版本
5.0
创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-10-13 04:19:07 UTC
登录号
HMDB0000072
地位
quantified
二级访问
HMDB0000461

HMDB00072

HMDB00461

名称
cis-Aconitic acid
描述
cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid. The enzyme aconitase (aconitate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.3) catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
同义词
1:(Z)-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

2:cis-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

3:(Z)-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

4:cis-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

5:cis-Aconitate

6:(1Z)-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

7:(1Z)-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

8:(Z)-Aconitate

9:(Z)-Aconitic acid

10:1-cis-2,3-Propenetricarboxylate

11:1-cis-2,3-Propenetricarboxylic acid

12:1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

13:1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

14:cis-Aconate

15:cis-Aconic acid

16:cis-Oxaloacetate

17:cis-Oxaloacetic acid

18:Acid, citridic

19:Acid, citridinic

20:Aconitic acid

21:Acontic acid

22:Adonic acid

23:Achilleic acid

24:Acid, acontic

25:Acid, equisetic

26:Citridinic acid

27:Acid, achilleic

28:Aconitate

29:Citridic acid

30:Pyrocitric acid

31:Acid, aconitic

32:Acid, adonic

33:Acid, carboxyglutaconic

34:Acid, pyrocitric

35:Carboxyglutaconic acid

36:Equisetic acid

化学式
C6H6O6
平均分子量
174.1082
等位分子量
174.016437924
化学名称
(1Z)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
传统名称
cis-aconitic acid
CAS 登记号
585-84-2
代谢物结构字符串
OC(=O)C\C(=C\C(O)=O)C(O)=O
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C6H6O6/c7-4(8)1-3(6(11)12)2-5(9)10/h1H,2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/b3-1-
印记键
GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups.

description:Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organic acids and derivatives

class:Carboxylic acids and derivatives

sub_class:Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:Carbonyl compounds

2:Carboxylic acids

3:Hydrocarbon derivatives

4:Organic oxides

5:Aliphatic acyclic compound

6:Carbonyl group

7:Carboxylic acid

8:Hydrocarbon derivative

9:Organic oxide

10:Organic oxygen compound

11:Organooxygen compound

12:Tricarboxylic acid or derivatives

13:aconitic acid

本体论
term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Schizophrenia

definition:A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cancer

definition:A group of disorders characterized by the presense of malignant neoplasm.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Sweat

definition:Secretion produced by a sweat gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

状态
Solid
实验性质
1:

kind:water_solubility

value:400.0 mg/mL

source:

2:

kind:logp

value:-0.140

source:The Good Scents Company Information System

3:

kind:melting_point

value:125 °C

source:

4:

kind:boiling_point

value:542.00 to 543.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

source:The Good Scents Company Information System

预测性质
1:

kind:logp

value:-0.41

source:ALOGPS

2:

kind:logs

value:-1.41

source:ALOGPS

3:

kind:solubility

value:6.72 g/L

source:ALOGPS

4:

kind:logp

value:-0.52

source:ChemAxon

5:

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:2.11

source:ChemAxon

6:

kind:iupac

value:(1Z)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

source:ChemAxon

7:

kind:average_mass

value:174.1082

source:ChemAxon

8:

kind:mono_mass

value:174.016437924

source:ChemAxon

9:

kind:smiles

value:OC(=O)C\C(=C\C(O)=O)C(O)=O

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:formula

value:C6H6O6

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C6H6O6/c7-4(8)1-3(6(11)12)2-5(9)10/h1H,2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/b3-1-

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchikey

value:GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:111.9

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:refractivity

value:35.23

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:polarizability

value:14.16

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:4

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:acceptor_count

value:6

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:donor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:physiological_charge

value:-3

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

1:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1127

2:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:311

3:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:312

4:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:313

5:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:1411

6:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:3067

7:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30241

8:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30471

9:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30753

10:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30982

11:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:37281

12:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:151590

13:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1069

14:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4925

15:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4926

16:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:117

17:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:118

18:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:119

19:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2760

20:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2761

21:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2762

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2763

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2764

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2765

25:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2766

26:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2767

27:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2768

28:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2769

29:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2770

30:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2771

31:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2772

32:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2776

33:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179412

34:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179413

35:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179414

36:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:181740

37:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:181741

38:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:181742

39:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437117

40:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437118

光谱
生物学性质
1:

