人类代谢组数据库

版本

5.0

创建日期

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

更新日期

2021-09-14 15:19:06 UTC

登录号

HMDB0000067

地位

quantified

二级访问

HMDB0000507

HMDB00067

HMDB00507

HMDB0062453

HMDB62453

名称

Cholesterol

描述

Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with cholesterol has always been specifically with cholesterol transport patterns, not total cholesterol per se. For example, total cholesterol can be low, yet made up primarily of small LDL and small HDL particles and atheroma growth rates are high. In contrast, however, if LDL particle number is low (mostly large particles) and a large percentage of the HDL particles are large (HDL is actively reverse transporting cholesterol), then atheroma growth rates are usually low, even negative, for any given total cholesterol concentration. These effects are further complicated by the relative concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the endothelium since ADMA down-regulates production of nitric oxide, a relaxant of the endothelium. Thus, high levels of ADMA, associated with highly oxidized levels of LDL, pose a heightened risk factor for vascular disease. Chronically high levels of cholesterol are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, cholesteryl ester storage disease, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, hypercholesterolemia, and Zellweger syndrome. In chronically high levels, cholesterol can function as an atherogen (causes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease). Specifically, chronically high levels (from diet or from genetic predisposition or from diseases such as hyperlipidemia) of cholesterol and cholesterol esters lead to an excess of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Resistin, a protein secreted by fat tissue, has been shown to increase the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver. As a result, the liver is less able to clear cholesterol from the bloodstream. Resistin accelerates the accumulation of LDL in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Cholesterol is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic.

同义词

1:(3beta,14beta,17alpha)-Cholest-5-en-3-ol

2:Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol

3:Cholesterin

4:(3b,14b,17a)-Cholest-5-en-3-ol

5:(3Β,14β,17α)-cholest-5-en-3-ol

6:Cholest-5-en-3b-ol

7:Cholest-5-en-3β-ol

8:(3Β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol

9:(3beta)-Cholest-5-en-3-ol

10:3Β-hydroxycholest-5-ene

11:3beta-Hydroxycholest-5-ene

12:5:6-Cholesten-3β-ol

13:5:6-Cholesten-3beta-ol

14:(-)-Cholesterol

15:Cholesterine

16:Cholesterol base H

17:Cholesteryl alcohol

18:Cholestrin

19:Cholestrol

20:Cordulan

21:Dastar

22:Dusoline

23:Dusoran

24:Dythol

25:Fancol CH

26:Hydrocerin

27:Kathro

28:Lanol

29:Super hartolan

30:Tegolan

31:Cholesterol

32:delta5-Cholesten-3beta-ol

33:Δ5-Cholesten-3β-ol

化学式

C27H46O

平均分子量

386.6535

等位分子量

386.354866094

化学名称

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

传统名称

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

CAS 登记号

57-88-5

代谢物结构字符串

[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C

inchi标识符

InChI=1S/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9,18-19,21-25,28H,6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1

印记键

HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N

分类学

description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core.

description:Cholesterols and derivatives

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Lipids and lipid-like molecules

class:Steroids and steroid derivatives

sub_class:Cholestane steroids

molecular_framework:Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds

1:3-beta-hydroxy delta-5-steroids

2:3-beta-hydroxysteroids

3:Cyclic alcohols and derivatives

4:Delta-5-steroids

5:Hydrocarbon derivatives

6:Secondary alcohols

7:3-beta-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid

8:3-beta-hydroxysteroid

9:3-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid

10:3-hydroxysteroid

11:Alcohol

12:Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound

13:Cholesterol

14:Cholesterol-skeleton

15:Cyclic alcohol

16:Delta-5-steroid

17:Hydrocarbon derivative

18:Hydroxysteroid

19:Organic oxygen compound

20:Organooxygen compound

21:Secondary alcohol

22:3beta-sterol

23:Cholestane and derivatives

24:Cholesterol and derivatives

25:Cholesterol and derivatives

26:cholestane

27:cholestanoid

本体论

term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Chest pain

definition:A disorder characterized by marked discomfort sensation in the chest wall region, either due to cardiac event or for other reasons. (nci ctcae).

