版本
5.0
创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-09-07 16:24:01 UTC
登录号
HMDB0000064
地位
quantified
二级访问
HMDB00064

名称
Creatine
描述
Creatine, is a naturally occurring non-protein compound. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Creatine is found in all vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its primary metabolic role is to combine with a phosphoryl group, via the enzyme creatine kinase, to generate phosphocreatine, which is used to regenerate ATP. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle (95%), while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, testes, and other tissues. Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it is naturally produced in the human body from the amino acids glycine and arginine, with an additional requirement for methionine to catalyze the transformation of guanidinoacetate to creatine. In the first step of its biosynthesis glycine and arginine are combined by the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) to form guanidinoacetate, which is then methylated by guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), using S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor. Creatine can also be obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. A cyclic form of creatine, called creatinine, exists in equilibrium with its tautomer and with creatine. Clinically, there are three distinct disorders of creatine metabolism. Deficiencies in the two synthesis enzymes (AGAT and GAMT) can cause L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency (caused by variants in AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (caused by variants in GAMT). Both disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A third defect, creatine transporter defect, is caused by mutations in SLC6A8 and inherited in a X-linked manner. Creatine is widely used as a supplement by athletes. Its use can increase maximum power and performance in high-intensity anaerobic repetitive work (periods of work and rest) by 5 to 15% (PMID: 24688272). Creatine has no significant effect on aerobic endurance, although it will increase power during short sessions of high-intensity aerobic exercise (PMID: 9662683).
同义词
1:((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid

2:(alpha-Methylguanido)acetic acid

3:(N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid

4:alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid

5:Creatin

6:Kreatin

7:Methylglycocyamine

8:N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine

9:N-[(e)-AMINO(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine

10:N-Amidinosarcosine

11:N-Carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine

12:N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine

13:((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetate

14:(a-Methylguanido)acetate

15:(a-Methylguanido)acetic acid

16:(alpha-Methylguanido)acetate

17:(Α-methylguanido)acetate

18:(Α-methylguanido)acetic acid

19:(N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetate

20:a-Methylguanidino acetate

21:a-Methylguanidino acetic acid

22:alpha-Methylguanidino acetate

23:Α-methylguanidino acetate

24:Α-methylguanidino acetic acid

25:Cosmocair C 100

26:Creatine hydrate

27:Krebiozon

28:Methylguanidoacetate

29:Methylguanidoacetic acid

30:N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl-glycine

31:Phosphagen

32:[[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetate

33:[[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetic acid

化学式
C4H9N3O2
平均分子量
131.1332
等位分子量
131.069476547
化学名称
2-(N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid
传统名称
creatine
CAS 登记号
57-00-1
代谢物结构字符串
CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C4H9N3O2/c1-7(4(5)6)2-3(8)9/h2H2,1H3,(H3,5,6)(H,8,9)
印记键
CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof.

description:Alpha amino acids and derivatives

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organic acids and derivatives

class:Carboxylic acids and derivatives

sub_class:Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:Carbonyl compounds

2:Carboximidamides

3:Carboxylic acids

4:Guanidines

5:Hydrocarbon derivatives

6:Imines

7:Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives

8:Organic oxides

9:Organopnictogen compounds

10:Aliphatic acyclic compound

11:Alpha-amino acid or derivatives

12:Carbonyl group

13:Carboximidamide

14:Carboxylic acid

15:Guanidine

16:Hydrocarbon derivative

17:Imine

18:Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives

19:Organic nitrogen compound

20:Organic oxide

21:Organic oxygen compound

22:Organonitrogen compound

23:Organooxygen compound

24:Organopnictogen compound

25:glycine derivative

26:guanidines

本体论
term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Attachment loss

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Missing teeth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Periodontal Probing Depth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Schizophrenia

definition:A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Rhabdomyolysis

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cirrhosis

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Liver cirrhosis

term:Uremia

definition:A disorder characterized by accummulation of solutes in the blood of people with chronic kidney disease. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Uraemia

term:Cancer

definition:A group of disorders characterized by the presense of malignant neoplasm.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Synthetic

definition:A man-made product or sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Personal care product

definition:

parent_id:7742

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pcp

synonym:Toiletries

synonym:Toiletry

synonym:Personal hygiene

synonym:Beautification product

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Heart

definition:A hollow muscular organ which receives the blood from the veins and pumps it into the arteries. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Intestine

definition:The portion of the gastrointestinal tract that includes the small and large intestines.

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Testicle

definition:Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Testes

synonym:Testis

term:Spleen

definition:An abdominal organ that is part of the hematopoietic and immune systems. it is composed of the white pulp and the red pulp and is surrounded by a capsule. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Bladder

definition:The distensible sac-like organ that functions as a reservoir of urine, collecting from the kidneys and eliminating via the urethra. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Brain

definition:An organ composed of grey and white matter that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. it is protected by the bony cranium. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Kidney

definition:The organs of the urinary tract located in the retroperitoneal cavity adjacent to the spine and composed of the renal cortex and the renal medulla. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Kidneys

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Epidermis

definition:The epithelial portion of the skin (cutis). it consists of the following layers: stratum corneum (horny layer), stratum granulosum (granular layer), stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer), and stratum basale (basal cell layer). (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Adipose tissue

definition:A specialized form of connective tissue consisting primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), surrounded by a meshwork of collagen fibers. (NCI)

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fat tissue

synonym:Body fat

synonym:Adipose

term:Skeletal muscle

definition:Striated muscles that are under voluntary control of the organism. they are connected at either or both ends to a bone and are utilized for locomotion and other movements. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Striated muscle

term:Muscle

definition:A fibrous soft tissue with the ability to contract to produce force and motion. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Sweat

definition:Secretion produced by a sweat gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Myelin sheath

definition:A layer of phospholipids and protein found on neuronal axons. this structure acts as an electrical insulator that allows nerve impulses to travel faster by increasing the resistance and decreasing the capacitance over that found in unmyelinated nerve fibers. (nci).

