Tributyltin
描述
Tributyltin is an organotin compound. Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents). They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems. The main toxic component of tributyltins is tin. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide. (L307, L309, L308)
类别
"Pesticide", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"TBT", "Tin tributyl hydride", "Tri-n-butyl tin maleate", "Tri-n-butylstannane hydride", "Tri-n-butyltin", "Tributyl tin", "Tributylstannane", "Tributylstannic hydride", "Tributyltin hydride", "Tributyltin ion", "Tributyltin ion (1+)"
简化分子线性输入规范
CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/3C4H9.Sn.H/c3*1-3-4-2;;/h3*1,3-4H2,2H3;;
键
InChIKey=DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
大分类
Organometallic compounds
类型
Organo-post-transition metal compounds
另外分类
"Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organic salts"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organic salt", "Trialkyltin"
分子框架
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
外部描述符
"organotin compound"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Actin Cytoskeleton", "Actin Filament", "Cell junction", "Cell surface", "Cytoskeleton", "Cytosol", "Endoplasmic reticulum", "Extracellular", "Extracellular matrix", "Golgi apparatus", "Lysosome", "Membrane", "Microsome", "Mitochondrial Membrane", "Mitochondrion", "Nuclear Membrane", "Peroxisome", "Plasma Membrane", "Sarcoplasmic Reticulum", "Secretory Granule", "Secretory vesicle", "Soluble Fraction", "Synaptic Vesicle", "Zymogen Granule"
途径
"Apoptosis", "Oxidative phosphorylation", "Steroid Biosynthesis", "Osteoclast differentiation", "Nucleotide Excision Repair", "Steroid hormone biosynthesis", "Cell cycle", "Base excision repair", "Rna degradation", "Proteasome", "Penicillins", "Gastric acid secretion", "Fatty acid Metabolism", "Eicosanoids", "Degradation Of Aromatic Compounds", "Abc transporters"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
/80 °C at 4.00E-01 mm Hg/
暴露途径
Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal(L308)
毒性机制
Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)
代谢
Organotin compounds are readily absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. Dealkylation of butyltin compounds produces di- and monobutyltin compounds, while oxidation of butyltin compounds produces the 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3-oxobutyl, and 3-carboxy metabolites. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)
致癌性
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
用途/来源
Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents). (L307)
健康影响
Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308)
症状
Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributyltin
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:08 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:11 UTC