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Multiple sclerosis

definition:A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Encephalomyelitis disseminata

synonym:Disseminated sclerosis

synonym:Ms

term:Schizophrenia

definition:A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cholelithiasis

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Gallstones

term:Gallbladder disease

definition:A gastrointestinal system disease that is located in the gallbladder. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Gallstone disease

synonym:Gall-bladder disease

term:Cystinosis

definition:A lysosomal storage disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes. it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and has material basis in mutations in the ctns gene, located on chromosome 17. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cystinosis

synonym:Early-onset or infantile nephropathic type

synonym:Late onset type

synonym:Ocular nonnephropathic

synonym:Cystonisis

synonym:Benign nonnephropathic

term:Hypocholesterolemia

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

definition:A xanthomatosis that is characterized by a deficiency in the production of the bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid that has material basis in autosomal recessive inheritance and results in cholestanol deposition in the brain and other tissues and with elevated levels of cholesterol in plasma. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Ctx

term:Metabolic syndrome

definition:A disorder combining several conditions: cebtral obesity, elevated fasting glucose, triglyceridemia, low hdl, and high blood pressure. it increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. (nci).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Chaos

synonym:Reaven's syndrome

synonym:Insulin resistance

synonym:Insulin resistance syndrome

synonym:Syndrome x

synonym:Metabolic syndrome x

term:Cardiac disorders

definition:Any disorder that affects the heart.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:General disorders and administration site conditions

definition:Any disorder that was not classified under a specific system.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Metabolism and nutrition disorders

definition:A group of disorders, inherited or not, that result in a metabolic malfunction.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Nervous system disorders

definition:Any disorder (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Psychiatric disorders

definition:A group of disorders characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. the symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia. (nci).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cancer

definition:A group of disorders characterized by the presense of malignant neoplasm.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Synthetic

definition:A man-made product or sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Personal care product

definition:

parent_id:7742

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pcp

synonym:Toiletries

synonym:Toiletry

synonym:Personal hygiene

synonym:Beautification product

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:All tissues

definition:All tissues in the body of the organism.

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Hepatic tissue

definition:The tissue of the liver. It includes the hepatic lobules, hepatic sinusoids, perisinusoidal spaces, and portal triad. The hepatic lobules are composed of hepatocytes. (NCI Thesaurus).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Liver tissue

term:Adipose tissue

definition:A specialized form of connective tissue consisting primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), surrounded by a meshwork of collagen fibers. (NCI)

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fat tissue

synonym:Body fat

synonym:Adipose

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Bile

definition:Fluid composed of waste products, bile acids, salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. it is secreted by the liver parenchyma and stored in the gallbladder. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Membrane

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Lysosome

definition:В A sac-like compartment inside a cell that has enzymes that can break down cellular components that need to be destroyed. (NCI).

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Endoplasmic reticulum

definition:A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. (Infoplease Dictionary via NCI)

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Er

term:Golgi

definition:A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Golgi apparatus

synonym:Golgi complex

synonym:Golgi ribbon

term:Cell membrane

definition:A cellular compartment that separates a cellВ interiorВ from its exterior.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cellular membrane

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical process

definition:A biological process occurring at the subcellular level, involving biochemical reactions.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Chemical reaction

definition:A defined chemical event that occurs within or between organism cells.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Multicellular process

definition:A biological process occurring in multiple cells, of similar or different type.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cellular process

definition:A biological process occurring within a cell or its surroundings.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Indirect biological role

definition:An indirect function of a chemical which affect the physiological state of any organism (apart from the source organism, if of biological source).

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Atherogen

definition:A chemical substance that leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

parent_id:7691

**level:3

type:child

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Personal care products

definition:Cosmetics and personal hygene products in which a chemical was incorportaed during the manufacturing process.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Surfactant

definition:A chemical substance that has the ability to lower the surface tension of water or to reduce the interfacial tension between two immiscible substances. in the cspa consumer product ingredients dictionary, surfactants are classified on the basis of their ionic characteristics, as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, or nonionic; and functions, which are subdivided into the following major groups: surfactant - cleaning agent, surfactant - conditioning agent, surfactant - emulsifying agent, surfactant - foam booster , surfactant hydrotrop , surfactant - solubility agent, surfactant - suspending agent.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Surface-active agent

term:Emulsifier

definition:Substances that promote the formation and stability of a suspension of fine particles of a liquid in another liquid.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Membrane stabilizer

definition:A chemical substance that supports the formation and maintenance of a structurally-sound and functioning cell or organelle membrane. Phospholipids form a bilayer and maintain the stability of the membrane structure together with proteins, and other lipids (i.e. cholesterol) which further strengthen it and decrease its permeability.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Membrane stability agent

synonym:Membrane integrity agent

term:Energy source

definition:

