Chlordecone
描述
Chlordecone is a manufactured insecticide also known as Kepone. It was used mainly on tobacco, ornamental shrubs, bananas, and citrus trees, and in ant and roach traps. However, its use was banned in 1975 due to its toxicity and nature as a persistent organic pollutant. (L601, L602). The LC50 (LC = lethal concentration) is 0.022Р0.095 mg/kg for blue gill and trout. Kepone bioaccumulates in animals by a factors up to a million-fold. Workers with repeated exposure suffer severe convulsions resulting from degradation of the synaptic junctions.
类别
"Pesticide", "Pollutant", "Synthetic Toxin"
同义词
"Chlordecane", "Chlordecone (kepone)", "Chlorodecone", "Clordecone", "Decachloro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one", "Decachloroketone", "Decachlorooctahydrokepone-2-one", "Decachloropentacyclo(5.3.0.02,6.04,10.05,9)decan-3-one", "Decachloropentacyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6).0(3,9).0(5,8)]decan-4-one", "Decachlorotetracyclodecanone", "Decachlorotetrahydro-4,7-methanoindeneone", "Hlordecane", "Kepone", "Perchloropentacyclo(5.3.0.0(2,6).0(3,9).0(4,8))decan-5-one", "Perchloropentacyclo[5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decan-5-one"
IUPAC 名称
decachloropentacyclo[5.3.0.0²,⁶.0³,⁹.0⁴,⁸]decan-5-one
简化分子线性输入规范
ClC12C(=O)C3(Cl)C4(Cl)C1(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)C3(Cl)C4(Cl)C1(Cl)Cl
InChI 标识符
InChI=1/C10Cl10O/c11-2-1(21)3(12)6(15)4(2,13)8(17)5(2,14)7(3,16)9(6,18)10(8,19)20
键
InChIKey=LHHGDZSESBACKH-UHFFFAOYNA-N
大分类
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
另外分类
"Alkyl chlorides", "Alpha-chloroketones", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organic oxides", "Organochlorides"
取代基
"Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound", "Alkyl chloride", "Alkyl halide", "Alpha-chloroketone", "Alpha-haloketone", "Carbonyl group", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Ketone", "Monoterpenoid", "Norbornane monoterpenoid", "Organic oxide", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organochloride", "Organohalogen compound", "Organooxygen compound"
分子框架
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
外部描述符
"Organochlorine pesticides", "a small molecule", "cyclic ketone", "organochlorine compound"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
熔点/沸点/溶解度
350°C//0.0027 mg/mL at 25 °C [KILZER,L et al. (1979)]
暴露途径
Oral(L601) ; inhalation (L601) ; dermal (L601).
毒性机制
It is believed that the α-noradrenergic and serotonergic transmitter systems in the central nervous system are the primary neurotransmitter systems affected by chlordecone's neurotoxicity. Chlordecone causes spontaneous neurotransmitter release and increases in free intracellular calcium in synaptosomes by increasing permeability of the plasma membrane, activating voltage-dependent calcium channels, inhibiting of brain mitochondrial calcium uptake, and decreasing the activity of calmodulin-stimulated enzymes and Na+/K+, Mg+, and Ca+ ATPases. This inhibition of membrane ATPases also impairs energy-dependent cellular processes. Chlordecone causes its reproductive effects by binding to the estrogen and androgen receptors. (L601, A213, A214)
代谢
Chlordecone is well absorbed orally and through inhalation, but may also be absorbed dermally to a lesser extent. It is widely distributed throughout the body and concentrates in the liver, where it is metabolized to chlordecone alcohol by chlordecone reductase. Chlordecone, chlordecone alcohol, and their glucuronide conjugates are slowly excreted in the bile and eliminated in the feces. (L601)
毒性值
LD50: 132 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T29)
LD50: 410 mg/kg (Percutaneous, Rabbit) (T29)
致癌性
2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
Chlordecone is an insecticide. (L601)
最低风险等级
Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134)
健康影响
Chlordecone damages the nervous system, skin, liver, and male reproductive system. Animal studies indicate that it may also have harmful kidney effects, developmental effects, and effects on the ability of females to reproduce. (L601)
症状
Exposure to chlordecone may cause tremors, jerky eye movements, memory loss, headaches, slurred speech, unsteadiness, lack of coordination, loss of weight, rash, enlarged liver, decreased libido, sterility, chest pain, arthralgia, and an increased risk of developing cancer. (L602)
治疗
Treatment of chlordecone exposure is symptomatic. (L603)
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepone
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:09 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:11 UTC