人类代谢组数据库

版本

5.0

创建日期

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

更新日期

2021-09-14 14:58:38 UTC

登录号

HMDB0000086

地位

quantified

二级访问

HMDB0000049

HMDB00049

HMDB00086

名称

Glycerophosphocholine

描述

Glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) is a choline derivative and one of the two major forms of choline storage (along with phosphocholine) in the cytosol. Glycerophosphorylcholine is also one of the four major organic osmolytes in renal medullary cells, changing their intracellular osmolyte concentration in parallel with extracellular tonicity during cellular osmoadaptation. As an osmolyte, Glycerophosphorylcholine counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules. Kidneys (especially medullar cells), which are exposed under normal physiological conditions to widely fluctuating extracellular solute concentrations, respond to hypertonic stress by accumulating the organic osmolytes glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol, sorbitol and free amino acids. Increased intracellular contents of these osmolytes are achieved by a combination of increased uptake (myo-inositol and betaine) and synthesis (sorbitol, GPC), decreased degradation (GPC) and reduced osmolyte release. GPC is formed in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PtC). This pathway is active in many body tissues, including mammary tissue.

同义词

1:(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate

2:Alfoscerate de choline

3:Alfoscerato de colina

4:alpha-Glycerophosphorylcholine

5:Choline alphoscerate

6:Choline glycerophosphate

7:Cholini alfosceras

8:Cholini glycerophosphas

9:Glicerofosfato de colina

10:Glycerol phosphorylcholine

11:Glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine

12:Glycerol-3-phosphocholine

13:Glycerophosphate de choline

14:Glycerophosphorylcholine

15:GPCho

16:L-alpha-Glycerophosphocholine

17:L-alpha-Glycerophosphorylcholine

18:L-Choline hydroxide 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphate inner salt

19:sn-3-GPC

20:sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine

21:sn-Glycerol 3-phosphocholine

22:Gliatilin

23:(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphoric acid

24:Alfosceric acid de choline

25:a-Glycerophosphorylcholine

26:Α-glycerophosphorylcholine

27:Choline alphosceric acid

28:Choline glycerophosphoric acid

29:Glycerophosphoric acid de choline

30:L-a-Glycerophosphocholine

31:L-Α-glycerophosphocholine

32:L-a-Glycerophosphorylcholine

33:L-Α-glycerophosphorylcholine

34:L-Choline hydroxide 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphoric acid inner salt

35:Choline alfosceric acid

36:Glycerol 3 phosphocholine

37:Glycerylphosphorylcholine

38:Alphoscerate, choline

39:L alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine

40:3-Phosphocholine, glycerol

41:Glycerol 3-phosphocholine

42:L-alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

43:Alfoscerate, choline

44:Glycerophosphate, choline

45:2-[[(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium inner salt

46:a-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

47:alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

48:Choline alfoscerate

49:Glycerophosphatidylcholine

50:GPC

51:Hydrogen glycerophosphate choline

52:Cereton

53:Cholicerin

54:Cholitiline

55:Delecit

56:Glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine

57:Glycerophosphoric acid choline ester

58:Glyceryl 3-phosphorylcholine

59:Glycerylphosphocholine

60:L-alpha-GPC

61:L-Α-GPC

62:L-Α-glycerylphosphorylcholine

63:O-(sn-Glycero-3-phosphoryl)-choline

64:sn-Glycero-3-phosphorylcholine

65:Α-glycerylphosphorylcholine

66:Glycerophosphocholine

化学式

C8H20NO6P

平均分子量

257.223

等位分子量

257.102824366

化学名称

(2-{[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

传统名称

(2-{[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

CAS 登记号

28319-77-9

代谢物结构字符串

C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO

inchi标识符

InChI=1S/C8H20NO6P/c1-9(2,3)4-5-14-16(12,13)15-7-8(11)6-10/h8,10-11H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-/m1/s1

印记键

SUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N

分类学

description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycerophosphocholines. These are lipids containing a glycerol moiety carrying a phosphocholine at the 3-position.