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Energy storage

definition:A chemical substance which can be utilized for production of energy in the organism.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Inflammatory

definition:a chemical substance or preparation that triggers an immune response expressed as inflammation in the body of animals and humans.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Inflammation agent

term:Molecular messenger

definition: a chemical substance that is involved in transmission of biochemical signals.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:parent

term:Signaling molecule

definition:A chemical substance that particpiates in signal transduction processes in a living cell.

parent_id:7677

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Signalling molecule

synonym:Signaling agent

synonym:Cell signaling agent

状态

Solid

实验性质

kind:water_solubility

value:9.5e-05 mg/mL

source:

kind:melting_point

value:148 °C

source:

预测性质

kind:logp

value:7.02

source:ALOGPS

kind:logs

value:-7.14

source:ALOGPS

kind:solubility

value:2.790E-05 g/L

source:ALOGPS

kind:logp

value:7.11

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:18.2

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:-1.4

source:ChemAxon

kind:iupac

value:(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

source:ChemAxon

kind:average_mass

value:386.6535

source:ChemAxon

kind:mono_mass

value:386.354866094

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C27H46O

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C27H46O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h9,18-19,21-25,28H,6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:20.23

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:120.62

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:50.64

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:5

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:1

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:1

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:4

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:No

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

光谱

生物学性质

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Endoplasmic reticulum

cellular:(3):Extracellular

cellular:(4):Golgi apparatus

cellular:(5):Lysosome

cellular:(6):Membrane

cellular:(7):Mitochondria

biospecimen:(1):Bile

biospecimen:(2):Blood

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Feces

biospecimen:(5):Saliva

biospecimen:(6):Urine

tissue:(1):All Tissues

tissue:(2):Placenta

tissue:(3):Prostate

[1]:

name:11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP11B1)

smpdb_id:SMP00575

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP17)

smpdb_id:SMP00566

kegg_map_id:

[3]:

name:21-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP21)

smpdb_id:SMP00576

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:27-Hydroxylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00720

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00718

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Adrenal Hyperplasia Type 3 or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00373

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Adrenal Hyperplasia Type 5 or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 17 Alpha-hydroxylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00372

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:Alendronate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00095

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00717

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:Atorvastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00131

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX)

smpdb_id:SMP00315

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:Cerivastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00111

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:CHILD Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00387

kegg_map_id:

[14]:

name:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

smpdb_id:SMP00508

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:Chondrodysplasia Punctata II, X Linked Dominant (CDPX2)

smpdb_id:SMP00388

kegg_map_id:

[16]:

name:Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00314

kegg_map_id:

[17]:

name:Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III

smpdb_id:SMP00318

kegg_map_id:

[18]:

name:Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia (CLAH) or Lipoid CAH

smpdb_id:SMP00371

kegg_map_id:

[19]:

name:Corticosterone methyl oxidase I deficiency (CMO I)

smpdb_id:SMP00577

kegg_map_id:

[20]:

name:Corticosterone methyl oxidase II deficiency - CMO II

smpdb_id:SMP00578

kegg_map_id:

[21]:

name:Desmosterolosis

smpdb_id:SMP00386

kegg_map_id:

[22]:

name:Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA)

smpdb_id:SMP00317

kegg_map_id:

[23]:

name:Fluvastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00119

kegg_map_id:

[24]:

name:Hyper-IgD syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00509

kegg_map_id:

[25]:

name:Hypercholesterolemia

smpdb_id:SMP00209

kegg_map_id:

[26]:

name:Ibandronate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00079

kegg_map_id:

[27]:

name:Lovastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00099

kegg_map_id:

[28]:

name:Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (Wolman Disease)

smpdb_id:SMP00319

kegg_map_id:

[29]:

name:Mevalonic aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00510

kegg_map_id:

[30]:

name:Pamidronate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00117

kegg_map_id:

[31]:

name:Pravastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00089

kegg_map_id:

[32]:

name:Primary bile acid biosynthesis

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00120

[33]:

name:Risedronate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00112

kegg_map_id:

[34]:

name:Rosuvastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00092

kegg_map_id:

[35]:

name:Simvastatin Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00082

kegg_map_id:

[36]:

name:Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS)

smpdb_id:SMP00389

kegg_map_id:

[37]:

name:Steroid Biosynthesis

smpdb_id:SMP00023

kegg_map_id:map00100

[38]:

name:Steroidogenesis

smpdb_id:SMP00130

kegg_map_id:map00140

[39]:

name:Wolman disease

smpdb_id:SMP00511

kegg_map_id:

[40]:

name:Zellweger Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00316

kegg_map_id:

[41]:

name:Zoledronate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00107

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度

biospecimen:Bile

concentration_value:11500(10000-13000)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:>6207.108

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<4400

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1189.70-3232.87

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0 - <14 days old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1655.23-6129.52

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (15 days - <1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2896.65-5379.49

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - <19 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1086.24-2819.062

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0 - <14 days old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5700.0 (4500.0-6700.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3801.854 (2870.787-4732.920)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3620.813-4551.879

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<5172.590

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<5172.590

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3900-6500

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4409.633 +/- 788.820

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3760 +/- 98

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:820 +/- 9

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4750 (4220-5230)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1920 +/- 1290

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3080-5400

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0-5193.280

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.0-5200

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.0-5200

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4850 +/- 1020

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4960 +/- 1170

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3879.442 +/- 905.203

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4008.757 +/- 750.0255

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1230 +/- 250

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:430-610

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:390-570

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5000.0 (4500.0-5500.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:4.30 (3.90-4.70)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:8.32 (7.88-8.76)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:<1.00

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

45:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

46:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度

biospecimen:Bile

concentration_value:13100 (10900-15300)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Gallstone disease

biospecimen:Bile

concentration_value:13900 (13100-14700)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cholesterol stones

biospecimen:Bile

concentration_value:15110 (9860-20360)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Stomach cancer

biospecimen:Bile

concentration_value:16700 (14100-19300)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Gallstone disease

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5896.753

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:8198.555

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Prostate cancer

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5700.0 (5200.0-6200.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hypercholesterolemia

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2689.747-16035.0288

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4060

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<5172.590

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hyperlipidemia

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:>5172.590

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinosis

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4836.372 +/- 1215.559

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinosis

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:7725.263 +/- 1629.366

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hypercholesterolemia, familial

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3801.854

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Primary Familial Xanthomatosis With Involvement and Calcification of the Adrenals

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4141.0 (3105.0-5176.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:9317.8 (7764.8-10870.8)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:8000.0 (6000.0-10000.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinosis

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4319.113

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:27-hydroxylase deficiency

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4629.468

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Primary Hypomagnesemia

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3200.0 (2600.0-4100.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2198.351-2405.254

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:SC4MOL deficiency

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2844.924 (2689.747-16035.0288)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cholesteryl ester storage disease

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4474.29

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked dominant

25:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4189.798

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Desmosterolosis

26:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1293.147

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Donohue Syndrome

27:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4991.549

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Leptin Deficiency or Dysfunction

28:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2190

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Abetalipoproteinemia

29:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

30:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4250.0585 +/- 658.471

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency

31:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4980 +/- 2730

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

32:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4920 +/- 3640

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

33:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2190-2940

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lecithin:cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency

34:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4750 (4210-5930)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lipodystrophy

35:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4580 (3740-6040)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized

36:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5720 (3830-10030)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe

37:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5060 (4390-6260)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Familial partial lipodystrophy

38:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4100

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Lathosterolosis

39:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4630 (4030-5460)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Partial lipodystrophy

40:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5715.712

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:27-hydroxylase deficiency

41:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:400

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

42:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2680 +/- 1850

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:

patient_information:Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency

43:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

44:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:1.1

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

45:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:10.9 +/- 2.7

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Multiple Sclerosis

46:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Inflammatory bowel disease

47:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

48:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cryptosporidium infection

49:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

50:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Clostridium difficile infection

51:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal Cancer

52:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Bladder cancer

疾病参考

name:Gallbladder disease

omim_id:

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reference_text:Conboy E, Vairo F, Schultz M, Agre K, Ridsdale R, Deyle D, Oglesbee D, Gavrilov D, Klee EW, Lanpher B: Mitochondrial 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency: Unique Presenting Laboratory Values and a Review of Biochemical and Clinical Features. JIMD Rep. 2017 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/8904_2017_59.

