
毒性值
LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T15)
致死剂量
120 000 ppm for an adult human. (T16)
致癌性
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is used in a variety of plastic products, such as pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Small amounts of vinyl chloride is sometimes used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automotive parts. (L3)
最低风险等级
Acute Inhalation: 0.5 ppm (L134)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (L134)
健康影响
Exposure to vinyl chloride results in liver damage, nerve damage, and immune reactions, as well as depression of the central nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias. Long term exposure may result in damage to the sperm and testes of males. Vinyl chloride is also a known carcinogen. (L3)
症状
Symptoms of acute vinyl chloride exposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness, possibly resulting in loss of conciousness, coma or cardiac arrhythmias at higher levels. Chronic exposure can lead to lung and kidney irritation, inhibition of bloodclotting, numbness and pain in the fingers, memory loss, and sleep disurbances. (L3)
治疗
Vinyl chloride has no tested antidote. Poisoning is usually handled by preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms. (L3)
创建于
2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:20:50 UTC