description:Glycerophosphocholines

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Lipids and lipid-like molecules

class:Glycerophospholipids

sub_class:Glycerophosphocholines

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:1,2-diols

2:Amines

3:Dialkyl phosphates

4:Hydrocarbon derivatives

5:Organic oxides

6:Organic salts

7:Organopnictogen compounds

8:Phosphocholines

9:Primary alcohols

10:Secondary alcohols

11:Tetraalkylammonium salts

12:1,2-diol

13:Alcohol

14:Aliphatic acyclic compound

15:Alkyl phosphate

16:Amine

17:Dialkyl phosphate

18:Glycero-3-phosphocholine

19:Hydrocarbon derivative

20:Organic nitrogen compound

21:Organic oxide

22:Organic oxygen compound

23:Organic phosphoric acid derivative

24:Organic salt

25:Organonitrogen compound

26:Organooxygen compound

27:Organopnictogen compound

28:Phosphocholine

29:Phosphoric acid ester

30:Primary alcohol

31:Quaternary ammonium salt

32:Secondary alcohol

33:Tetraalkylammonium salt

34:phosphocholines

35:sn-glycerol 3-phosphates

本体论

term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Organoleptic effect

definition:Human sensual perception of chemical stimuli.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Touch

definition:Sensual perception obtained by the human somatosensory system.

parent_id:7719

**level:3

type:parent

term:Smooth

definition:A silky consistency which is devoided of grainy rough texture, and often described as "melts in your mouth".

parent_id:7723

***level:4

type:child

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Attachment loss

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Missing teeth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Periodontal Probing Depth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Prosthesis/Missing teeth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Multi-infarct dementia

definition:A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Vascular dementia

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Brain

definition:An organ composed of grey and white matter that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. it is protected by the bony cranium. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Kidney

definition:The organs of the urinary tract located in the retroperitoneal cavity adjacent to the spine and composed of the renal cortex and the renal medulla. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Kidneys

term:Spleen

definition:An abdominal organ that is part of the hematopoietic and immune systems. it is composed of the white pulp and the red pulp and is surrounded by a capsule. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Semen

definition:Portion of body fluid suspension that consists of spermatozoa and seminal plasma.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Membrane

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Cell membrane

definition:A cellular compartment that separates a cellВ interiorВ from its exterior.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cellular membrane

term:Intracellular membrane

definition:A cellular compartment that separates the matrix of subcellularВ organelles from the intermembrane space.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Inner membrane

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Chemical reaction

definition:A defined chemical event that occurs within or between organism cells.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Biochemical process

definition:A biological process occurring at the subcellular level, involving biochemical reactions.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cellular process

definition:A biological process occurring within a cell or its surroundings.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Surfactant

definition:A chemical substance that has the ability to lower the surface tension of water or to reduce the interfacial tension between two immiscible substances. in the cspa consumer product ingredients dictionary, surfactants are classified on the basis of their ionic characteristics, as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, or nonionic; and functions, which are subdivided into the following major groups: surfactant - cleaning agent, surfactant - conditioning agent, surfactant - emulsifying agent, surfactant - foam booster , surfactant hydrotrop , surfactant - solubility agent, surfactant - suspending agent.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Surface-active agent

term:Emulsifier

definition:Substances that promote the formation and stability of a suspension of fine particles of a liquid in another liquid.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Food additive

definition:A chemical substance added to food to preserve or enhance the food qualities.

parent_id:7687

***level:4

type:child

term:Nutritional supplement

definition:

parent_id:7687

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Nutraceutical

synonym:Dietary supplement

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Membrane stabilizer

definition:A chemical substance that supports the formation and maintenance of a structurally-sound and functioning cell or organelle membrane. Phospholipids form a bilayer and maintain the stability of the membrane structure together with proteins, and other lipids (i.e. cholesterol) which further strengthen it and decrease its permeability.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Membrane stability agent

synonym:Membrane integrity agent

term:Energy source

definition:

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Energy storage

definition:A chemical substance which can be utilized for production of energy in the organism.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

状态

Solid

实验性质

kind:melting_point

value:142.5 °C

source:

预测性质

kind:logp

value:-2.56

source:ALOGPS

kind:logs

value:-1.54

source:ALOGPS

kind:solubility

value:8.96 g/L

source:ALOGPS

kind:logp

value:-5.7

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:1.86

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:-3

source:ChemAxon

kind:iupac

value:(2-{[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium

source:ChemAxon

kind:average_mass

value:257.223

source:ChemAxon

kind:mono_mass

value:257.102824366

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C8H20NO6P

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C8H20NO6P/c1-9(2,3)4-5-14-16(12,13)15-7-8(11)6-10/h8,10-11H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-/m1/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:SUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:99.05

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:68.68

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:24.77

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:8

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:4

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:2

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1134

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:8730

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:131999

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:139733

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218472

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218473

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218474

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1334188

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1334189

10:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1334190

11:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2235925

12:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2237467

13:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2238058

14:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2239500

15:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2240227

16:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2241499

17:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2242251

18:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2243610

19:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2818635

20:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2818636

21:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2818637

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2890234

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2890235

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2890236

25:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1076

26:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142070

27:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142071

28:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142072

29:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142073

30:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142074

31:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142075

32:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142076

33:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142077

34:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142078

35:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142079

36:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142080

37:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142081

38:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142082

39:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142083

40:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142084

41:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142085

42:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142086

43:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142087

44:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142088

45:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142089

光谱

生物学性质

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Extracellular

cellular:(3):Membrane

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Feces

biospecimen:(5):Saliva

biospecimen:(6):Semen

biospecimen:(7):Urine

tissue:(1):Brain

tissue:(2):Kidney

tissue:(3):Placenta

tissue:(4):Prostate

tissue:(5):Spleen

[1]:

name:Retinol Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00074

kegg_map_id:map00830

[2]:

name:Vitamin A Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00336

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:34.0 +/- 5.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:40.0 +/- 4.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:29.0 +/- 5.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:33.0 +/- 4.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:471 +/- 161

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:362 +/- 70

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:3.94 +/- 1.17

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:3.9 +/- 1.2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.05 +/- 0.248

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.38 +/- 0.531

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.84 +/- 0.652

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.98 +/- 1.45

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:2.53 +/- 4.35

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:9.82 +/- 6.76

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Semen

concentration_value:2.5 +/- 1.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Kidney cancer

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:4.03 +/- 1.52

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Elderly (>65 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Vascular dementia

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:4.03 (2.51-5.55)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Vascular dementia

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:6.9 +/- 3.2

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Elderly (>65 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Attachment loss

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Missing teeth

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Periodontal Probing Depth

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Prosthesis/Missing teeth

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Oral cancer

10:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Breast cancer

11:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Pancreatic cancer

12:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Periodontal diseases

疾病参考

name:Kidney cancer

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Tortorella C, Aragona F, Nussdorfer GG: In vivo evidence that human adrenal glands possess 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Life Sci. 1999;65(26):2823-7.

pubmed_id:10622271

[2]:

reference_text:Lin L, Huang Z, Gao Y, Chen Y, Hang W, Xing J, Yan X: LC-MS-based serum metabolic profiling for genitourinary cancer classification and cancer type-specific biomarker discovery. Proteomics. 2012 Aug;12(14):2238-46. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201200016.

pubmed_id:22685041

name:Multi-infarct dementia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Jia JP, Jia JM, Zhou WD, Xu M, Chu CB, Yan X, Sun YX: Differential acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2004 Aug;117(8):1161-4.

pubmed_id:15361288

[2]:

reference_text:Walter A, Korth U, Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Weichel O, Hilgert M, Fassbender K, Schmitt A, Klein J: Glycerophosphocholine is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Nov-Dec;25(10):1299-303.

pubmed_id:15465626

[3]:

reference_text:Wallin A, Blennow K, Edman A, Mansson JE: Decreased lumbar cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in vascular dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 1996 Fall;8(3):425-36.

pubmed_id:9116178

[4]:

reference_text:Bar KJ, Franke S, Wenda B, Muller S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Sauer H: Pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):333-8.

pubmed_id:12498967

name:Alzheimer's disease

omim_id:104300

[1]:

reference_text:Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

pubmed_id:17031479

[2]:

reference_text:Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8.

pubmed_id:11959400

[3]:

reference_text:Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Schapiro MB: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):298-302.

