Hydrogen cyanide
SmallMolecule
T3DB_ID
T3D0133
描述
Hydrogen cyanide (with the historical common name of Prussic acid) is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 C (79ЎF). A hydrogen cyanide concentration of 300 mg/m3 in air will kill a human within 10Р60 minutes.[38] A hydrogen cyanide concentration of 3500 ppm (about 3200 mg/m3) will kill a human in about 1 minute.[38] The toxicity is caused by the cyanide ion, which halts cellular respiration by acting as a non-competitive inhibitor for an enzyme in mitochondria called cytochrome c oxidase.
类别
"Industrial/Workplace Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Food Toxin", "Natural Toxin"
同义词
"Carbon hydride nitride", "Cyanide", "Evercyn", "Formic anammonide", "Formonitrile", "HCN", "Hydridonitridocarbon", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Hydrogen isocyanide", "Hydrogen(nitridocarbonate)", "Methanenitrile", "Nitrilomethane", "Prussic acid", "Zaclondiscoids", "Zootic acid", "Zyklon", "Zyklon b"
CAS登记号
74-90-8
化学式
CHN
平均分子量
27.0253
单同位素质量
27.010899037
IUPAC 名称
formonitrile
传统名称
hydrogen cyanide
简化分子线性输入规范
C#N
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H
InChIKey=LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
化合物类型
Organic compounds
大分类
Organic nitrogen compounds
类型
Organonitrogen compounds
子类
Organic cyanides
直接大类
Nitriles
另外分类
"Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Organopnictogen compounds"
取代基
"Aliphatic acyclic compound", "Carbonitrile", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Organopnictogen compound"
分子框架
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
外部描述符
"a non-metabolic compound", "hydracid", "one-carbon compound"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
起源
Exogenous
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
生物流体位置
组织位置
途径
状态
Liquid
外貌
Colorless gas or liquid.
熔点/沸点/溶解度
-13.4°C//1000 mg/mL at 25 °C [METCALF,RL (1978)]
日志P
暴露途径
Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)
毒性机制
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
代谢
Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
毒性值
LD50: 3700 ug/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (N010) LD50: 810 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rat) LD50: 3700 ug/kg (Oral, Mouse) LD50: 2990 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) LC50: 142 ppm over 30 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (T32)
致死剂量
50 to 60 mg (oral) or 270 ppm (inhaled for an adult human. (T37, T50)
致癌性
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
用途/来源
Hydrogen cyanide is a precursor to many chemical compounds, ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. (L101)
最低风险等级
健康影响
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
症状
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
治疗
Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)
药库 ID
HMDB_ID
HMDB60292
PubChem 化合物 ID
768
维基百科链接
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen cyanide
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:08 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:11 UTC
目标
毒素T3DB ID毒素名称目标名称
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 9
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 7
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 6
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 4
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 2
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Carbonic anhydrase 1
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione peroxidase 7
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Tyrosinase
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione peroxidase 6
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione peroxidase 3
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione peroxidase 2
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione peroxidase 1
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Catalase
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Probable glutathione peroxidase 8
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Alkaline phosphatase, placental-like
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
T3D0133 Hydrogen cyanide Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
免责声明:以上所展示的信息由企业自行提供,内容的真实性、准确性和合法性由发布企业负责,医药网对此不承担任何责任。
相关链接:医药研究数据| 医药资料| SDA药品评审中心| 中医网| 中药处方系统| 爱视立眼贴
专业提供药品信息、药品招商、药品代理、保健品招商、医药原料采购供应的中国药品信息网站平台
版权所有 © 2003-2028 盗冒必究  客服热线:0575-83552251 / 13754370441  QQ客服:药品信息客服
浙ICP备16010490号-2 增值电信业务经营许可证:浙B2-20220931 互联网药品信息服务资格证书编号:(浙)-经营性2023-0215 浙公网安备:330683240604819103159
 医药代理商群1:药药网药品采购交流医药代理商群2:药药网药品采购交流2医药代理商群3:药药网药品采购交流3