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Myelin

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Element

definition:

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cell

definition:

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:parent

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Metabolite

definition:A chemical substance produced during metabolism process, as an intermediate or end-product.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Personal care products

definition:Cosmetics and personal hygene products in which a chemical was incorportaed during the manufacturing process.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Nutritional supplement

definition:

parent_id:7687

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Nutraceutical

synonym:Dietary supplement

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

状态
Solid
实验性质
1:

kind:water_solubility

value:13.3 mg/mL at 18 °C

source:

2:

kind:melting_point

value:303 °C

source:

预测性质
1:

kind:logp

value:-1.59

source:ALOGPS

2:

kind:logs

value:-1.50

source:ALOGPS

3:

kind:solubility

value:4.11 g/L

source:ALOGPS

4:

kind:logp

value:-2.9

source:ChemAxon

5:

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:3.5

source:ChemAxon

6:

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:12.43

source:ChemAxon

7:

kind:iupac

value:2-(N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid

source:ChemAxon

8:

kind:average_mass

value:131.1332

source:ChemAxon

9:

kind:mono_mass

value:131.069476547

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C4H9N3O2

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C4H9N3O2/c1-7(4(5)6)2-3(8)9/h2H2,1H3,(H3,5,6)(H,8,9)

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:90.41

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:42.01

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:12.17

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:2

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:5

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

1:

type:Specdb::EiMs

spectrum_id:1033

2:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:23236

3:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31772

4:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31773

5:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:37276

6:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:99530

7:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:99531

8:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:136709

9:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:144443

10:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:948

11:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1122

12:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:105

13:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:106

14:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:107

15:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2716

16:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2717

17:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2718

18:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2719

19:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2720

20:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2721

21:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2722

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2723

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2724

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2725

25:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2726

26:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2727

27:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2728

28:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2729

29:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2730

30:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2731

31:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2732

32:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2733

33:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2734

34:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2735

35:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2736

36:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:2737

37:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1064

38:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142010

39:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142011

40:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142012

41:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142013

42:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142014

43:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142015

44:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142016

45:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142017

46:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142018

47:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142019

48:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142020

49:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142021

50:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142022

51:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142023

52:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142024

53:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142025

54:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142026

55:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142027

56:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142028

57:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142029

光谱
生物学性质
1:

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Extracellular

cellular:(3):Mitochondria

2:

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Feces

biospecimen:(5):Saliva

biospecimen:(6):Sweat

biospecimen:(7):Urine

3:

tissue:(1):Adipose Tissue

tissue:(2):Bladder

tissue:(3):Brain

tissue:(4):Epidermis

tissue:(5):Fibroblasts

tissue:(6):Heart

tissue:(7):Intestine

tissue:(8):Kidney

tissue:(9):Neuron

tissue:(10):Placenta

tissue:(11):Platelet

tissue:(12):Prostate

tissue:(13):Skeletal Muscle

tissue:(14):Spleen

tissue:(15):Testis

4:

[1]:

name:3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00721

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:Arginine and proline metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00330

[3]:

name:Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00362

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Creatine deficiency, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00504

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)

smpdb_id:SMP00179

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00242

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00484

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00260

[9]:

name:Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00188

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:Hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic

smpdb_id:SMP00485

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:Hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA)

smpdb_id:SMP00505

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]

smpdb_id:SMP00506

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00361

kegg_map_id:

[14]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00360

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00507

kegg_map_id:

[16]:

name:Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00223

kegg_map_id:

[17]:

name:Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00363

kegg_map_id:

[18]:

name:Prolidase Deficiency (PD)

smpdb_id:SMP00207

kegg_map_id:

[19]:

name:Prolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00208

kegg_map_id:

[20]:

name:Sarcosinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00244

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:54.8 +/- 21.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:87 +/- 19

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:30.1 +/- 12.3

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:10-44

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:30-80

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5-50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:17-109

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:84.0 +/- 23.2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:53.0 (17.0 - 82.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:32.22 +/- 16.42

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:74.0458 +/- 25.191

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:50.77(21.53)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:33.8-75.8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:36.7 +/- 28.3

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:51.6 +/- 24.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:44 +/- 13

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:8.32 +/- 3.30

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:30.12 +/- 18.36

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:23.2 +/- 29.4

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:30.7 +/- 14.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:33.9 +/- 45.9

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:25.94 +/- 9.75

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:113.0 (0.00-654.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:113(0-654)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.00082 +/- 0.0011

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<35

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.00-404.37

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

45:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:25-776

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

46:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10-1350

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

47:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:46 (3-448)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

48:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:26.0 (5.0-95.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

49:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:46.0 (9.0-135.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

50:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:11.30

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

51:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:106.76

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

52:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:497.145 +/- 435.142

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

53:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6-1208

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

54:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:11-244

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

55:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:17-720

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

56:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<70

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

57:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.66-455.3

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

58:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:13.68(4.63-104.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

59:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:14.93(4.74-455.8)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

60:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1-1.8

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

61:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

62:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:33.8 +/- 37.7

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Heart Transplant

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:40.3 (28.3-56.6)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Cirrhosis

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:528 +/- 42

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Hypermethioninemia

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:25.7 (16.5 - 30.8)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Cirrhosis

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:30.3 +/- 12.8

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:35.6 +/- 15.15

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:34.7 (10.6)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Early preeclampsia

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:37.4 (13.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:75

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:43.2 +/- 18.10

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:25.5 (11.41)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:23.84 (11.5)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1022.901 +/- 231.298

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Uremia

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:41.5 (5.9)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Late-onset preeclampsia

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:33.4 (15.6)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:121.89(372.94)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Pancreatic cancer

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:37.4 (13.3)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Down syndrome pregnancy

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:34.4 (11.8)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

22:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Crohns disease

23:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

24:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Unclassified IBD

25:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Irritable Bowel Syndrome

26:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Attachment loss 

27:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Missing teeth

28:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Periodontal Probing Depth

29:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:29.86 +/- 19.99

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

30:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:26.61 +/- 5.64

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Frontotemporal lobe dementia

31:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:19.48 +/- 12.88

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lewy body disease

32:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:screen-positive CF

33:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

34:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:37.0 (0.0-197.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lung cancer

35:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1540

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Rhabdomyolysis

36:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:233.588 +/- 539.846

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

37:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:31-40

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3

38:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:220

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1

39:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal adenoma

疾病参考
1:

name:Cirrhosis

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Kobayashi N, Katsumata H, Uto Y, Goto J, Niwa T, Kobayashi K, Mizuuchi Y: A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of glycolithocholic acid sulfate in human urine for liver function test. Steroids. 2002 Sep;67(10):827-33.

pubmed_id:12231118

[2]:

reference_text:Somogyi A, Siebert D, Bochner F: Determination of endogenous concentrations of N1-methylnicotinamide in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1990 May 15;187(1):160-5.

pubmed_id:2142586

[3]:

reference_text:Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6.

pubmed_id:12297216

[4]:

reference_text:Szebeni J, Eskelson C, Sampliner R, Hartmann B, Griffin J, Dormandy T, Watson RR: Plasma fatty acid pattern including diene-conjugated linoleic acid in ethanol users and patients with ethanol-related liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1986 Dec;10(6):647-50.

pubmed_id:3101533

[5]:

reference_text:Marescau B, De Deyn PP, Holvoet J, Possemiers I, Nagels G, Saxena V, Mahler C: Guanidino compounds in serum and urine of cirrhotic patients. Metabolism. 1995 May;44(5):584-8.