pubmed_id:8595727

[4]:

pubmed_id:15361288

[5]:

reference_text:Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4.

pubmed_id:9693263

[6]:

pubmed_id:15465626

[7]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[8]:

reference_text:Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Holmes C, Goldstein DS: Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):756-65.

pubmed_id:10494443

[9]:

reference_text:Lovell MA, Markesbery WR: Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):392-6.

pubmed_id:11255442

[10]:

pubmed_id:12498967

[11]:

reference_text:Serot JM, Barbe F, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Franck P, Montagne P, Nicolas JP: Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1585-7.

pubmed_id:16227558

[12]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1998;105(4-5):479-88.

pubmed_id:9720975

[13]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44.

pubmed_id:12111441

[14]:

reference_text:Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203.

pubmed_id:16244393

[15]:

reference_text:Kristensen MO, Gulmann NC, Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K: Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993 Jun;87(6):475-81.

pubmed_id:8356878

[16]:

reference_text:Abe T, Tohgi H, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C: Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2002 Nov 1;70(3):447-50.

pubmed_id:12391605

[17]:

reference_text:Reichman ME, Judd JT, Longcope C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, Nair PP, Campbell WS, Taylor PR: Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 May 5;85(9):722-7.

pubmed_id:8478958

[18]:

reference_text:Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T: Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15;303(1-2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:21292280

[19]:

reference_text:Motawaj M, Peoc'h K, Callebert J, Arrang JM: CSF levels of the histamine metabolite tele-methylhistamine are only slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(3):861-71. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100381.

pubmed_id:20858978

[20]:

reference_text:Smach MA, Jacob N, Golmard JL, Charfeddine B, Lammouchi T, Ben Othman L, Dridi H, Bennamou S, Limem K: Folate and homocysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia: a case control study. Eur Neurol. 2011;65(5):270-8. doi: 10.1159/000326301. Epub 2011 Apr 8.

pubmed_id:21474939

[21]:

reference_text:Linnebank M, Popp J, Smulders Y, Smith D, Semmler A, Farkas M, Kulic L, Cvetanovska G, Blom H, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kolsch H, Weller M, Jessen F: S-adenosylmethionine is decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(6):373-8. doi: 10.1159/000309657. Epub 2010 Jun 3.

pubmed_id:20523031

[22]:

reference_text:Rosler N, Wichart I, Jellinger KA: Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2001;108(2):231-46.

pubmed_id:11314776

[23]:

reference_text:Sunderland T, Berrettini WH, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Martinez RA, Vitiello B, Tariot PN, Cohen RM: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A1-8 in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Jul 1;30(1):81-7.

pubmed_id:1716470

[24]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

name:Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Byun JA, Lee SH, Jung BH, Choi MH, Moon MH, Chung BC: Analysis of polyamines as carbamoyl derivatives in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Jan;22(1):73-80.

pubmed_id:17668437

[2]:

reference_text:Zheng YF, Kong HW, Xiong JH, Lv S, Xu GW: Clinical significance and prognostic value of urinary nucleosides in breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem. 2005 Jan;38(1):24-30.

pubmed_id:15607313

[3]:

reference_text:Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, Ljung BM, Bauer DC, Cummings SR, Kuller LH: Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov;14(6):740-4.

pubmed_id:14569192

[4]:

reference_text:Zhang Z, Chen H, Chan KK, Budd T, Ganapathi R: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of perillyl alcohol and metabolites in plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 May 14;728(1):85-95.

pubmed_id:10379660

[5]:

reference_text:Grace PB, Mistry NS, Carter MH, Leathem AJ, Teale P: High throughput quantification of phytoestrogens in human urine and serum using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Jun 15;853(1-2):138-46. Epub 2007 Mar 18.

pubmed_id:17403619

[6]:

reference_text:Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22.

pubmed_id:22284503

[7]:

reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

[8]:

reference_text:Lv W, Yang T: Identification of possible biomarkers for breast cancer from free fatty acid profiles determined by GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Clin Biochem. 2012 Jan;45(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Oct 26.

