Chromium(VI) oxide
描述
Chromium(VI) oxide is a chemical compound of hexavalent chromium. It is used mainly in electroplating. Hexavalent chromium is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L50)
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"Anadonis green", "Casalis green", "Chrome bronze", "Chrome green", "Chrome Green F3", "Chrome ocher", "Chrome ochre", "Chrome oxide", "Chrome oxide green BX", "Chrome oxide green GN-m", "Chrome oxide green GP", "Chromia", "Chromic anhydride", "Chromic oxide", "Chromic trioxide", "Chromium oxide", "Chromium oxide green", "Chromium sesquioxide", "Chromium trioxide sintered", "Chromosulfuric acid", "Chromous trioxide", "Chromtrioxid", "CrO3", "Green chrome oxide", "Green chromic oxide", "Green chromium oxide", "Green cinnabar", "Green oxide of chromium", "Green rouge", "Levanox green GA", "Monochromium oxide", "Monochromium trioxide", "Oxide of chromium", "Pigment green 17", "Puratronic chromium trioxide", "Pure Chromium Oxide Green 59", "Red oxide of chromium", "Sintered chromium trioxide", "Trioxochromium", "[CrO3]"
键
InChIKey=WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
化合物类型
Inorganic compounds
大分类
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
类型
Transition metal organides
子类
Transition metal oxides
直接大类
Transition metal oxides
另外分类
"Inorganic chromium trioxides", "Inorganic oxides", "Inorganic salts"
取代基
"Inorganic chromium trioxide", "Inorganic oxide", "Inorganic salt", "Transition metal oxide"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
暴露途径
Oral (L16) ; inhalation (L16) ; dermal (L16)
毒性机制
Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)
代谢
Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16)
毒性值
LD50: 80 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 14 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)
致死剂量
1 to 3 grams for an adult human. (A119)
致癌性
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Chromium(VI) oxide is used mainly in electroplating. (L50)
最低风险等级
Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)
健康影响
Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been known to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (A12)
症状
Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)
治疗
There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium trioxide
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:01 UTC