pubmed_id:7752905

[6]:

reference_text:Halperin G, Elisaf M, Leitersdorf E, Harats D: A new method for determination of serum cholestanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jun 9;742(2):345-52.

pubmed_id:10901139

[7]:

reference_text:Casazza JP, Frietas J, Stambuk D, Morgan MY, Veech RL: The measurement of 1,2-propanediol, D, L-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol in controls and alcoholic cirrhotics. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1987;1:607-9.

pubmed_id:3426740

[8]:

reference_text:Thornton JR, Losowsky MS: Plasma leucine enkephalin is increased in liver disease. Gut. 1989 Oct;30(10):1392-5.

pubmed_id:2583565

[9]:

reference_text:Hahn C, Reichel C, von Bergmann K: Serum concentration of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol as an indicator of bile acid synthesis in humans. J Lipid Res. 1995 Sep;36(9):2059-66.

pubmed_id:8558093

[10]:

reference_text:Pinna G, Meinhold H, Hiedra L, Thoma R, Hoell T, Graf KJ, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Eravci M, Prengel H, Brodel O, Finke R, Baumgartner A: Elevated 3,5-diiodothyronine concentrations in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses and brain tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1535-42.

pubmed_id:9141546

[11]:

reference_text:Tamasawa N, Tamasawa A, Takebe K: Higher levels of plasma cholesterol sulfate in patients with liver cirrhosis and hypercholesterolemia. Lipids. 1993 Sep;28(9):833-6.

pubmed_id:8231659

[12]:

reference_text:McClain CJ, Zieve L, Doizaki WM, Gilberstadt S, Onstad GR: Blood methanethiol in alcoholic liver disease with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Gut. 1980 Apr;21(4):318-23.

pubmed_id:7429293

[13]:

reference_text:Yonekura T, Kamata S, Wasa M, Okada A, Yamatodani A, Watanabe T, Wada H: Simultaneous determination of plasma phenethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tyramine and octopamine by high-performance liquid chromatography using derivatization with fluorescamine. J Chromatogr. 1988 Jun 3;427(2):320-5.

pubmed_id:3137238

[14]:

reference_text:Batta AK, Arora R, Salen G, Tint GS, Eskreis D, Katz S: Characterization of serum and urinary bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. J Lipid Res. 1989 Dec;30(12):1953-62.

pubmed_id:2621422

[15]:

reference_text:Yoshida Y: [Analysis of methionine metabolism studied by the gas chromatographic determination of 3-methylthiopropionate in urine and its clinical application]. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi. 1985 Mar;60(2):183-94.

pubmed_id:3997054

[16]:

reference_text:Afdhal NH, Keaveny AP, Cohen SB, Nunes DP, Maldonado N, O'Brien M, Stone PJ: Urinary assays for desmosine and hydroxylysylpyridinoline in the detection of cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1997 Dec;27(6):993-1002.

pubmed_id:9453424

[17]:

reference_text:Paroni R, Ceriotti F, Galanello R, Battista Leoni G, Panico A, Scurati E, Paleari R, Chemello L, Quaino V, Scaldaferri L, Lapolla A, Mosca A: Performance characteristics and clinical utility of an enzymatic method for the measurement of glycated albumin in plasma. Clin Biochem. 2007 Dec;40(18):1398-405. Epub 2007 Aug 10.

pubmed_id:17919531

[18]:

reference_text:Ressom HW, Xiao JF, Tuli L, Varghese RS, Zhou B, Tsai TH, Ranjbar MR, Zhao Y, Wang J, Di Poto C, Cheema AK, Tadesse MG, Goldman R, Shetty K: Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Sep 19;743:90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Jul 20.

pubmed_id:22882828

[19]:

reference_text:Cao H, Huang H, Xu W, Chen D, Yu J, Li J, Li L: Fecal metabolome profiling of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Apr 8;691(1-2):68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.038. Epub 2011 Feb 23.

pubmed_id:21458633

[20]:

reference_text:Huang HJ, Zhang AY, Cao HC, Lu HF, Wang BH, Xie Q, Xu W, Li LJ: Metabolomic analyses of faeces reveals malabsorption in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2013 Aug;45(8):677-82. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:23384618

2:

name:Pancreatic cancer

omim_id:260350

[1]:

reference_text:Loser C, Folsch UR, Paprotny C, Creutzfeldt W: Polyamine concentrations in pancreatic tissue, serum, and urine of patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 1990 Mar;5(2):119-27.

pubmed_id:2315288

[2]:

reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

[3]:

reference_text:Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19.

pubmed_id:22613268

[4]:

reference_text:OuYang D, Xu J, Huang H, Chen Z: Metabolomic profiling of serum from human pancreatic cancer patients using 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;165(1):148-54. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9240-0. Epub 2011 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:21505807

[5]:

reference_text:Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8.

pubmed_id:25429707

3:

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

[1]:

reference_text:Ishiwata S, Itoh K, Yamaguchi T, Ishida N, Mizugaki M: Comparison of serum and urinary levels of modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, in cancer patients using a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995 May;176(1):61-8.

pubmed_id:7482520

[2]:

reference_text:Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345.

pubmed_id:19006102

[3]:

reference_text:Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013.

pubmed_id:23940645

[4]:

reference_text:Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

pubmed_id:24424155

[5]:

reference_text:Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13.

pubmed_id:20156336

[6]:

reference_text:Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162.

pubmed_id:19678709

[7]:

reference_text:Cheng Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Zou X, Zheng M, Tan B, Feng B, Dong T, He P, Zhao L, Zhao A, Xu LX, Zhang Y, Jia W: Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1354-63. doi: 10.1021/pr201001a. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

pubmed_id:22148915

[8]:

reference_text:Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

pubmed_id:25105552

[9]:

reference_text:Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

pubmed_id:21773981

[10]:

reference_text:Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18.

pubmed_id:25037050

[11]:

reference_text:Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27015276

[12]:

reference_text:Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762.

pubmed_id:27107423

[13]:

reference_text:Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27275383

[14]:

reference_text:Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:28587349

[15]:

reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

4:

name:Schizophrenia

omim_id:181500

[1]:

reference_text:Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4.

pubmed_id:115032

[2]:

reference_text:Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74.

pubmed_id:7126379

[3]:

reference_text:Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7.

pubmed_id:2480613

[4]:

reference_text:Heresco-Levy U, Bar G, Levin R, Ermilov M, Ebstein RP, Javitt DC: High glycine levels are associated with prepulse inhibition deficits in chronic schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res. 2007 Mar;91(1-3):14-21. Epub 2007 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:17276036

[5]:

reference_text:Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7.

pubmed_id:11877547

[6]:

reference_text:Hashimoto K, Fukushima T, Shimizu E, Komatsu N, Watanabe H, Shinoda N, Nakazato M, Kumakiri C, Okada S, Hasegawa H, Imai K, Iyo M: Decreased serum levels of D-serine in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;60(6):572-6.