pubmed_id:22061338

[9]:

reference_text:Nam H, Chung BC, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee D: Combining tissue transcriptomics and urine metabolomics for breast cancer biomarker identification. Bioinformatics. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):3151-7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp558. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

pubmed_id:19783829

[10]:

reference_text:Woo HM, Kim KM, Choi MH, Jung BH, Lee J, Kong G, Nam SJ, Kim S, Bai SW, Chung BC: Mass spectrometry based metabolomic approaches in urinary biomarker study of women's cancers. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Feb;400(1-2):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.014. Epub 2008 Oct 30.

pubmed_id:19010317

name:Pancreatic cancer

omim_id:260350

[1]:

reference_text:Loser C, Folsch UR, Paprotny C, Creutzfeldt W: Polyamine concentrations in pancreatic tissue, serum, and urine of patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 1990 Mar;5(2):119-27.

pubmed_id:2315288

[2]:

pubmed_id:20300169

[3]:

reference_text:Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19.

pubmed_id:22613268

[4]:

reference_text:OuYang D, Xu J, Huang H, Chen Z: Metabolomic profiling of serum from human pancreatic cancer patients using 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;165(1):148-54. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9240-0. Epub 2011 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:21505807

[5]:

reference_text:Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8.

pubmed_id:25429707

name:Periodontal disease

omim_id:170650

[1]:

pubmed_id:20300169

name:Attachment loss

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

name:Missing teeth

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:31026179

name:Periodontal Probing Depth

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:31026179

10:

name:Prosthesis/Missing teeth

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:31026179

KEGG数据库编号

C00670

DrugBank数据库编号

DB04660

foodb数据库编号

FDB030952

ChemSpider数据库编号

571409

公共化学化合物编号

657272

PDB数据库编号

生物利益的化学实体数据库编号

16870

knapsack数据库编号

维基百科编号

Alpha-GPC

代谢途径的数据库编号

L-1-GLYCERO-PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE

苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号

比格数据库编号

梅林编号

370

虚拟机身份证编号

G3PC

fbonto数据库编号

综合参考

Evans, Christopher Thomas; McCague, Raymond; Tyrrell, Nicholas David. Preparation of phospholipid-intermediate glycerophosphocholine by a crystallization process. PCT Int. Appl. (1993), 8 pp.

一般参考

protein_accession:HMDBP00056

name:Acyl-protein thioesterase 1

uniprot_id:O75608

gene_name:LYPLA1

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00057

name:Group XV phospholipase A2

uniprot_id:Q8NCC3

gene_name:PLA2G15

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00060

name:Cytosolic phospholipase A2

uniprot_id:P47712

gene_name:PLA2G4A

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00064

name:Galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13

uniprot_id:Q9UHV8

gene_name:LGALS13

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00066

name:Acyl-protein thioesterase 2

uniprot_id:O95372

gene_name:LYPLA2

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00070

name:Eosinophil lysophospholipase

uniprot_id:Q05315

gene_name:CLC

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP07300

name:60 kDa lysophospholipase

uniprot_id:Q86U10

gene_name:ASPG

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP07301

name:Phospholipase B1, membrane-associated

uniprot_id:Q6P1J6

gene_name:PLB1

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP07388

name:Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1

uniprot_id:Q9NZC3

gene_name:GDE1

protein_type:Unknown

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP07945

name:Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma

uniprot_id:Q9NP80

gene_name:PNPLA8

protein_type:Unknown

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP10677

name:Neuropathy target esterase

uniprot_id:Q8IY17

gene_name:PNPLA6

protein_type:Enzyme

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP10943

name:Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 6

uniprot_id:Q6UWR7

gene_name:ENPP6

protein_type:Enzyme

13:

protein_accession:HMDBP11753

name:Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GPCPD1

uniprot_id:Q9NPB8

gene_name:GPCPD1

protein_type:Unknown

14:

protein_accession:HMDBP11883

name:Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7

uniprot_id:Q6ZV29

gene_name:PNPLA7

protein_type:Unknown

15:

protein_accession:HMDBP11979

name:Lysoplasmalogenase

uniprot_id:Q8N661

gene_name:TMEM86B

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

reference_text:Satlin A, Bodick N, Offen WW, Renshaw PF: Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in Alzheimer's disease: changes after treatment with xanomeline, an M1 selective cholinergic agonist. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Oct;154(10):1459-61.

