1,2-Dibromoethane
描述
1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is the organobromine compound with the chemical formula (CH2Br)2. Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is formed probably by algae and kelp, it is mainly synthetic. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm, is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain.
类别
"Pesticide", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"1,2,Dibromoethane", "1,2-Dibromoethane(Ethylene bromide)", "1,2-Dibromomethane", "1,2-Ethylene dibromide", "Alpha,beta-dibromoethane", "Alpha,omega-dibromoethane", "Bromofume", "Celmide", "DBE", "Dibromoethane", "Dibromoethylene", "Dowfume", "Edabrom", "EDB", "Ethylene Bromide", "Ethylene Dibromide", "Garden dowfume", "Glycol bromide", "Glycol dibromide", "Iscobrome D", "Kopfume", "Nefis", "Nephis", "Sanhyuum", "Soilbrom", "Soilfume", "SYM dibromoethane", "SYM-dibromoethane", "Unifume"
IUPAC 名称
1,2-dibromoethane
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C2H4Br2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2
键
InChIKey=PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
大分类
Organohalogen compounds
另外分类
"Alkyl bromides", "Hydrocarbon derivatives"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Alkyl bromide", "Alkyl halide", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organobromide"
分子框架
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
外部描述符
"a bromide", "bromoalkane"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
9.9°C//3.91 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]
暴露途径
Oral (L120) ; inhalation (L120) ; dermal (L120)
毒性机制
The metabolite 2-bromoacetaldehyde produces liver damage by binding to cellular proteins. S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, another metabolite, exerts genotoxic and carcinogenic effects by binding to DNA. Antispermatogenic effects of 1,2-dibromoethanes metabolites may be caused by their covalent binding to thiol groups of nucleoproteins in nuclei of spermatozoa. Such adduct formation interferes with DNA, causing improper packing of the chromatin. (L120)
代谢
1,2-Dibromoethane is rapidly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed mainly to the kidneys, liver, and spleen. It can be metabolized by either the cytochrome P-450 system or the glutathione S-transferase system. Many of the metabolites are toxic, and include 2-bromoacetaldehyde and S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione. These metabolites may be further broken down and excreted in the urine. (L120)
毒性值
LD50: 108 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 300 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 220 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)
LC50: 14 300 mg/m3 over 30 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (T14)
致癌性
2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
1,2-Dibromoethane was once widely used as an additive in leaded gasoline and a pesticide, however, today it's use is restricted to only certain pesticides (treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives) and dye preparations. (L120)
健康影响
Long term exposure can result in liver, kidney, and reproductive system damage. 1,2-Dibromoethane is also known to have adverse effects on the brain. (L120)
症状
Redness and inflammation, including skin blisters and mouth and stomach ulcers, can occur if large amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane are swallowed. Breathing high levels may cause depression and collapse. (L120)
创建于
2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:20:56 UTC