pubmed_id:12796220

[7]:

reference_text:Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62.

pubmed_id:7595563

[8]:

reference_text:Nikisch G, Baumann P, Wiedemann G, Kiessling B, Weisser H, Hertel A, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Mathe AA: Quetiapine and norquetiapine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients treated with quetiapine: correlations to clinical outcome and HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG in CSF. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Oct;30(5):496-503. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181f2288e.

pubmed_id:20814316

[9]:

reference_text:Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014.

pubmed_id:25004141

[10]:

reference_text:Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19.

pubmed_id:24713860

[11]:

reference_text:Ballesteros A, Summerfelt A, Du X, Jiang P, Chiappelli J, Tagamets M, O'Donnell P, Kochunov P, Hong LE: Electrophysiological intermediate biomarkers for oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;124(11):2209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.021. Epub 2013 Jun 30.

pubmed_id:23823132

[12]:

reference_text:Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82.

pubmed_id:2415198

[13]:

reference_text:Pickar D, Breier A, Hsiao JK, Doran AR, Wolkowitz OM, Pato CN, Konicki PE, Potter WZ: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma monoamine metabolites and their relation to psychosis. Implications for regional brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Jul;47(7):641-8.

pubmed_id:1694425

[14]:

reference_text:Prell GD, Green JP, Kaufmann CA, Khandelwal JK, Morrishow AM, Kirch DG, Linnoila M, Wyatt RJ: Histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic schizophrenia: their relationships to levels of other aminergic transmitters and ratings of symptoms. Schizophr Res. 1995 Jan;14(2):93-104.

pubmed_id:7711000

[15]:

reference_text:Kim YK, Myint AM, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Steinbusch H, Leonard B: Cytokine changes and tryptophan metabolites in medication-naive and medication-free schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology. 2009;59(2):123-9. doi: 10.1159/000213565. Epub 2009 Apr 22.

pubmed_id:19390223

[16]:

reference_text:Yang J, Chen T, Sun L, Zhao Z, Qi X, Zhou K, Cao Y, Wang X, Qiu Y, Su M, Zhao A, Wang P, Yang P, Wu J, Feng G, He L, Jia W, Wan C: Potential metabolite markers of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;18(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131. Epub 2011 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:22024767

[17]:

reference_text:Xuan J, Pan G, Qiu Y, Yang L, Su M, Liu Y, Chen J, Feng G, Fang Y, Jia W, Xing Q, He L: Metabolomic profiling to identify potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia and risperidone action. J Proteome Res. 2011 Dec 2;10(12):5433-43. doi: 10.1021/pr2006796. Epub 2011 Nov 8.

pubmed_id:22007635

[18]:

reference_text:Schwarz E, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Wang L, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Koethe D, Kranaster L, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, McAllister G, Spain M, Barnes A, van Beveren NJ, Baron-Cohen S, Steiner J, Torrey FE, Yolken RH, Bahn S: Identification of a biological signature for schizophrenia in serum. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 May;17(5):494-502. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.42. Epub 2011 Apr 12.

pubmed_id:21483431

[19]:

reference_text:Mathe AA, Eberhard G, Saaf J, Wetterberg L: Plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite--measured as 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta,16 xi-cyclo-PGE2--in twins with schizophrenic disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;21(11):1024-30.

pubmed_id:3741918

[20]:

reference_text:Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002 Jun;20(2):171-5.

pubmed_id:11979513

[21]:

reference_text:Zumarraga M, Davila R, Basterreche N, Arrue A, Goienetxea B, Zamalloa MI, Erkoreka L, Bustamante S, Inchausti L, Gonzalez-Torres MA, Guimon J: Catechol O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A genotypes, and plasma catecholamine metabolites in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Neurochem Int. 2010 May-Jun;56(6-7):774-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.015. Epub 2010 Mar 4.

pubmed_id:20206656

[22]:

reference_text:Peters JG: Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin spinal fluid metabolites in temporal lobe epileptic patients with schizophrenic symptomatology. Eur Neurol. 1979;18(1):15-8.

pubmed_id:436860

[23]:

reference_text:Yao JK, Dougherty GG Jr, Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Matson WR, Rozen S, Krishnan RR, McEvoy J, Kaddurah-Daouk R: Altered interactions of tryptophan metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;15(9):938-53. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.33. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:19401681

[24]:

reference_text:Gattaz WF, Waldmeier P, Beckmann H: CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982 Nov;66(5):350-60.

pubmed_id:6184954

[25]:

reference_text:Nilsson-Todd LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Skogh E, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male patients with schizophrenia - correlation with monoamine metabolites. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2007 Feb;19(1):45-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00170.x.

pubmed_id:26952797

[26]:

reference_text:Cai HL, Li HD, Yan XZ, Sun B, Zhang Q, Yan M, Zhang WY, Jiang P, Zhu RH, Liu YP, Fang PF, Xu P, Yuan HY, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS: Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the plasma and urine of first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients after treatment with risperidone. J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4338-50. doi: 10.1021/pr300459d. Epub 2012 Jul 26.

pubmed_id:22800120

[27]:

reference_text:Al Awam K, Haussleiter IS, Dudley E, Donev R, Brune M, Juckel G, Thome J: Multiplatform metabolome and proteome profiling identifies serum metabolite and protein signatures as prospective biomarkers for schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Aug;122 Suppl 1:S111-22. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1224-0. Epub 2014 May 1.

pubmed_id:24789758

[28]:

reference_text:Bicikova M, Hill M, Ripova D, Mohr P, Hampl R: Determination of steroid metabolome as a possible tool for laboratory diagnosis of schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;133:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Aug 24.

pubmed_id:22944140

[29]:

reference_text:He Y, Yu Z, Giegling I, Xie L, Hartmann AM, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kahn R, Li Y, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Rujescu D: Schizophrenia shows a unique metabolomics signature in plasma. Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 14;2:e149. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.76.

pubmed_id:22892715

[30]:

reference_text:Kaddurah-Daouk R, McEvoy J, Baillie RA, Lee D, Yao JK, Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR: Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):934-45. Epub 2007 Apr 17.

pubmed_id:17440431

[31]:

reference_text:Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE: Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Biomark Res. 2015 Feb 6;3:3. doi: 10.1186/s40364-015-0028-1. eCollection 2015.

pubmed_id:25729574

[32]:

reference_text:Oresic M, Seppanen-Laakso T, Sun D, Tang J, Therman S, Viehman R, Mustonen U, van Erp TG, Hyotylainen T, Thompson P, Toga AW, Huttunen MO, Suvisaari J, Kaprio J, Lonnqvist J, Cannon TD: Phospholipids and insulin resistance in psychosis: a lipidomics study of twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genome Med. 2012 Jan 18;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/gm300.

