Endrin
描述
Endrin has been found as a contaminant throughout the environment, including foodstuffs, fish, human milk, etc.
Endrin belongs to the family of Benzoxepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to an oxepine ring (unsaturated seven-member heterocycle with one oxygen atom replacing a carbon atom.).
类别
"Pesticide", "Pollutant", "Food Toxin", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"3,4,5,6,9,9-Hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaph[2,3-b]oxirene", "Endrex", "Endricol", "Endrine", "Hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo, endo-dimethanonaphthalene", "Hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,endo-dimethanonaphthalene", "Hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,endo-dimethanonapthalene", "Hexadrin", "Latka 269", "Mendrin", "Nendrin", "Oktanex", "Stardrin", "Stardrin 20"
IUPAC 名称
3,4,5,6,13,13-hexachloro-10-oxapentacyclo[6.3.1.1³,⁶.0²,⁷.0⁹,¹¹]tridec-4-ene
简化分子线性输入规范
ClC1=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C3C4CC(C5OC45)C3C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl
InChI 标识符
InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2
键
InChIKey=DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-UHFFFAOYNA-N
大分类
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
另外分类
"Alkyl chlorides", "Chloroalkenes", "Dialkyl ethers", "Epoxides", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organochlorides", "Oxacyclic compounds", "Oxanes", "Oxepanes", "Vinyl chlorides"
取代基
"Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound", "Alkyl chloride", "Alkyl halide", "Chloroalkene", "Dialkyl ether", "Ether", "Haloalkene", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Monoterpenoid", "Norbornane monoterpenoid", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organochloride", "Organohalogen compound", "Organoheterocyclic compound", "Organooxygen compound", "Oxacycle", "Oxane", "Oxepane", "Oxirane", "Vinyl chloride", "Vinyl halide"
分子框架
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
熔点/沸点/溶解度
226 - 230°C//0.00025 mg/mL at 25°C
毒性机制
Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (T10, L112)
代谢
Endrin is absorbed orally and distributed primarily to the fat and skin. The major biotransformation
product is anti-l 2-hydroxyendrin and the corresponding sulfate, as well as glucuronide metabolites. Anti- and syn-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin are the main toxic metabolites of endrin. Endrin and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. (L112)
毒性值
LD50: 3 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 12 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)
致癌性
3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Endrin is used as a pesticide. (L111)
最低风险等级
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134)
健康影响
Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (T10, L112)
症状
Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (L112)
治疗
Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (L150)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin
创建于
2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:20:57 UTC