Polonium-210
描述
Polonium is a chemical element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive metalloid, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. When it is mixed or alloyed with beryllium, polonium can be a neutron source and has been used in this capacity as a neutron trigger or initiator for nuclear weapons. Polonium has also been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. It is unstable and all isotopes of polonium are radioactive. It is one ingredient of cigarette. (L1842)
类别
"Cigarette Toxin", "Pollutant", "Airborne Pollutant", "Natural Toxin"
同义词
"(210)84Po", "(210)Po", "210-Polonium", "210Po", "Polonium 210", "Polonium, isotope of mass 210"
IUPAC 名称
(²¹⁰Po)polanylidene
InChI 标识符
InChI=1S/Po/i1+1
键
InChIKey=HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-OUBTZVSYSA-N
化合物类型
Inorganic compounds
大分类
Homogeneous metal compounds
类型
Homogeneous metalloid compounds
直接大类
Homogeneous metalloid compounds
取代基
"Homogeneous metalloid"
地位
Detected and Not Quantified
蜂窝位置
"Cytoplasm", "Extracellular"
暴露途径
Oral (L1842); Inhalation (L1842)
毒性机制
The alpha radiation polonium emits does not penetrate the skin but can irradiate internal organs when polonium is inhaled or ingested. The ionizing radiation produced by plutonium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (L1837, L1842)
致癌性
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
用途/来源
When it is mixed or alloyed with beryllium, polonium can be a neutron source and has been used in this capacity as a neutron trigger or initiator for nuclear weapons. Polonium has also been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. (L1842)
健康影响
Polonium's radioactivity can cause cancer, especially of the lung, if ingested of inhaled. (L1842)
症状
Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (L1837, L1852)
治疗
Chelation agents such as British Anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol) can be used to decontaminate humans. Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (L1852, L1842)
创建于
2009-03-06 18:58:07 UTC
更新于
2014-12-24 20:21:09 UTC