pubmed_id:22257447

5:

name:Early preeclampsia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:22494326

6:

name:Pregnancy

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Yang XL, Wu XR: The dynamic changes of several reproductive hormones during termination of early pregnancy by RU486 in combination with PG-05 in Chinese women. Adv Contracept. 1988 Dec;4(4):319-26.

pubmed_id:3252730

[2]:

reference_text:Ball P, Emons G, Haupt O, Hoppen HO, Knuppen R: Radioimmunoassay of 2-hydroxyestrone. Steroids. 1978 Feb;31(2):249-58.

pubmed_id:663967

[3]:

reference_text:Yang YJ, Lee J, Choi MH, Chung BC: Direct determination of estriol 3- and 16-glucuronides in pregnancy urine by column-switching liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2003 Jun;17(4):219-25.

pubmed_id:12833386

[4]:

reference_text:Andreolini F, Borra C, Caccamo F, Di Corcia A, Nicoletti I, Samperi R, Improta F: Estriol and its conjugates in late pregnancy determined by extraction with Carbopack B and liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Clin Chem. 1985 Oct;31(10):1698-702.

pubmed_id:2994907

[5]:

reference_text:Huang PC, Kuo PL, Guo YL, Liao PC, Lee CC: Associations between urinary phthalate monoesters and thyroid hormones in pregnant women. Hum Reprod. 2007 Oct;22(10):2715-22. Epub 2007 Aug 17.

pubmed_id:17704099

[6]:

reference_text:Ribar S, Mesaric M, Sedic M: Sphingoid bases as possible diagnostic parameters. Croat Med J. 2003 Apr;44(2):165-70.

pubmed_id:12698507

[7]:

reference_text:Khan HA, Sobki SH, Alhomida AS: Fluctuations in fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine in pregnant women monitored on successive antenatal visits. Clin Exp Med. 2006 Oct;6(3):134-7.

pubmed_id:17061063

[8]:

reference_text:Mikkelsen TB, Osler M, Olsen SF: Validity of protein, retinol, folic acid and n-3 fatty acid intakes estimated from the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Public Health Nutr. 2006 Sep;9(6):771-8.

pubmed_id:16925883

[9]:

reference_text:Shiraishi M, Haruna M, Matsuzaki M, Murayama R, Sasaki S, Murashima S: Validity and reproducibility of folate and vitamin B(12) intakes estimated from a self-administered diet history questionnaire in Japanese pregnant women. Nutr J. 2012 Mar 15;11:15. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-15.

pubmed_id:22420377

[10]:

reference_text:Brantsaeter AL, Haugen M, Julshamn K, Alexander J, Meltzer HM: Evaluation of urinary iodine excretion as a biomarker for intake of milk and dairy products in pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;63(3):347-54. Epub 2007 Dec 5.

pubmed_id:18059417

[11]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:22494326

[12]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

pubmed_id:23159745

[13]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8.

pubmed_id:23313728

[14]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25.

pubmed_id:23535240

[15]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1.

pubmed_id:24704061

[16]:

reference_text:The Merck Manual, 17th ed. Mark H. Beers, MD, Robert Berkow, MD, eds. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Labs, 1999.

pubmed_id:

7:

name:Late-onset preeclampsia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

pubmed_id:23159745

8:

name:Hypermethioninemia

omim_id:613752

[1]:

reference_text:Labrune P, Perignon JL, Rault M, Brunet C, Lutun H, Charpentier C, Saudubray JM, Odievre M: Familial hypermethioninemia partially responsive to dietary restriction. J Pediatr. 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 1):220-6.

pubmed_id:2380820

[2]:

reference_text:Baric I, Staufner C, Augoustides-Savvopoulou P, Chien YH, Dobbelaere D, Grunert SC, Opladen T, Petkovic Ramadza D, Rakic B, Wedell A, Blom HJ: Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of inherited methylation disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2017 Jan;40(1):5-20. doi: 10.1007/s10545-016-9972-7. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

pubmed_id:27671891

[3]:

reference_text:Baric I, Fumic K, Glenn B, Cuk M, Schulze A, Finkelstein JD, James SJ, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Pazanin L, Pogribny IP, Rados M, Sarnavka V, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Allen RH, Stabler S, Uzelac L, Vugrek O, Wagner C, Zeisel S, Mudd SH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a human: a genetic disorder of methionine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4234-9. Epub 2004 Mar 15.

pubmed_id:15024124

9:

name:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3

omim_id:612718

[1]:

reference_text:Nouioua S, Cheillan D, Zaouidi S, Salomons GS, Amedjout N, Kessaci F, Boulahdour N, Hamadouche T, Tazir M: Creatine deficiency syndrome. A treatable myopathy due to arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013 Aug;23(8):670-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.04.011. Epub 2013 Jun 14.

pubmed_id:23770102

10:

name:Uremia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Canepa A, Filho JC, Gutierrez A, Carrea A, Forsberg AM, Nilsson E, Verrina E, Perfumo F, Bergstrom J: Free amino acids in plasma, red blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and muscle in normal and uraemic children. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Mar;17(3):413-21.

pubmed_id:11865086

[2]:

reference_text:Fujita T, Amuro Y, Hada T, Higashino K: Plasma levels of pipecolic acid, both L- and D-enantiomers, in patients with chronic liver diseases, especially hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Sep;287(1-2):99-109.

pubmed_id:10509899

[3]:

reference_text:Niwa T, Takeda N, Yoshizumi H: RNA metabolism in uremic patients: accumulation of modified ribonucleosides in uremic serum. Technical note. Kidney Int. 1998 Jun;53(6):1801-6.

pubmed_id:9607216

[4]:

reference_text:Ishiwata S, Itoh K, Yamaguchi T, Ishida N, Mizugaki M: Comparison of serum and urinary levels of modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, in cancer patients using a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995 May;176(1):61-8.

pubmed_id:7482520

[5]:

reference_text:Kai M, Miyazaki T, Ohkura Y: High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of guanidino compounds of clinical importance in human urine and serum by pre-column fluorescence derivatization using benzoin. J Chromatogr. 1984 Nov 28;311(2):257-66.

pubmed_id:6520173

[6]:

reference_text:Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24.

pubmed_id:22626821

[7]:

reference_text:Psychogios N, Hau DD, Peng J, Guo AC, Mandal R, Bouatra S, Sinelnikov I, Krishnamurthy R, Eisner R, Gautam B, Young N, Xia J, Knox C, Dong E, Huang P, Hollander Z, Pedersen TL, Smith SR, Bamforth F, Greiner R, McManus B, Newman JW, Goodfriend T, Wishart DS: The human serum metabolome. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 16;6(2):e16957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016957.

pubmed_id:21359215

[8]:

reference_text:Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.

