Acetone
描述
Acetone is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis. Acetone is not regarded as a waste product of metabolism. However, its physiological role in biochemical machinery is not clear. A model for the role of acetone metabolism is presented that orders the events occurring in acetonemia in sequence: in diabetic ketosis or starvation, ketone body production (b-hydroxy-butyrate, acetoacetate) provides fuel for vital organs (heart, brain .) raising the chance of survival of the metabolic catastrophe. However, when ketone body production exceeds the degrading capacity, the accumulating acetoacetic acid presents a new challenge to the pH regulatory system. Acetone production and its further degradation to C3 fragments fulfill two purposes: the maintenance of pH buffering capacity and provision of fuel for peripheral tissues. Since ketosis develops under serious metabolic circumstances, all the mechanisms that balance or moderate the effects of ketosis enhance the chance for survival. From this point of view, the theory that transportable C3 fragments can serve as additional nutrients is a novel view of acetone metabolism which introduces a new approach to the study of acetone degradation, especially in understanding its physiological function and the interrelationship between liver and peripheral tissues. (A7724). Acetone is typically derived from acetoacetate through the action of microbial acetoacetate decarboxylases found in gut microflora. In chemistry, acetone is the simplest representative of the ketones. Acetone is a colorless, mobile, flammable liquid readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, etc., and itself serves as an important solvent. Acetone is an irritant and inhalation may lead to hepatotoxic effects (causing liver damage).
类别
"Household Toxin", "Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Food Toxin", "Natural Toxin"
同义词
"2-Ketopropane", "2-Propanone", "b-Ketopropane", "beta-Ketopropane", "Dimethyl formaldehyde", "Dimethyl ketone", "Dimethylformaldehyde", "Methyl ketone", "Propanone", "Pyroacetic ether", "Pyroacetic spirit"
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3
键
InChIKey=CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
大分类
Organic oxygen compounds
类型
Organooxygen compounds
另外分类
"Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organic oxides"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Ketone", "Organic oxide"
分子框架
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
外部描述符
"Oxygenated hydrocarbons", "a methyl-ethyl-ketone", "ketone body", "methyl ketone", "propanone"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular", "Mitochondria"
组织位置
"Adipose Tissue", "Adrenal Gland", "Bladder", "Brain", "Fibroblasts", "Kidney", "Liver", "Myelin", "Pancreas", "Placenta", "Skin", "Stratum Corneum", "Testes", "Thyroid Gland"
途径
"Ketone Body Metabolism"
熔点/沸点/溶解度
-94.8°C/56.2°C (133.2°F)/1000 mg/mL at 25°C
暴露途径
Inhalation (L937) ; oral (L937) ; dermal (L937) ; eye contact (L937)
毒性机制
Since acetone is highly water soluble, it is readily taken up by the blood and widely distributed to body tissues. Acetone may interfere with the composition of the membranes, altering their permeability to ions. Systemically, acetone is moderately toxic to the liver and produces hematological effects. The renal toxicity may be due to the metabolite, formate, which is known to be nephrotoxic and is excreted by the kidneys. One of the major effects of acetone is the potentiation of the toxicity of other chemicals. Pretreatment with acetone has been shown to potentiate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform by inducing particular forms of cytochrome P-450, especially cytochrome P-45OIIE1, and associated enzyme activities. (N004)
代谢
The metabolic fate of acetone is independent of route of administration and involves three separate gluconeogenic pathways, with ultimate incorporation of carbon atoms into glucose and other products and substrates of intermediary metabolism with generation of carbon dioxide. The primary (major) pathway involves hepatic metabolism of acetone to acetol and hepatic metabolism of acetol to methylglyoxal, while two secondary (minor) pathways are partially extrahepatic, involving the extrahepatic reduction of acetol to L-1,2-propanediol. Subsequent conversion of acetol to methylglyoxal in microsomes is catalyzed by acetol monooxygenase (also called acetol hydroxylase), an activity also associated with cytochrome P-450IIE1, and also requires oxygen and NADPH. Methylglyoxal can then be converted to D-glucose by an unidentified pathway, and/or possibly by catalysis by glyoxalase I and II and glutathione to D-lactate, which is converted to D-glucose. Some of exogenous acetone is unmetabolized and is excreted primarily in the expired air with little acetone excreted in urine. (N004)
毒性值
LD50: 2400 mg/kg/day (Oral, Mouse) (N004)
致癌性
No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)
用途/来源
Most acetone produced is used to make other chemicals that make plastics, fibers, and drugs. Acetone is also used to dissolve other substances. Exposure may occur from breathing air, drinking water and eating food with acetone, and through dermal and eye contact. (N004)
最低风险等级
Acute Inhalation: 26 ppm (N004)
Intermediate Inhalation: 13 ppm (N004)
Chronic Inhalation: 13 ppm (N004)
健康影响
Pulmonary congestion and edema can follow inhalation of acetone, which irritates the mucosa. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by repeated vomiting of blood has been reported. Neurobehavioral effects, indicative of narcosis, sedation, respiratory depression, ataxia, paresthesia and renal lesions can also result from acetone poisoning. (N004, A578)
症状
Sore throat, cough, confusion, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness are some signs observed after acetone poisoning. Moreover, ingestion of the product can cause nausea and vomiting. Redness, pain, blurred vision as well as corneal damage can result from eye exposure. A dry skin can be the result of dermal contact. Irritation of the nose, throat, lungs, and eyes can also occur depending on the route of exposure. (L937)
治疗
Following oral exposure to acetone, consider insertion of a nasogastric tube to aspirate stomach contents only after recent, large acetone ingestions; symptomatic and supportive treatment is generally all that is required. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure to acetone. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetone
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:14 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:17 UTC