2,4-Dichlorophenol
描述
2,4-Dichlorophenol is a chlorinated organic chemical due to environmental exposure, that can be detected in breast milk. The free species of phenols and chlorinated organic appear to be most prevalent in milk (A11269).
类别
"Pesticide", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Food Toxin", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"1,3-Dichloro-4-hydroxybenzene", "2,4-Dichloro-Phenol", "2,4-Dichlorophenate", "2,4-Dichlorophenic acid", "4,6-Dichlorophenol"
IUPAC 名称
2,4-dichlorophenol
简化分子线性输入规范
OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C6H4Cl2O/c7-4-1-2-6(9)5(8)3-4/h1-3,9H
键
InChIKey=HFZWRUODUSTPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
类型
Benzene and substituted derivatives
另外分类
"1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids", "Aryl chlorides", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "O-chlorophenols", "Organochlorides", "Organooxygen compounds", "P-chlorophenols"
取代基
"1,3-dichlorobenzene", "1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid", "2-chlorophenol", "2-halophenol", "4-chlorophenol", "4-halophenol", "Aromatic homomonocyclic compound", "Aryl chloride", "Aryl halide", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organochloride", "Organohalogen compound", "Organooxygen compound", "Phenol"
分子框架
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
外部描述符
"a chloroaromatic compound", "dichlorophenol"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
熔点/沸点/溶解度
45°C/210 °C/4.5 mg/mL at 20°C
暴露途径
Oral (L159) ; dermal (L159)
毒性机制
Chlorophenols have moderately high lipophilicity. Absorption through the gastrointestinal tract is by simple diffusion and is expected to be both rapid and virtually complete. The chlorophenols are also readily absorbed after dermal exposure. Chlorophenols uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and produce convulsions. At low concentrations, uncoupling produces stimulation of state 4 (resting state) respiration as a result of increased adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the absence of a phosphate acceptor. Inhibition of state 3 (active) respiration is also observed. At moderate concentrations, resting respiration is neither stimulated nor inhibited. Significant inhibition of respiration, associated with a breakdown of the electron transport process and decreased ATPase activity, occurs at very high concentrations. (L159)
代谢
After inhalation and dermal routes, 2,4-DCP is rapidly absorbed and excreted. Data on absorption following oral route are limited to animal studies. When administered intravenously to rats, 2,4-DCP rapidly distributes to the kidney, liver, fat, and brain, with the highest concentrations in the kidney and liver. 2,4-DCP strongly bind to serum proteins, including albumin and globulin. Both human and animal studies indicate that sulfation and glucuronidation are the main metabolic pathways of chlorophenols. 2,4-DCP has been shown to be metabolized into two major metabolites identified as 2-chloro-1,4-hydroxyquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone by microsomal fractions and whole cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human cytochrome P-450 3A4. Another metabolite, 1,2,4-hydroxybenzene, was also detected during biotransformation by whole cells but was not observed in microsomal fractions. (L159)
致癌性
2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Chlorophenols are used as intermediates in the production of dyes and chlorinated pesticides. Exposed pesticide production workers may be at increased risk for soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Most people are exposed to very low levels of chlorophenols from chlorinated drinking water. (L159)
健康影响
Dermally absorbed doses of chlorophenols are potentially more toxic than orally absorbed doses. Within 20 minutes of being accidentally splashed with 2,4-DCP on his right arm and leg, a worker experienced seizures, collapsed, and died shortly thereafter. Lethargy, tremors, convulsions, and/or central nervous system depression have been reported in chlorophenol-exposed animals. (L159)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dichlorophenol
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:17 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:19 UTC