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

2:

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Saliva

biospecimen:(5):Sweat

biospecimen:(6):Urine

3:

tissue:(1):Prostate

4:

[1]:

name:2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00549

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:Citric Acid Cycle

smpdb_id:SMP00057

kegg_map_id:map00020

[3]:

name:Congenital lactic acidosis

smpdb_id:SMP00546

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Fumarase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00547

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:Glutaminolysis and Cancer

smpdb_id:SMP02298

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Mitochondrial complex II deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00548

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E2)

smpdb_id:SMP00551

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E3)

smpdb_id:SMP00550

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate

smpdb_id:SMP02291

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:The oncogenic action of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02359

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate

smpdb_id:SMP02295

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:The oncogenic action of L-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02358

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:The Oncogenic Action of Succinate

smpdb_id:SMP02292

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

2:

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:10.1 +/- 3.1

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

3:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

4:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:20.0 (13.0-27.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

5:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:3.17 +/- 1.17

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

6:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.172 +/- 0.179

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

7:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.176 +/- 0.107

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

8:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.358 +/- 0.198

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

9:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.363 +/- 0.169

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:< 10

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (60 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:< 10

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (40 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:67.9 (14.3-100.7)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:73.8 (64.0-130.3)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:37.9 (17.3-63.3)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:29.8 (14.7-93.1)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.0-23.6

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7-30.6

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:8-26.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:8-40.7

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:54.5 (32.4-76.6)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:48-103

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:20.9 (3.8-95.3)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:13 (2.7-44)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:9.740-38.962

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:35.95

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<102.12

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:58-85

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:33.685 +/- 14.03

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.3(5.2-16.3)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:2.80 +/- 2.11

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

2:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:2.17 +/- 0.53

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Frontotemporal lobe dementia

3:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:2.72 +/- 0.53

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lewy body disease

4:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Bladder cancer

5:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.494-293.514

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Amish lethal microcephaly

6:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:38.74 +/- 40.952

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

7:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:32.0 (0.0-70.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lung cancer

8:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

疾病参考
1:

name:Alzheimer's disease

omim_id:104300

[1]:

reference_text:Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

pubmed_id:17031479

[2]:

reference_text:Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8.

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[3]:

reference_text:Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Schapiro MB: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):298-302.

pubmed_id:8595727

[4]:

reference_text:Jia JP, Jia JM, Zhou WD, Xu M, Chu CB, Yan X, Sun YX: Differential acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2004 Aug;117(8):1161-4.

pubmed_id:15361288

[5]:

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pubmed_id:9693263

[6]:

reference_text:Walter A, Korth U, Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Weichel O, Hilgert M, Fassbender K, Schmitt A, Klein J: Glycerophosphocholine is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Nov-Dec;25(10):1299-303.

pubmed_id:15465626

[7]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[8]:

reference_text:Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Holmes C, Goldstein DS: Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):756-65.

pubmed_id:10494443

[9]:

reference_text:Lovell MA, Markesbery WR: Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):392-6.

pubmed_id:11255442

[10]:

reference_text:Bar KJ, Franke S, Wenda B, Muller S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Sauer H: Pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):333-8.

pubmed_id:12498967

[11]:

reference_text:Serot JM, Barbe F, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Franck P, Montagne P, Nicolas JP: Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1585-7.

pubmed_id:16227558

[12]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1998;105(4-5):479-88.

pubmed_id:9720975

[13]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44.

pubmed_id:12111441

[14]:

reference_text:Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203.

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[15]:

reference_text:Kristensen MO, Gulmann NC, Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K: Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993 Jun;87(6):475-81.

pubmed_id:8356878

[16]:

reference_text:Abe T, Tohgi H, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C: Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2002 Nov 1;70(3):447-50.

pubmed_id:12391605

[17]:

reference_text:Reichman ME, Judd JT, Longcope C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, Nair PP, Campbell WS, Taylor PR: Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 May 5;85(9):722-7.

