Mercuric chloride
描述
Mercuric chloride is one of the most toxic chemical compounds of mercury, due to its high solubility in water. It is most often used as a laboratory reagent, and occasionally used to form amalgams with metals.
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"Abavit b", "Agrosan", "Bichloride of mercury", "Bichloride, mercury", "Calo-clor", "Calochlor", "Dichloromercury", "Emisan 6", "Fungchex", "HgCl2", "Mercuric bichloride", "Mercuric perchloride", "Mercury (II ) chloride", "Mercury (II) chloride", "Mercury bichloride", "Mercury chloride", "Mercury chloride (2)", "Mercury dichloride", "Mercury perchloride", "Mercury(2+) chloride", "Mercury(2+) dichloride", "Mercury(II) chloride", "Perchloride of mercury", "Sublimate", "Sublimate, corrosive"
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/2ClH.Hg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
键
InChIKey=LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
化合物类型
Inorganic compounds
大分类
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
类型
Transition metal salts
子类
Transition metal chlorides
直接大类
Transition metal chlorides
另外分类
"Inorganic chloride salts", "Inorganic mercury compounds"
取代基
"Inorganic chloride salt", "Inorganic mercury compound", "Inorganic salt", "Transition metal chloride"
外部描述符
"Inorganic fungicides", "mercury coordination entity"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
277°C//69 mg/mL at 20 °C [SHIU,WY et al. (1990)]
暴露途径
Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7) ; dermal (L7)
毒性机制
High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)
代谢
Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Mercury can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase-hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. (A6, L7)
毒性值
LD50: 1 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L721)
LD50: 5 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (L721)
LD50: 14 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (L721)
致死剂量
1 gram for an adult human (average for inorganic mercurials). (T17)
致癌性
3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Mercuric chloride is most often used as a laboratory reagent, and occasionally used to form an amalgam with metals. (L720)
最低风险等级
Chronic Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (L134)
健康影响
Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)
症状
Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (A5)
治疗
Mercury poisoning is treated by immediate decontamination and chelation therapy using DMSA, DMPS, DPCN, or dimercaprol. (A7)
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:21 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:24 UTC