pubmed_id:9326834

pubmed_id:15465626

reference_text:Theberge J, Al-Semaan Y, Jensen JE, Williamson PC, Neufeld RW, Menon RS, Schaefer B, Densmore M, Drost DJ: Comparative study of proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia at 4 Tesla. Psychiatry Res. 2004 Nov 15;132(1):33-9.

pubmed_id:15546701

reference_text:Miller BL, Lin KM, Djenderedjian A, Tang C, Hill E, Fu P, Nuccio C, Jenden DJ: Changes in red blood cell choline and choline-bound lipids with oral lithium. Experientia. 1990 May 15;46(5):454-6.

pubmed_id:2347393

reference_text:Caetano SC, Fonseca M, Olvera RL, Nicoletti M, Hatch JP, Stanley JA, Hunter K, Lafer B, Pliszka SR, Soares JC: Proton spectroscopy study of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pediatric depressed patients. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Aug 26;384(3):321-6.

pubmed_id:15936878

reference_text:Nitsch R, Pittas A, Blusztajn JK, Slack BE, Growdon JH, Wurtman RJ: Alterations of phospholipid metabolites in postmortem brain from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;640:110-3.

pubmed_id:1663712

reference_text:Chap HJ, Moatti JP, Mieusset R, Nieto M, Laneelle G, Bennet PJ, Mansat A, Pontonnier F, Douste-Blazy L: Simple, rapid enzymatic determination of glycerophosphocholine in human seminal plasma. Clin Chem. 1988 Jan;34(1):106-9.

pubmed_id:2827914

reference_text:Blusztajn JK, Lopez Gonzalez-Coviella I, Logue M, Growdon JH, Wurtman RJ: Levels of phospholipid catabolic intermediates, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, are elevated in brains of Alzheimer's disease but not of Down's syndrome patients. Brain Res. 1990 Dec 17;536(1-2):240-4.

pubmed_id:2150771

10:

reference_text:Mandal PK, McClure RJ, Pettegrew JW: Interactions of Abeta(1-40) with glycerophosphocholine and intact erythrocyte membranes: fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. Neurochem Res. 2004 Dec;29(12):2273-9.

pubmed_id:15672550

11:

reference_text:Pomfret EA, daCosta KA, Schurman LL, Zeisel SH: Measurement of choline and choline metabolite concentrations using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 1989 Jul;180(1):85-90.

pubmed_id:2817347

12:

reference_text:Nitsch RM, Blusztajn JK, Pittas AG, Slack BE, Growdon JH, Wurtman RJ: Evidence for a membrane defect in Alzheimer disease brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1671-5.

pubmed_id:1311847

13:

reference_text:Miller BL, Read S, Tang C, Jenden D: Differences in red blood cell choline and lipid-bound choline between patients with Alzheimer disease and control subjects. Neurobiol Aging. 1991 Jan-Feb;12(1):61-4.

pubmed_id:2002884

14:

reference_text:Jensen JE, Drost DJ, Menon RS, Williamson PC: In vivo brain (31)P-MRS: measuring the phospholipid resonances at 4 Tesla from small voxels. NMR Biomed. 2002 Aug;15(5):338-47.

pubmed_id:12203225

15:

reference_text:Zhang Q, Southall MD, Mezsick SM, Johnson C, Murphy RC, Konger RL, Travers JB: Epidermal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a target for ultraviolet B radiation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 7;280(1):73-9. Epub 2004 Oct 29.

pubmed_id:15516334

16:

reference_text:Fallbrook A, Turenne SD, Mamalias N, Kish SJ, Ross BM: Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites may regulate brain phospholipid catabolism via inhibition of lysophospholipase activity. Brain Res. 1999 Jul 10;834(1-2):207-10.

pubmed_id:10407117

17:

reference_text:Blank ML, Smith ZL, Fitzgerald V, Snyder F: The CoA-independent transacylase in PAF biosynthesis: tissue distribution and molecular species selectivity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Feb 9;1254(3):295-301.

pubmed_id:7857969

18:

reference_text:Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621.

pubmed_id:20044567

19:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

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