pubmed_id:2026685

[9]:

reference_text:Hoppe B, Kemper MJ, Hvizd MG, Sailer DE, Langman CB: Simultaneous determination of oxalate, citrate and sulfate in children's plasma with ion chromatography. Kidney Int. 1998 May;53(5):1348-52.

pubmed_id:9573551

[10]:

reference_text:Bouatra S, Aziat F, Mandal R, Guo AC, Wilson MR, Knox C, Bjorndahl TC, Krishnamurthy R, Saleem F, Liu P, Dame ZT, Poelzer J, Huynh J, Yallou FS, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bogumil R, Roehring C, Wishart DS: The human urine metabolome. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073076. eCollection 2013.

pubmed_id:24023812

[11]:

reference_text:Ogawa Y, Machida N, Jahana M, Gakiya M, Chinen Y, Oda M, Morozumi M, Sugaya K: Major factors modulating the serum oxalic acid level in hemodialysis patients. Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 1;9:2901-8.

pubmed_id:15353324

[12]:

reference_text:Guo K, Li L: Differential 12C-/13C-isotope dansylation labeling and fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for absolute and relative quantification of the metabolome. Anal Chem. 2009 May 15;81(10):3919-32. doi: 10.1021/ac900166a.

pubmed_id:19309105

[13]:

reference_text:Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6.

pubmed_id:8087979

[14]:

reference_text:Paul BD, Smith ML: Cyanide and thiocyanate in human saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Oct;30(8):511-5.

pubmed_id:17132244

[15]:

reference_text:Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x.

pubmed_id:12675874

[16]:

reference_text:Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.

pubmed_id:

[17]:

reference_text:David F. Putnam Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine. NASA Contractor Report. July 1971

pubmed_id:

[18]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

[19]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

[20]:

reference_text:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Survey) 2013

pubmed_id:

[21]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 80-82. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

11:

name:Irritable bowel syndrome

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Bearcroft CP, Perrett D, Farthing MJ: Postprandial plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Gut. 1998 Jan;42(1):42-6.

pubmed_id:9505884

[2]:

reference_text:Brydon WG, Nyhlin H, Eastwood MA, Merrick MV: Serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and selenohomocholyltaurine (SeHCAT) whole body retention in the assessment of bile acid induced diarrhoea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Feb;8(2):117-23.

pubmed_id:8723414

[3]:

reference_text:Ponnusamy K, Choi JN, Kim J, Lee SY, Lee CH: Microbial community and metabolomic comparison of irritable bowel syndrome faeces. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jun;60(Pt 6):817-27. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.028126-0. Epub 2011 Feb 17.

pubmed_id:21330412

[4]:

reference_text:Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8.

pubmed_id:21761941

[5]:

reference_text:Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c.

pubmed_id:21494186

[6]:

reference_text:Walton C, Fowler DP, Turner C, Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Cole JA, Cauchi M, Bessant C, Hunter JO: Analysis of volatile organic compounds of bacterial origin in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Sep;19(10):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6.

pubmed_id:23867873

[7]:

reference_text:Zeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Ambrozkiewicz F, Paziewska A, Goryca K, Karczmarski J, Rubel T, Wojtowicz W, Mlynarz P, Marczak L, Tomecki R, Mikula M, Ostrowski J: Limited prolonged effects of rifaximin treatment on irritable bowel syndrome-related differences in the fecal microbiome and metabolome. Gut Microbes. 2016 Sep 2;7(5):397-413. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1215805. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

pubmed_id:27662586

12:

name:Crohn's disease

omim_id:266600

[1]:

reference_text:Lapidus A, Akerlund JE, Einarsson C: Gallbladder bile composition in patients with Crohn 's disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jan 7;12(1):70-4.

pubmed_id:16440420

[2]:

reference_text:Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40.

pubmed_id:11418788

[3]:

reference_text:Brydon WG, Nyhlin H, Eastwood MA, Merrick MV: Serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and selenohomocholyltaurine (SeHCAT) whole body retention in the assessment of bile acid induced diarrhoea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Feb;8(2):117-23.

pubmed_id:8723414

[4]:

reference_text:Williams HR, Cox IJ, Walker DG, North BV, Patel VM, Marshall SE, Jewell DP, Ghosh S, Thomas HJ, Teare JP, Jakobovits S, Zeki S, Welsh KI, Taylor-Robinson SD, Orchard TR: Characterization of inflammatory bowel disease with urinary metabolic profiling. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;104(6):1435-44. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.175. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:19491857

[5]:

reference_text:Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51.

pubmed_id:17269711

[6]:

reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13.

pubmed_id:23516449

[7]:

reference_text:Walton C, Fowler DP, Turner C, Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Cole JA, Cauchi M, Bessant C, Hunter JO: Analysis of volatile organic compounds of bacterial origin in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Sep;19(10):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6.

pubmed_id:23867873

[8]:

reference_text:De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8.

pubmed_id:24811995

[9]:

reference_text:Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1.

pubmed_id:25598765

[10]:

reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

pubmed_id:26806034

[11]:

reference_text:Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:26848182

[12]:

reference_text:Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158.

pubmed_id:27609529

[13]:

reference_text:Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9.

pubmed_id:28842642

13:

name:Ulcerative colitis

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D1035-41. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1126. Epub 2010 Nov 8.

pubmed_id:21059682

[2]:

reference_text:Almer S, Andersson T, Strom M: Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis and in healthy volunteers after the single instillation of 2 g rectally. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;32(1):49-54.

pubmed_id:1740537

[3]:

reference_text:Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51.

pubmed_id:17269711

[4]:

reference_text:Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21.

pubmed_id:17314143

[5]:

reference_text:Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8.

pubmed_id:21761941

[6]:

reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13.

pubmed_id:23516449

[7]:

reference_text:Walton C, Fowler DP, Turner C, Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Cole JA, Cauchi M, Bessant C, Hunter JO: Analysis of volatile organic compounds of bacterial origin in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Sep;19(10):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6.

pubmed_id:23867873

[8]:

reference_text:De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8.

pubmed_id:24811995

[9]:

reference_text:Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1.

pubmed_id:25598765

[10]:

reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

pubmed_id:26806034

[11]:

reference_text:Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:26848182

[12]:

reference_text:Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158.

pubmed_id:27609529

[13]:

reference_text:Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9.

pubmed_id:28842642

14:

name:Alzheimer's disease

omim_id:104300

[1]:

reference_text:Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

pubmed_id:17031479

[2]:

reference_text:Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8.

pubmed_id:11959400

[3]:

reference_text:Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Schapiro MB: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):298-302.

pubmed_id:8595727

[4]:

reference_text:Jia JP, Jia JM, Zhou WD, Xu M, Chu CB, Yan X, Sun YX: Differential acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2004 Aug;117(8):1161-4.