pubmed_id:29030856

17:

name:Hypercholesterolemia, familial

omim_id:143890

[1]:

reference_text:Kwiterovich PO Jr, Fredrickson DS, Levy RI: Familial hypercholesterolemia (one form of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia). A study of its biochemical, genetic and clinical presentation in childhood. J Clin Invest. 1974 May;53(5):1237-49. doi: 10.1172/JCI107670.

pubmed_id:4363406

18:

name:SC4MOL deficiency

omim_id:616834

[1]:

reference_text:He M, Kratz LE, Michel JJ, Vallejo AN, Ferris L, Kelley RI, Hoover JJ, Jukic D, Gibson KM, Wolfe LA, Ramachandran D, Zwick ME, Vockley J: Mutations in the human SC4MOL gene encoding a methyl sterol oxidase cause psoriasiform dermatitis, microcephaly, and developmental delay. J Clin Invest. 2011 Mar;121(3):976-84. doi: 10.1172/JCI42650.

pubmed_id:21285510

19:

name:Chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked dominant

omim_id:302960

[1]:

reference_text:Aughton DJ, Kelley RI, Metzenberg A, Pureza V, Pauli RM: X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) caused by single gene mosaicism in a male. Am J Med Genet A. 2003 Jan 30;116A(3):255-60. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10852.

pubmed_id:12503102

20:

name:Desmosterolosis

omim_id:602398

[1]:

reference_text:Andersson HC, Kratz L, Kelley R: Desmosterolosis presenting with multiple congenital anomalies and profound developmental delay. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Dec 15;113(4):315-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.10873.

pubmed_id:12457401

21:

name:Donohue Syndrome

omim_id:246200

[1]:

reference_text:Nijim Y, Awni Y, Adawi A, Bowirrat A: Classic Case Report of Donohue Syndrome (Leprechaunism; OMIM *246200): The Impact of Consanguineous Mating. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Feb;95(6):e2710. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002710.

pubmed_id:26871809

22:

name:Leptin Deficiency or Dysfunction

omim_id:614962

[1]:

reference_text:Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, Lawrence E, Cheetham CH, Prentice AM, Hughes IA, McCamish MA, O'Rahilly S: Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):879-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909163411204.

pubmed_id:10486419

23:

name:Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

omim_id:310200

[1]:

reference_text:Nakagawa T, Takeuchi A, Kakiuchi R, Lee T, Yagi M, Awano H, Iijima K, Takeshima Y, Urade Y, Matsuo M: A prostaglandin D2 metabolite is elevated in the urine of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and increases further from 8 years old. Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Aug 23;423:10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.031. Epub 2013 Apr 19.

pubmed_id:23603101

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reference_text:Srivastava NK, Pradhan S, Mittal B, Gowda GA: High resolution NMR based analysis of serum lipids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and its possible diagnostic significance. NMR Biomed. 2010 Jan;23(1):13-22. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1419.

pubmed_id:19787747

[3]:

reference_text:Horster I, Weigt-Usinger K, Carmann C, Chobanyan-Jurgens K, Kohler C, Schara U, Kayacelebi AA, Beckmann B, Tsikas D, Lucke T: The L-arginine/NO pathway and homoarginine are altered in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and improved by glucocorticoids. Amino Acids. 2015 Sep;47(9):1853-63. doi: 10.1007/s00726-015-2018-x. Epub 2015 Jun 12.

pubmed_id:26066683

24:

name:Lecithin:cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency

omim_id:245900

[1]:

reference_text:Idzior-Walus B, Sieradzki J, Kostner G, Malecki MT, Klupa T, Wesolowska T, Rostworowski W, Hartwich J, Walus M, Kiec AD, Naruszewicz M: Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: biochemical characteristics and molecular analysis of a new LCAT mutation in a Polish family. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Apr;185(2):413-20. Epub 2005 Jul 26.

pubmed_id:16051254

25:

name:Lipodystrophy

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Akinci G, Topaloglu H, Demir T, Danyeli AE, Talim B, Keskin FE, Kadioglu P, Talip E, Altay C, Yaylali GF, Bilen H, Nur B, Demir L, Onay H, Akinci B: Clinical spectra of neuromuscular manifestations in patients with lipodystrophy: A multicenter study. Neuromuscul Disord. 2017 Oct;27(10):923-930. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.05.015. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

pubmed_id:28754454

26:

name:Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized

omim_id:608594

[1]:

pubmed_id:28754454

27:

name:Oculocerebrorenal syndrome

omim_id:309000

[1]:

reference_text:Charnas LR, Bernardini I, Rader D, Hoeg JM, Gahl WA: Clinical and laboratory findings in the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, with special reference to growth and renal function. N Engl J Med. 1991 May 9;324(19):1318-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199105093241904.

