Lead-210
SmallMolecule
T3DB_ID
T3D0125
描述
Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. Lead is highly malleable and corrosion-resistant, with its use being traced back to ancient times. Inicidences of lead poisoning have also been documented in the ancient Greek, Roman, and Chinese societies. Lead-210 is a radioactive isotope of lead. (L21)
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Natural Toxin"
同义词
"(210)Pb", "210Pb", "Lead 210", "Lead, isotope of mass 210"
CAS登记号
14255-04-0
化学式
Pb
平均分子量
209.9842
单同位素质量
209.984173129
IUPAC 名称
(²¹⁰Pb)plumbane
传统名称
(²¹⁰Pb)plumbane
简化分子线性输入规范
[210Pb]
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/Pb/i1+3
InChIKey=WABPQHHGFIMREM-AKLPVKDBSA-N
化合物类型
大分类
类型
子类
直接大类
另外分类
取代基
分子框架
外部描述符
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
起源
Exogenous
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
生物流体位置
组织位置
途径
状态
Solid
外貌
Bluish-white metallic solid, turns grey when exposed to air.
熔点/沸点/溶解度
//
日志P
暴露途径
Oral (L136) ; inhalation (L136) ; dermal (L136)
毒性机制
Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. The ionizing radiation produced by lead-210 causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (L1837, T4, A20, A22, L136)
代谢
Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)
毒性值
致死剂量
致癌性
Internalized radionuclides that emit β particles are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) (L2150). Lead-210 primarily undergoes beta decay.
用途/来源
Lead is used extensively in building construction and can also be found in batteries, ammunition, non-Western cosmetics, solder, and pipes. Old paints and ceramic products may also contain lead, though recent legislation has banned its use. (L136)
最低风险等级
Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 mg/m3 (L134)
健康影响
Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. As lead-210 is radioactive, it can cause cancer. (L21)
症状
Symptoms of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, coma, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (L1837, L1852, A2, L21)
治疗
Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (L1852, L21)
药库 ID
HMDB_ID
PubChem 化合物 ID
6328175
维基百科链接
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:07 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:09 UTC
目标
毒素T3DB ID毒素名称目标名称
T3D0125 Lead-210 DNA
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
T3D0125 Lead-210 Thymosin beta-4
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
T3D0125 Lead-210 Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C zeta type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C theta type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C iota type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C gamma type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C eta type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C epsilon type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C delta type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C beta type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Protein kinase C alpha type
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B
T3D0125 Lead-210 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A
T3D0125 Lead-210 Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial
T3D0125 Lead-210 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
T3D0125 Lead-210 Calmodulin
T3D0125 Lead-210 Acyl-CoA-binding protein
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