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[18]:

reference_text:Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T: Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15;303(1-2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:21292280

[19]:

reference_text:Motawaj M, Peoc'h K, Callebert J, Arrang JM: CSF levels of the histamine metabolite tele-methylhistamine are only slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(3):861-71. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100381.

pubmed_id:20858978

[20]:

reference_text:Smach MA, Jacob N, Golmard JL, Charfeddine B, Lammouchi T, Ben Othman L, Dridi H, Bennamou S, Limem K: Folate and homocysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia: a case control study. Eur Neurol. 2011;65(5):270-8. doi: 10.1159/000326301. Epub 2011 Apr 8.

pubmed_id:21474939

[21]:

reference_text:Linnebank M, Popp J, Smulders Y, Smith D, Semmler A, Farkas M, Kulic L, Cvetanovska G, Blom H, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kolsch H, Weller M, Jessen F: S-adenosylmethionine is decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(6):373-8. doi: 10.1159/000309657. Epub 2010 Jun 3.

pubmed_id:20523031

[22]:

reference_text:Rosler N, Wichart I, Jellinger KA: Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2001;108(2):231-46.

pubmed_id:11314776

[23]:

reference_text:Sunderland T, Berrettini WH, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Martinez RA, Vitiello B, Tariot PN, Cohen RM: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A1-8 in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Jul 1;30(1):81-7.

pubmed_id:1716470

[24]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

2:

name:Frontotemporal dementia

omim_id:600274

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

3:

name:Lewy body disease

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

4:

name:Lung Cancer

omim_id:211980

[1]:

reference_text:Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7.

pubmed_id:22157537

[2]:

reference_text:Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:18953024

[3]:

reference_text:Chen Y, Ma Z, Min L, Li H, Wang B, Zhong J, Dai L: Biomarker identification and pathway analysis by serum metabolomics of lung cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:183624. doi: 10.1155/2015/183624. Epub 2015 Apr 16.

pubmed_id:25961003

5:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

6:

name:Schizophrenia

omim_id:181500

[1]:

reference_text:Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4.

pubmed_id:115032

[2]:

reference_text:Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74.

pubmed_id:7126379

[3]:

reference_text:Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7.

pubmed_id:2480613

[4]:

reference_text:Heresco-Levy U, Bar G, Levin R, Ermilov M, Ebstein RP, Javitt DC: High glycine levels are associated with prepulse inhibition deficits in chronic schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res. 2007 Mar;91(1-3):14-21. Epub 2007 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:17276036

[5]:

reference_text:Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7.

pubmed_id:11877547

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reference_text:Hashimoto K, Fukushima T, Shimizu E, Komatsu N, Watanabe H, Shinoda N, Nakazato M, Kumakiri C, Okada S, Hasegawa H, Imai K, Iyo M: Decreased serum levels of D-serine in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;60(6):572-6.

pubmed_id:12796220

[7]:

reference_text:Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62.

pubmed_id:7595563

[8]:

reference_text:Nikisch G, Baumann P, Wiedemann G, Kiessling B, Weisser H, Hertel A, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Mathe AA: Quetiapine and norquetiapine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients treated with quetiapine: correlations to clinical outcome and HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG in CSF. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Oct;30(5):496-503. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181f2288e.

pubmed_id:20814316

[9]:

reference_text:Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014.

pubmed_id:25004141

[10]:

reference_text:Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19.

pubmed_id:24713860

[11]:

reference_text:Ballesteros A, Summerfelt A, Du X, Jiang P, Chiappelli J, Tagamets M, O'Donnell P, Kochunov P, Hong LE: Electrophysiological intermediate biomarkers for oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;124(11):2209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.021. Epub 2013 Jun 30.

pubmed_id:23823132

[12]:

reference_text:Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82.