pubmed_id:15361288

[5]:

reference_text:Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4.

pubmed_id:9693263

[6]:

reference_text:Walter A, Korth U, Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Weichel O, Hilgert M, Fassbender K, Schmitt A, Klein J: Glycerophosphocholine is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Nov-Dec;25(10):1299-303.

pubmed_id:15465626

[7]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[8]:

reference_text:Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Holmes C, Goldstein DS: Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):756-65.

pubmed_id:10494443

[9]:

reference_text:Lovell MA, Markesbery WR: Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):392-6.

pubmed_id:11255442

[10]:

reference_text:Bar KJ, Franke S, Wenda B, Muller S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Sauer H: Pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):333-8.

pubmed_id:12498967

[11]:

reference_text:Serot JM, Barbe F, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Franck P, Montagne P, Nicolas JP: Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1585-7.

pubmed_id:16227558

[12]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1998;105(4-5):479-88.

pubmed_id:9720975

[13]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44.

pubmed_id:12111441

[14]:

reference_text:Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203.

pubmed_id:16244393

[15]:

reference_text:Kristensen MO, Gulmann NC, Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K: Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993 Jun;87(6):475-81.

pubmed_id:8356878

[16]:

reference_text:Abe T, Tohgi H, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C: Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2002 Nov 1;70(3):447-50.

pubmed_id:12391605

[17]:

reference_text:Reichman ME, Judd JT, Longcope C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, Nair PP, Campbell WS, Taylor PR: Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 May 5;85(9):722-7.

pubmed_id:8478958

[18]:

reference_text:Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T: Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15;303(1-2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:21292280

[19]:

reference_text:Motawaj M, Peoc'h K, Callebert J, Arrang JM: CSF levels of the histamine metabolite tele-methylhistamine are only slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(3):861-71. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100381.

pubmed_id:20858978

[20]:

reference_text:Smach MA, Jacob N, Golmard JL, Charfeddine B, Lammouchi T, Ben Othman L, Dridi H, Bennamou S, Limem K: Folate and homocysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia: a case control study. Eur Neurol. 2011;65(5):270-8. doi: 10.1159/000326301. Epub 2011 Apr 8.

pubmed_id:21474939

[21]:

reference_text:Linnebank M, Popp J, Smulders Y, Smith D, Semmler A, Farkas M, Kulic L, Cvetanovska G, Blom H, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kolsch H, Weller M, Jessen F: S-adenosylmethionine is decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(6):373-8. doi: 10.1159/000309657. Epub 2010 Jun 3.

pubmed_id:20523031

[22]:

reference_text:Rosler N, Wichart I, Jellinger KA: Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2001;108(2):231-46.

pubmed_id:11314776

[23]:

reference_text:Sunderland T, Berrettini WH, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Martinez RA, Vitiello B, Tariot PN, Cohen RM: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A1-8 in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Jul 1;30(1):81-7.

pubmed_id:1716470

[24]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

15:

name:Frontotemporal dementia

omim_id:600274

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

16:

name:Lewy body disease

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

17:

name:Attachment loss

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

18:

name:Missing teeth

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

19:

name:Periodontal Probing Depth

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

20:

name:Cystic fibrosis

omim_id:219700

[1]:

reference_text:Smith JL, Lewindon PJ, Hoskins AC, Pereira TN, Setchell KD, O'Connell NC, Shepherd RW, Ramm GA: Endogenous ursodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in liver disease due to cystic fibrosis. Hepatology. 2004 Jun;39(6):1673-82.

pubmed_id:15185309

[2]:

reference_text:Matsui A, Psacharopoulos HT, Mowat AP, Portmann B, Murphy GM: Radioimmunoassay of serum glycocholic acid, standard laboratory tests of liver function and liver biopsy findings: comparative study of children with liver disease. J Clin Pathol. 1982 Sep;35(9):1011-7.

pubmed_id:7119120

[3]:

reference_text:Scalabrino G, Galimberti D, Mutti E, Scalabrini D, Veber D, De Riz M, Bamonti F, Capello E, Mancardi GL, Scarpini E: Loss of epidermal growth factor regulation by cobalamin in multiple sclerosis. Brain Res. 2010 May 28;1333:64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.073. Epub 2010 Mar 27.

pubmed_id:20347721

[4]:

reference_text:Adriana Nori de Macedo. Robust capillary electrophoresis methods for biomarker discovery and routine measurements in clinical and epidemiological applications. March 2017: https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/handle/11375/21248

21:

name:Lung Cancer

omim_id:211980

[1]:

reference_text:Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7.

pubmed_id:22157537

[2]:

reference_text:Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:18953024

[3]:

reference_text:Chen Y, Ma Z, Min L, Li H, Wang B, Zhong J, Dai L: Biomarker identification and pathway analysis by serum metabolomics of lung cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:183624. doi: 10.1155/2015/183624. Epub 2015 Apr 16.

pubmed_id:25961003

22:

name:Rhabdomyolysis

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Bairaktari E, Seferiadis K, Liamis G, Psihogios N, Tsolas O, Elisaf M: Rhabdomyolysis-related renal tubular damage studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 2002 Jul;48(7):1106-9.

pubmed_id:12089184

23:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

24:

name:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1

omim_id:300352

[1]:

reference_text:Salomons GS, van Dooren SJ, Verhoeven NM, Cecil KM, Ball WS, Degrauw TJ, Jakobs C: X-linked creatine-transporter gene (SLC6A8) defect: a new creatine-deficiency syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1497-500. doi: 10.1086/320595. Epub 2001 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:11326334

KEGG数据库编号
C00300
DrugBank数据库编号
DB00148
foodb数据库编号
FDB005403
ChemSpider数据库编号
566
公共化学化合物编号
586
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
16919
knapsack数据库编号
维基百科编号
Creatine
代谢途径的数据库编号
CREATINE
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
34543
梅林编号
7
虚拟机身份证编号
CREAT
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
Thalhammer, Franz; Gastner, Thomas. Preparation of creatine, creatine monohydrate and guanidinoacetic acid. Ger. Offen. (2007), 5pp.
一般参考
1:

protein_accession:HMDBP00426

name:Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

uniprot_id:Q14353

gene_name:GAMT

protein_type:Unknown

2:

protein_accession:HMDBP00463

name:Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P50440

gene_name:GATM

protein_type:Enzyme

3:

protein_accession:HMDBP00719

name:Creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P17540

gene_name:CKMT2

protein_type:Enzyme

4:

protein_accession:HMDBP00720

name:Creatine kinase B-type

uniprot_id:P12277

gene_name:CKB

protein_type:Enzyme

5:

protein_accession:HMDBP00721

name:Creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P12532

gene_name:CKMT1A

protein_type:Enzyme

6:

protein_accession:HMDBP00722

name:Creatine kinase M-type

uniprot_id:P06732

gene_name:CKM

protein_type:Enzyme

7:

protein_accession:HMDBP01612

name:Solute carrier family 22 member 5

uniprot_id:O76082

gene_name:SLC22A5

protein_type:Transporter

8:

protein_accession:HMDBP02873

name:Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1

uniprot_id:P48029

gene_name:SLC6A8

protein_type:Unknown

9:

protein_accession:HMDBP10739

name:Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 1

uniprot_id:P54821

gene_name:PRRX1

protein_type:Unknown

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP10740

name:DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3

uniprot_id:Q02535

gene_name:ID3

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合
1:

reference_text:Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25.

