土豆
食物名英文
Potato
食物类英文
Vegetables
食物群
Tubers
科学名称
Solanum tuberosum
描述
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family (also known as the nightshades). The word may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species. Potatoes were introduced outside the Andes region four centuries ago, and have become an integral part of much of the world's cuisine. It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following rice, wheat and maize. Long-term storage of potatoes requires specialised care in cold warehouses. Wild potato species occur throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex), where they were domesticated 7,000–10,000 years ago. Following centuries of selective breeding, there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes. Of these subspecies, a variety that at one point grew in the Chiloé Archipelago left its germplasm on over 99% of the cultivated potatoes worldwide. The annual diet of an average global citizen in the first decade of the 21st century included about 33 kg of potato. However, the local importance of potato is extremely variable and rapidly changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia. China is now the world's largest potato-producing country, and nearly a third of the world's potatoes are harvested in China and India.
id
175
食物含有的化合物
化合物说明含量单位
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --5 mg/100g
Fatty acids, total saturated Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --51 mg/100g
Betaine Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.1 mg/100g
Folate, DFE Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.006 mg/100g
Folate, food Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.006 mg/100g
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.0015 mg/100g
Choline, total Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --9.2 mg/100g
Folate, total Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.006 mg/100g
Vitamin B-6 Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.19 mg/100g
Pantothenic acid Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.245 mg/100g
Niacin Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.92 mg/100g
Riboflavin Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.01 mg/100g
Thiamin Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.07 mg/100g
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --5.1 mg/100g
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.05 mg/100g
Carotene, beta Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.001 mg/100g
Vitamin A, IU Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --2 IU
Selenium, Se Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.0009 mg/100g
Manganese, Mn Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.12 mg/100g
Copper, Cu Potatoes, canned, drained solids, no salt added --0.057 mg/100g

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