pubmed_id:2415198

[13]:

reference_text:Pickar D, Breier A, Hsiao JK, Doran AR, Wolkowitz OM, Pato CN, Konicki PE, Potter WZ: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma monoamine metabolites and their relation to psychosis. Implications for regional brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Jul;47(7):641-8.

pubmed_id:1694425

[14]:

reference_text:Prell GD, Green JP, Kaufmann CA, Khandelwal JK, Morrishow AM, Kirch DG, Linnoila M, Wyatt RJ: Histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic schizophrenia: their relationships to levels of other aminergic transmitters and ratings of symptoms. Schizophr Res. 1995 Jan;14(2):93-104.

pubmed_id:7711000

[15]:

reference_text:Kim YK, Myint AM, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Steinbusch H, Leonard B: Cytokine changes and tryptophan metabolites in medication-naive and medication-free schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology. 2009;59(2):123-9. doi: 10.1159/000213565. Epub 2009 Apr 22.

pubmed_id:19390223

[16]:

reference_text:Yang J, Chen T, Sun L, Zhao Z, Qi X, Zhou K, Cao Y, Wang X, Qiu Y, Su M, Zhao A, Wang P, Yang P, Wu J, Feng G, He L, Jia W, Wan C: Potential metabolite markers of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;18(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131. Epub 2011 Oct 25.

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[17]:

reference_text:Xuan J, Pan G, Qiu Y, Yang L, Su M, Liu Y, Chen J, Feng G, Fang Y, Jia W, Xing Q, He L: Metabolomic profiling to identify potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia and risperidone action. J Proteome Res. 2011 Dec 2;10(12):5433-43. doi: 10.1021/pr2006796. Epub 2011 Nov 8.

pubmed_id:22007635

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reference_text:Schwarz E, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Wang L, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Koethe D, Kranaster L, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, McAllister G, Spain M, Barnes A, van Beveren NJ, Baron-Cohen S, Steiner J, Torrey FE, Yolken RH, Bahn S: Identification of a biological signature for schizophrenia in serum. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 May;17(5):494-502. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.42. Epub 2011 Apr 12.

pubmed_id:21483431

[19]:

reference_text:Mathe AA, Eberhard G, Saaf J, Wetterberg L: Plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite--measured as 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta,16 xi-cyclo-PGE2--in twins with schizophrenic disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;21(11):1024-30.

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[20]:

reference_text:Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002 Jun;20(2):171-5.

pubmed_id:11979513

[21]:

reference_text:Zumarraga M, Davila R, Basterreche N, Arrue A, Goienetxea B, Zamalloa MI, Erkoreka L, Bustamante S, Inchausti L, Gonzalez-Torres MA, Guimon J: Catechol O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A genotypes, and plasma catecholamine metabolites in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Neurochem Int. 2010 May-Jun;56(6-7):774-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.015. Epub 2010 Mar 4.

pubmed_id:20206656

[22]:

reference_text:Peters JG: Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin spinal fluid metabolites in temporal lobe epileptic patients with schizophrenic symptomatology. Eur Neurol. 1979;18(1):15-8.

pubmed_id:436860

[23]:

reference_text:Yao JK, Dougherty GG Jr, Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Matson WR, Rozen S, Krishnan RR, McEvoy J, Kaddurah-Daouk R: Altered interactions of tryptophan metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;15(9):938-53. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.33. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:19401681

[24]:

reference_text:Gattaz WF, Waldmeier P, Beckmann H: CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982 Nov;66(5):350-60.

pubmed_id:6184954

[25]:

reference_text:Nilsson-Todd LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Skogh E, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male patients with schizophrenia - correlation with monoamine metabolites. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2007 Feb;19(1):45-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00170.x.

pubmed_id:26952797

[26]:

reference_text:Cai HL, Li HD, Yan XZ, Sun B, Zhang Q, Yan M, Zhang WY, Jiang P, Zhu RH, Liu YP, Fang PF, Xu P, Yuan HY, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS: Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the plasma and urine of first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients after treatment with risperidone. J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4338-50. doi: 10.1021/pr300459d. Epub 2012 Jul 26.

pubmed_id:22800120

[27]:

reference_text:Al Awam K, Haussleiter IS, Dudley E, Donev R, Brune M, Juckel G, Thome J: Multiplatform metabolome and proteome profiling identifies serum metabolite and protein signatures as prospective biomarkers for schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Aug;122 Suppl 1:S111-22. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1224-0. Epub 2014 May 1.