pubmed_id:15627241

2:

reference_text:Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32.

pubmed_id:6321058

3:

reference_text:Schonberger B: [Overactive bladder--which diagnosis investigations are necessary before initiating primary treatment?]. Urologe A. 2003 Jun;42(6):787-92. Epub 2003 Apr 25.

pubmed_id:12851769

4:

reference_text:Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Adami A, Appleton R, Araujo HC, Duran M, Ensenauer R, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Garcia P, Grolik C, Item CB, Leuzzi V, Marquardt I, Muhl A, Saelke-Kellermann RA, Salomons GS, Schulze A, Surtees R, van der Knaap MS, Vasconcelos R, Verhoeven NM, Vilarinho L, Wilichowski E, Jakobs C: GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):480-4. Epub 2006 Jul 19.

pubmed_id:16855203

5:

reference_text:McConell GK, Shinewell J, Stephens TJ, Stathis CG, Canny BJ, Snow RJ: Creatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2054-61.

pubmed_id:16331129

6:

reference_text:McMorris T, Harris RC, Swain J, Corbett J, Collard K, Dyson RJ, Dye L, Hodgson C, Draper N: Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Mar;185(1):93-103. Epub 2006 Jan 17.

pubmed_id:16416332

7:

reference_text:Wang PF, McLeish MJ, Kneen MM, Lee G, Kenyon GL: An unusually low pK(a) for Cys282 in the active site of human muscle creatine kinase. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 2;40(39):11698-705.

pubmed_id:11570870

8:

reference_text:Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer M: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training. J Physiol. 2006 Jun 1;573(Pt 2):525-34. Epub 2006 Mar 31.

pubmed_id:16581862

9:

reference_text:Ellington WR: A dimeric creatine kinase from a sponge: implications in terms of phosphagen kinase evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 May;126(1):1-7.

pubmed_id:10825659

10:

reference_text:Fredericks S, Murray JF, Bewick M, Chang R, Collinson PO, Carter ND, Holt DW: Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB are not increased in exterior oblique muscle of patients with renal failure. Clin Chem. 2001 Jun;47(6):1023-30.

pubmed_id:11375287

11:

reference_text:Jiao YF, Okumiya T, Saibara T, Kudo Y, Sugiura T: Erythrocyte creatine as a marker of excessive erythrocyte destruction due to hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Biochem. 2001 Jul;34(5):395-8.

pubmed_id:11522277

12:

reference_text:Nicholson JK, Buckingham MJ, Sadler PJ: High resolution 1H n.m.r. studies of vertebrate blood and plasma. Biochem J. 1983 Jun 1;211(3):605-15.

pubmed_id:6411064

13:

reference_text:Sheth NP, Sennett B, Berns JS: Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following arthroscopic knee surgery in a college football player taking creatine supplements. Clin Nephrol. 2006 Feb;65(2):134-7.

pubmed_id:16509464

14:

reference_text:Jenkins CB, Ghidini A, Spong CY, Eglinton GS, Pezzullo JC, Michejda M: Evaluation of early second trimester maternal serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB as a marker of poor pregnancy outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1997 Nov-Dec;12(6):356-9.

pubmed_id:9475367

15:

reference_text:Lukaszuk JM, Robertson RJ, Arch JE, Moyna NM: Effect of a defined lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet and oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on plasma creatine concentration. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Nov;19(4):735-40.

pubmed_id:16287366

16:

reference_text:Preen DB, Dawson BT, Goodman C, Beilby J, Ching S: Comparison of erythrocyte and skeletal muscle creatine accumulation following creatine loading. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Feb;15(1):84-93.

pubmed_id:15902992

17:

reference_text:Poortmans JR, Kumps A, Duez P, Fofonka A, Carpentier A, Francaux M: Effect of oral creatine supplementation on urinary methylamine, formaldehyde, and formate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Oct;37(10):1717-20.

pubmed_id:16260971

18:

reference_text:Yoshizumi WM, Tsourounis C: Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):1-7.

pubmed_id:15273072

19:

reference_text:Harris RC, Almada AL, Harris DB, Dunnett M, Hespel P: The creatine content of Creatine Serum and the change in the plasma concentration with ingestion of a single dose. J Sports Sci. 2004 Sep;22(9):851-7.

pubmed_id:15513279

20:

reference_text:Mendes RR, Pires I, Oliveira A, Tirapegui J: Effects of creatine supplementation on the performance and body composition of competitive swimmers. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):473-8.

pubmed_id:15302082

21:

reference_text:Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA, Candow DG: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302.

pubmed_id:14669930

22:

reference_text:Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL: Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7.

pubmed_id:8828669

23:

reference_text:Dangott B, Schultz E, Mozdziak PE: Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):13-6.

pubmed_id:10683092

24:

reference_text:Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Urso B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P, Richter EA: Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):625-33.

pubmed_id:11600695

25:

reference_text:Juhn M: Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):921-39.

pubmed_id:12974658

26:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

27:

reference_text:Bird SP: Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: a brief review. J Sports Sci Med. 2003 Dec 1;2(4):123-32. eCollection 2003 Dec.

pubmed_id:24688272

28:

reference_text:Engelhardt M, Neumann G, Berbalk A, Reuter I: Creatine supplementation in endurance sports. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jul;30(7):1123-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199807000-00016.

pubmed_id:9662683

免责声明:以上所展示的信息由企业自行提供,内容的真实性、准确性和合法性由发布企业负责,医药网对此不承担任何责任。
相关链接:国家药品监督管理局| 国家中医药管理局| SDA药品评审中心| 医加医疗器械| 膏药生产厂家| 爱视立眼贴
专业提供药品信息、药品招商、药品代理、保健品招商、医药原料采购供应的中国药品信息网站平台
版权所有 © 2003-2028 盗冒必究  客服热线:0575-83552251 / 13754370441  QQ客服:药品信息客服
浙ICP备16010490号-2 增值电信业务经营许可证:浙B2-20220931 互联网药品信息服务资格证书编号:(浙)-经营性2023-0215 浙公网安备:33068302000535
 医药代理商群1:药药网药品采购交流医药代理商群2:药药网药品采购交流2医药代理商群3:药药网药品采购交流3