描述
Tetrachloroethylene, also known under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, or perchloroethylene ('perc'), and many other names, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a colorless liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics, hence it is sometimes called 'dry-cleaning fluid.' It has a sweet odor detectable by most people at a concentration of 1 part per million (1 ppm). Worldwide production was about one million metric tons in 1985. Animal studies and a study of 99 twins by Dr. Samuel Goldman and researchers at the Parkinson's Institute in Sunnyvale, California determined there is a 'lot of circumstantial evidence' that exposure to tetrachloroethene increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease ninefold. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified tetrachloroethene as a Group 2A carcinogen, which means that it is probably carcinogenic to humans. Like many chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethene is a central nervous system depressant and can enter the body through respiratory or dermal exposure. Tetrachloroethene dissolves fats from the skin, potentially resulting in skin irritation. This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon.
类别
"Cigarette Toxin", "Household Toxin", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethylene", "1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene", "1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene", "Ankilostin", "Antisal 1", "Antisol 1", "Carbon bichloride", "Carbon dichloride", "Didakene", "Dow-per", "Ethylene tetrachloride", "Fedal-Un", "Nema", "PCE", "Perawin", "PERC", "Perchlor", "Perchlorethylene", "Perchlorethylene, per", "Perchloroethene", "Perchloroethylene", "Perclene", "Perclene D", "Perclene TG", "Percloroetilene", "Percosolve", "PERK", "Perklone", "PerSec", "Tetlen", "Tetracap", "Tetrachlooretheen", "Tetrachlorathen", "Tetrachlorethylene", "Tetrachloro-Ethene", "Tetrachloro-Ethylene", "Tetrachloroethene", "Tetracloroetene", "Tetraguer", "Tetraleno", "Tetralex", "Tetravec", "Tetroguer", "Tetropil"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Chloroalkene", "Haloalkene", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organochloride", "Vinyl chloride"
毒性机制
Tetrachloroethylene is believed to affect the central nervous system by altering the fatty acid pattern of brain phospholipids and amino acids, or being incorporated into brain membranes, which may alter neural conduction velocity. Tetrachloroethylene's liver toxicity is caused mainly by its metabolite, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), which induces hepatocellular peroxisomes, causing DNA damage and leading to liver cancer. It is also thought to interfere specifically with energy-dependent hepatic transport functions by inhibiting cell membrane ATPases and decreasing hepatocyte ATP levels. (L116, A63)
代谢
Tetrachloroethylene is readily absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. Once tetrachloroethylene is absorbed, its relatively high lipophilicity results in distribution to
fatty tissue. Some tetrachloroethylene is metabolized to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by cytochrome P-450 enzymes and the glutathione-conjugation pathway, then excreted in the urine. The remaining unmetabolized tetrachloroethylene is exhaled. (L116)
症状
Exposure to high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene can cause dizziness, headache, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, difficulty in speaking and walking, unconsciousness, and death. Irritation may result from repeated or extended skin contact with it. (L116)