pubmed_id:2017228

28:

name:Familial partial lipodystrophy

omim_id:608600

[1]:

pubmed_id:28754454

29:

name:Lathosterolosis

omim_id:607330

[1]:

reference_text:Brunetti-Pierri N, Corso G, Rossi M, Ferrari P, Balli F, Rivasi F, Annunziata I, Ballabio A, Russo AD, Andria G, Parenti G: Lathosterolosis, a novel multiple-malformation/mental retardation syndrome due to deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta5-desaturase. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Oct;71(4):952-8. Epub 2002 Aug 20.

pubmed_id:12189593

[2]:

reference_text:Ho AC, Fung CW, Siu TS, Ma OC, Lam CW, Tam S, Wong VC: Lathosterolosis: a disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis resembling smith-lemli-opitz syndrome. JIMD Rep. 2014;12:129-34. doi: 10.1007/8904_2013_255. Epub 2013 Oct 20.

pubmed_id:24142275

30:

name:Partial lipodystrophy

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:28754454

31:

name:Multiple sclerosis

omim_id:126200

[1]:

reference_text:Lutz NW, Viola A, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Audoin B, Ranjeva JP, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ: Inflammatory multiple-sclerosis plaques generate characteristic metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One. 2007 Jul 4;2(7):e595.

pubmed_id:17611627

[2]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[3]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Lutjohann D, Masterman T: Levels of 7-oxocholesterol in cerebrospinal fluid are more than one thousand times lower than reported in multiple sclerosis. J Lipid Res. 2005 Feb;46(2):191-5. Epub 2004 Dec 1.

pubmed_id:15576852

[4]:

reference_text:Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Ravagna A, Bella R, Butterfield DA, Calvani M, Pennisi G, Giuffrida Stella AM: Disruption of thiol homeostasis and nitrosative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis: evidence for a protective role of acetylcarnitine. Neurochem Res. 2003 Sep;28(9):1321-8.

pubmed_id:12938853

[5]:

reference_text:Shaw CE, Dunbar PR, Macaulay HA, Neale TJ: Measurement of immune markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients during clinical remission. J Neurol. 1995 Jan;242(2):53-8.

pubmed_id:7707089

[6]:

reference_text:Obeid R, Kasoha M, Knapp JP, Kostopoulos P, Becker G, Fassbender K, Herrmann W: Folate and methylation status in relation to phosphorylated tau protein(181P) and beta-amyloid(1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 2007 Jun;53(6):1129-36. Epub 2007 Mar 23.

pubmed_id:17384003

[7]:

reference_text:Syburra C, Passi S: Oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 1999 May-Jun;71(3):112-5.

pubmed_id:10609336

[8]:

reference_text:Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6.

pubmed_id:16244395

[9]:

reference_text:Toncev G, Milicic B, Toncev S, Samardzic G: Serum uric acid levels in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with activity of disease and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Eur J Neurol. 2002 May;9(3):221-6.

pubmed_id:11985629

[10]:

reference_text:Anagnostouli M, Livaniou E, Nyalala JO, Evangelatos G, Zournas C, Ithakissios DS, Papageorgiou C: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of biotin in various neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999 Jun;99(6):387-92.

pubmed_id:10577274

[11]:

reference_text:Scalabrino G, Galimberti D, Mutti E, Scalabrini D, Veber D, De Riz M, Bamonti F, Capello E, Mancardi GL, Scarpini E: Loss of epidermal growth factor regulation by cobalamin in multiple sclerosis. Brain Res. 2010 May 28;1333:64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.073. Epub 2010 Mar 27.

pubmed_id:20347721

[12]:

reference_text:Matsushita T, Isobe N, Kawajiri M, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Horiuchi M, Ohyagi Y, Kira J: CSF angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in anti-aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Aug 15;295(1-2):41-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.05.014. Epub 2010 Jun 11.

