1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
描述
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (1,3,5-TNB) is a synthetic substance that is used in explosives. (L199)
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"1,3, 5-Trinitrobenzene", "1,3,5-Trinitrobenzol", "2,4,6-trinitrobenzene", "Benzite", "S-trinitrobenzene", "SYM-trinitrobenzene", "Symmetric trinitrobenzene", "SYN-trinitrobenzene", "TNB", "Trinitrobenzene"
IUPAC 名称
1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
简化分子线性输入规范
[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C6H3N3O6/c10-7(11)4-1-5(8(12)13)3-6(2-4)9(14)15/h1-3H
键
InChIKey=UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
类型
Benzene and substituted derivatives
另外分类
"Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Nitroaromatic compounds", "Organic oxides", "Organic oxoazanium compounds", "Organonitrogen compounds", "Organopnictogen compounds", "Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds"
取代基
"Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound", "Aromatic homomonocyclic compound", "C-nitro compound", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Nitroaromatic compound", "Nitrobenzene", "Organic 1,3-dipolar compound", "Organic nitro compound", "Organic nitrogen compound", "Organic oxide", "Organic oxoazanium", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organonitrogen compound", "Organopnictogen compound", "Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound"
分子框架
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
外部描述符
"a small molecule", "trinitrobenzene"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
121.5°C//0.278 mg/mL at 15 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]
暴露途径
Oral (L199); inhalation (L199) ; dermal (L199)
毒性机制
In the red blood cell, 1,3,5-TNB induces formation of methemoglobin, leading to cyanosis. Reduction of the nitrogroup(s) of 1,3,5-TNB produces reactive nitroaromatic radical anions which redox cycle to produce other reactive species such as superoxide anion. Redox cycling of these intermediates probably causes the methemoglobinemia. 1,3,5-TNB may also exert neurotoxic effects by damaging the blood-brain barrier.(L199, A136)
代谢
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and is believed to penetrate the red blood cell membrane. The metabolism of 1,3,5-TNB includes both oxidative and reductive biotransformations, followed by conjugation. The main route of excretion of 1,3,5-TNB metabolites is the urine. (L199)
毒性值
LD50: 250 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T13)
LD50: 32 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (T13)
致癌性
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
用途/来源
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is used in explosives. Waste discharges from army ammunitions plants or other chemical manufacturers are the primary sources for release into the air, water, and soil. (L199)
健康影响
Chronic exposure to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can cause a reduction (or loss) in the number of red blood cells (anemia). 1,3,5-TNB may also have neurotoxic effects. (L199, A136)
症状
Exposure to high concentrations of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can reduce the ability of blood to carry oxygen and can cause skin bluishing. Other symptoms nclude headache, nausea, and dizziness. (L199)
治疗
Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage and/or the administration of activated charcoal. Benzodiazepine may be administered if seizures occur. If methemoglobinemia is evident, 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue should be administered via IV. (T36)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:07 UTC