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reference_text:Bicikova M, Hill M, Ripova D, Mohr P, Hampl R: Determination of steroid metabolome as a possible tool for laboratory diagnosis of schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;133:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Aug 24.

pubmed_id:22944140

[29]:

reference_text:He Y, Yu Z, Giegling I, Xie L, Hartmann AM, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kahn R, Li Y, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Rujescu D: Schizophrenia shows a unique metabolomics signature in plasma. Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 14;2:e149. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.76.

pubmed_id:22892715

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reference_text:Kaddurah-Daouk R, McEvoy J, Baillie RA, Lee D, Yao JK, Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR: Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):934-45. Epub 2007 Apr 17.

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reference_text:Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE: Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Biomark Res. 2015 Feb 6;3:3. doi: 10.1186/s40364-015-0028-1. eCollection 2015.

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[32]:

reference_text:Oresic M, Seppanen-Laakso T, Sun D, Tang J, Therman S, Viehman R, Mustonen U, van Erp TG, Hyotylainen T, Thompson P, Toga AW, Huttunen MO, Suvisaari J, Kaprio J, Lonnqvist J, Cannon TD: Phospholipids and insulin resistance in psychosis: a lipidomics study of twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genome Med. 2012 Jan 18;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/gm300.

pubmed_id:22257447

7:

name:Amish lethal microcephaly

omim_id:607196

[1]:

reference_text:Kelley RI, Robinson D, Puffenberger EG, Strauss KA, Morton DH: Amish lethal microcephaly: a new metabolic disorder with severe congenital microcephaly and 2-ketoglutaric aciduria. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Nov 1;112(4):318-26. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10529.

pubmed_id:12376931

KEGG数据库编号
C00417
DrugBank数据库编号
foodb数据库编号
FDB008306
ChemSpider数据库编号
558863
公共化学化合物编号
643757
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
32805
knapsack数据库编号
C00001177
维基百科编号
Citric acid cycle
代谢途径的数据库编号
CIS-ACONITATE
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
梅林编号
5130
虚拟机身份证编号
HC00342
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
Gutierrez, Eddie N.; Lamberti, Vincent. cis and trans Aconitic acids and their salts. U.S. (1978), 16 pp.
一般参考
1:

protein_accession:HMDBP00725

name:Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q99798

gene_name:ACO2

protein_type:Enzyme

2:

protein_accession:HMDBP00726

name:Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase

uniprot_id:P21399

gene_name:ACO1

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合
1:

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

2:

reference_text:Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58.

pubmed_id:14708889

3:

reference_text:Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6.

pubmed_id:8087979

4:

reference_text:Swart PJ, Kuipers EM, Smit C, Van Der Strate BW, Harmsen MC, Meijer DK: Lactoferrin. Antiviral activity of lactoferrin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;443:205-13.

pubmed_id:9781360

5:

reference_text:Stromme JH, Borud O, Moe PJ: Fatal lactic acidosis in a newborn attributable to a congenital defect of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Pediatr Res. 1976 Jan;10(1):62-6.

pubmed_id:813176

6:

reference_text:Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4.

pubmed_id:9693263

7:

reference_text:Swart PJ, Kuipers ME, Smit C, Pauwels R, deBethune MP, de Clercq E, Meijer DK, Huisman JG: Antiviral effects of milk proteins: acylation results in polyanionic compounds with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in vitro. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996 Jun 10;12(9):769-75.

pubmed_id:8738428

8:

reference_text:Matsuishi T, Urabe F, Percy AK, Komori H, Yamashita Y, Schultz RS, Ohtani Y, Kuriya N, Kato H: Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid in Rett syndrome. J Child Neurol. 1994 Jan;9(1):26-30.

pubmed_id:8151077

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