pubmed_id:20541774

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reference_text:Ghabaee M, Jabedari B, Al-E-Eshagh N, Ghaffarpour M, Asadi F: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci. 2010 Apr;120(4):301-4. doi: 10.3109/00207451003695690.

pubmed_id:20374079

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reference_text:Kawajiri M, Mogi M, Osoegawa M, Matsuoka T, Tsukuda K, Kohara K, Horiuchi M, Miki T, Kira JI: Reduction of angiotensin II in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008 May;14(4):557-60. doi: 10.1177/1352458507085760.

pubmed_id:18562510

[15]:

reference_text:Visconti A, Cotichini R, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Forte G, Ghazaryan A, Santucci S, D'Ippolito C, Stazi MA, Salvetti M, Alimonti A, Ristori G: Concentration of elements in serum of patients affected by multiple sclerosis with first demyelinating episode: a six-month longitudinal follow-up study. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):217-22.

pubmed_id:16244396

32:

name:Inflammatory bowel disease

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:26848182

[2]:

reference_text:Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158.

pubmed_id:27609529

33:

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

[1]:

pubmed_id:7482520

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reference_text:Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345.

pubmed_id:19006102

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reference_text:Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013.

pubmed_id:23940645

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reference_text:Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

pubmed_id:24424155

[5]:

reference_text:Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13.

pubmed_id:20156336

[6]:

reference_text:Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162.

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[7]:

reference_text:Cheng Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Zou X, Zheng M, Tan B, Feng B, Dong T, He P, Zhao L, Zhao A, Xu LX, Zhang Y, Jia W: Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1354-63. doi: 10.1021/pr201001a. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

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reference_text:Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

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reference_text:Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016.

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reference_text:Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762.

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reference_text:Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016.

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reference_text:Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

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reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

KEGG数据库编号

C00187

DrugBank数据库编号

DB04540

foodb数据库编号

FDB013269

ChemSpider数据库编号

公共化学化合物编号

5997

PDB数据库编号

生物利益的化学实体数据库编号

16113

knapsack数据库编号

C00003648

维基百科编号

Cholesterol

代谢途径的数据库编号

CHOLESTEROL

苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号

比格数据库编号

梅林编号

虚拟机身份证编号

CHSTEROL

fbonto数据库编号

综合参考

Zhu, Yongming; Qin, Liena; Liu, Rui. Simple method for synthesis cholesterol from Diosgenin. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2006), 9 pp.

一般参考

protein_accession:HMDBP00069

name:Phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase

uniprot_id:P04180

gene_name:LCAT

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00227

name:Lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase

uniprot_id:P38571

gene_name:LIPA

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00241

name:Bile salt-activated lipase

uniprot_id:P19835

gene_name:CEL

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00355

name:Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1

uniprot_id:O00204

gene_name:SULT2B1

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00493

name:Steryl-sulfatase

uniprot_id:P08842

gene_name:STS

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00499

name:Sterol O-acyltransferase 2

uniprot_id:O75908

gene_name:SOAT2

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00502

name:Cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase

uniprot_id:P22680

gene_name:CYP7A1

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00504

name:Sterol O-acyltransferase 1

uniprot_id:P35610

gene_name:SOAT1

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00548

name:7-dehydrocholesterol reductase

uniprot_id:Q9UBM7

gene_name:DHCR7

protein_type:Enzyme

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP00724

name:Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P05108

gene_name:CYP11A1

protein_type:Unknown

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP01037

name:Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q02318

gene_name:CYP27A1

protein_type:Unknown

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP01618

name:ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1

uniprot_id:O95477

gene_name:ABCA1

protein_type:Unknown

13:

protein_accession:HMDBP01620

name:Apolipoprotein A-I

uniprot_id:P02647

gene_name:APOA1

protein_type:Enzyme

14:

protein_accession:HMDBP01935

name:Delta(24)-sterol reductase

uniprot_id:Q15392

gene_name:DHCR24

protein_type:Unknown

15:

protein_accession:HMDBP02101

name:Multidrug resistance protein 1

uniprot_id:P08183

gene_name:ABCB1

protein_type:Transporter

16:

protein_accession:HMDBP02257

name:ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

uniprot_id:Q9UNQ0

gene_name:ABCG2

protein_type:Transporter

17:

protein_accession:HMDBP02591

name:Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha

uniprot_id:P35398

gene_name:RORA

protein_type:Enzyme

18:

protein_accession:HMDBP03049

name:Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase

uniprot_id:O95992

gene_name:CH25H

protein_type:Unknown

19:

protein_accession:HMDBP05063

name:Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase

uniprot_id:Q9Y6A2

gene_name:CYP46A1

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合

pubmed_id:19212411

pubmed_id:9266395

reference_text:Bjorkhem I, Heverin M, Leoni V, Meaney S, Diczfalusy U: Oxysterols and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2006;185:43-9.

