Arsine
描述
Arsine is a highly toxic gas formed when arsenic-containing materials react with hydrogen in water or acids. It is nonirritating and colorless, with a slight garlic odor. (L11)
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"Arsane", "Arsenic trihydrie", "Arseniuretted hydrogen", "Arsenous hydride", "AsH3", "Hydrogen arsenide", "Trihydridoarsenic"
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/AsH3/h1H3
键
InChIKey=RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
化合物类型
Inorganic compounds
大分类
Homogeneous metal compounds
类型
Homogeneous metalloid compounds
直接大类
Homogeneous metalloid compounds
取代基
"Homogeneous metalloid"
外部描述符
"monoatomic arsenic"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
> 615°C/−62.5 °C/
毒性机制
Arsine enters the bloodstream and crosses the alveolo-capillary membrane into red blood cells. Here it preferentially binds to hemoglobin and is oxidized to an arsenic dihydride intermediate and elemental arsenic, both of which are hemolytic agents. Arsine also depletes the reduced glutathione content of the red blood cells, resulting in the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in hemoglobin and red cell membranes. These effects produce membrane instability, resulting in hemolysis. Arsine may also inhibit catalase, which leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This destroys red cell membranes and may contribute to arsine-induced conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3, which also impairs oxygen transport. (L11)
代谢
Arsine is gradually converted to arsenite (As3+), then methylated into monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids. It is primarily excreted in the urine. (T21)
毒性值
LD50: 2.5 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T35)
LC50: 20 ppm over 1 hour (Inhalation, Rat) (L1853)
致死剂量
3 ppm for an adult human.
致癌性
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Exposure to arsine usually occurs in an industrial setting, as it is often produced as a byproduct during the smelting and refining of metals. It is also used in the manufacture of semiconductors and crystals for fiberoptics and computer chips.
最低风险等级
Chronic Inhalation: 0.016 mg/m3 (L134)
健康影响
Arsine exposure causes haemolytic anaemia, polyneuropathy, hypotension, and damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, nervous system, heart, and blood-forming organs. (L11)
症状
The first signs of arsine exposure are difficultly breathing, headaches, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin discoloration, and haemoglobinuria. (L11)
治疗
There is no antidote for arsine. Treatment is symptomatic and consists of measures to support respiratory, vascular, and renal function. Whole blood transfusions may be effective if significant haemolysis has occurred. (L11)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:20 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:23 UTC