pubmed_id:16866910

reference_text:Ellis D, Lloyd C, Becker DJ, Forrest KY, Orchard TJ: The changing course of diabetic nephropathy: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure correlate with regression of proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Jun;27(6):809-18.

pubmed_id:8651245

reference_text:Gil'miiarova FN, Pervova IuV, Radomskaia VM, Gergel' NI, Tarasova SV: [Levels of unified metabolites and thyroid hormones in blood and oral fluid of children with minimal brain dysfunction]. Biomed Khim. 2004 Mar-Apr;50(2):204-10.

pubmed_id:15179829

reference_text:Thelen KM, Falkai P, Bayer TA, Lutjohann D: Cholesterol synthesis rate in human hippocampus declines with aging. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jul 31;403(1-2):15-9. Epub 2006 May 15.

pubmed_id:16701946

reference_text:Schillaci G, Pirro M, Ronti T, Gemelli F, Pucci G, Innocente S, Porcellati C, Mannarino E: Prognostic impact of prolonged ventricular repolarization in hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Apr 24;166(8):909-13.

pubmed_id:16636218

pubmed_id:9027647

reference_text:Proksch GJ, Bonderman DP: Use of a cholesterol-rich bovine lipoprotein to enhance cholesterol concentrations in the preparation of serum control materials. Clin Chem. 1976 Aug;22(8):1302-5.

pubmed_id:985740

10:

reference_text:Sanchez E, Fernandez-D'Pool J: [Liver function in patients exposed to a toluene in a hydrocarbon processing plant]. Invest Clin. 1996 Dec;37(4):255-70.

pubmed_id:9004852

11:

pubmed_id:8462368

12:

reference_text:Bookman ID, Pham J, Guindi M, Heathcote EJ: Distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from fatty liver: serum-free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and serum lipoproteins. Liver Int. 2006 Jun;26(5):566-71.

pubmed_id:16762001

13:

reference_text:Nigg C, Gutzwiller F: [Cholesterol: blood level and control by Swiss physicians]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1995 Feb 25;125(8):355-60.

pubmed_id:7709184

14:

reference_text:Winocour PH, Durrington PN, Bhatnagar D, Ishola M, Mackness M, Arrol S: Influence of early diabetic nephropathy on very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition. Atherosclerosis. 1991 Jul;89(1):49-57.

pubmed_id:1772471

15:

reference_text:Hoffmann G, Gibson KM, Brandt IK, Bader PI, Wappner RS, Sweetman L: Mevalonic aciduria--an inborn error of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprene biosynthesis. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 19;314(25):1610-4.

pubmed_id:3012338

16:

reference_text:Markuszewski L, Rosiak M, Golanski J, Rysz J, Spychalska M, Watala C: Reduced blood platelet sensitivity to aspirin in coronary artery disease: are dyslipidaemia and inflammatory states possible factors predisposing to sub-optimal platelet response to aspirin? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 May;98(5):503-9.

pubmed_id:16635110

17:

pubmed_id:8591852

18:

pubmed_id:15576852

19:

reference_text:D'Amico G, Gentile MG: Effect of dietary manipulation on the lipid abnormalities and urinary protein loss in nephrotic patients. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1992;18(2-5):203-6.

pubmed_id:1465059

20:

reference_text:Pak CH, Oleneva VA, Agadzhanov SA: [Dietetic aspects of preventing urolithiasis in patients with gout and uric acid diathesis]. Vopr Pitan. 1985 Jan-Feb;(1):21-4.

pubmed_id:3885567

21:

reference_text:Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9.

pubmed_id:11413487

22:

reference_text:Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10.

pubmed_id:16902246

23:

reference_text:Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20.

pubmed_id:17374880

24:

reference_text:Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621.

pubmed_id:20044567

25:

reference_text:Dietschy JM, Turley SD: Thematic review series: brain Lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal. J Lipid Res. 2004 Aug;45(8):1375-97.

pubmed_id:15254070

26:

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