版本
5.0
创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2020-10-09 21:08:34 UTC
登录号
HMDB0000051
地位
quantified
二级访问
HMDB00051

名称
Ammonia
描述
Ammonia is a colourless alkaline gas and is one of the most abundant nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere. It is an irritant with a characteristic pungent odor that is widely used in industry. Inasmuch as ammonia is highly soluble in water and, upon inhalation, is deposited in the upper airways, occupational exposures to ammonia have commonly been associated with sinusitis, upper airway irritation, and eye irritation. Acute exposures to high levels of ammonia have also been associated with diseases of the lower airways and interstitial lung. Small amounts of ammonia are naturally formed in nearly all tissues and organs of the vertebrate organism. Ammonia is both a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. In fact, it is the most common endogenous neurotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to neural tissue and neural cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Ammonia is recognized to be central in the pathogenesis of a brain condition known as hepatic encephalopathy, which arises from various liver diseases and leads to a build up ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia). More than 40% of people with cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy. Part of the neurotoxicity of ammonia arises from the fact that it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and is absorbed and metabolized by the astrocytes, a population of cells in the brain that constitutes 30% of the cerebral cortex. Astrocytes use ammonia when synthesizing glutamine from glutamate. The increased levels of glutamine lead to an increase in osmotic pressure in the astrocytes, which become swollen. There is increased activity of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, and the energy supply to other brain cells is decreased. This can be thought of as an example of brain edema. The source of the ammonia leading to hepatic encaphlopahy is not entirely clear. The gut produces ammonia, which is metabolized in the liver, and almost all organ systems are involved in ammonia metabolism. Colonic bacteria produce ammonia by splitting urea and other amino acids, however this does not fully explain hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. The alternative explanation is that hyperammonemia is the result of intestinal breakdown of amino acids, especially glutamine. The intestines have significant glutaminase activity, predominantly located in the enterocytes. On the other hand, intestinal tissues only have a little glutamine synthetase activity, making it a major glutamine-consuming organ. In addition to the intestine, the kidney is an important source of blood ammonia in patients with liver disease. Ammonia is also taken up by the muscle and brain in hepatic coma, and there is confirmation that ammonia is metabolized in muscle. Excessive formation of ammonia in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients has also been demonstrated, and it has been shown that some Alzheimer's disease patients exhibit elevated blood ammonia concentrations. Ammonia is the most important natural modulator of lysosomal protein processing. Indeed, there is strong evidence for the involvement of aberrant lysosomal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in the formation of amyloid deposits. Inflammatory processes and activation of microglia are widely believed to be implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Ammonia is able to affect the characteristic functions of microglia, such as endocytosis, and cytokine production. Based on these facts, an ammonia-based hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease has been suggested (PMID: 17006913, 16167195, 15377862, 15369278). Chronically high levels of ammonia in the blood are associated with nearly twenty different inborn errors of metabolism including: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, 3-methyl-crotonylglycinuria, argininemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, beta-ketothiolase deficiency, biotinidase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, citrullinemia type I, hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome, isovaleric aciduria, lysinuric protein intolerance, malonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, propionic acidemia, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD deficiency). Many of these inborn errors of metabolism are associated with urea cycle disorders or impairment to amino acid metabolism. High levels of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) lead to the activation of NMDA receptors in the brain. This results in the depletion of brain ATP, which in turn leads to release of glutamate. Ammonia also leads to the impairment of mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis, thereby decreasing ATP synthesis. Excess ammonia also increases the formation of nitric oxide (NO), which in turn reduces the activity of glutamine synthetase, and thereby decreases the elimination of ammonia in the brain (PMID: 12020609). As a neurotoxin, ammonia predominantly affects astrocytes. Disturbed mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, factors implicated in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition, appear to be involved in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity. Ammonia can also affect the glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal systems, the two prevailing neuronal systems of the cortical structures. All of these effects can lead to irreversible brain damage, coma, and/or death. Infants with urea cycle disorders and hyperammonia initially exhibit vomiting and increasing lethargy. If untreated, seizures, hypotonia (poor muscle tone, floppiness), respiratory distress (respiratory alkalosis), and coma can occur. Adults with urea cycle disorders and hyperammonia will exhibit episodes of disorientation, confusion, slurred speech, unusual and extreme combativeness or agitation, stroke-like symptoms, lethargy, and delirium. Ammonia also has toxic effects when an individual is exposed to ammonia solutions. Acute exposure to high levels of ammonia in air may be irritating to skin, eyes, throat, and lungs and cause coughing and burns. Lung damage and death may occur after exposure to very high concentrations of ammonia. Swallowing concentrated solutions of ammonia can cause burns in the mouth, throat, and stomach. Splashing ammonia into eyes can cause burns and even blindness.
同义词
1:[NH3]

2:Ammoniac

3:Ammoniak

4:Amoniaco

5:NH3

6:R-717

7:Spirit OF hartshorn

8:Ammonia anhydrous

9:Ammonia inhalant

10:Ammonia solution strong

11:Ammonia water

12:Liquid ammonia

13:Am-fol

14:Ammonia (CONC 20% or greater)

15:Ammonia gas

16:Ammonia solution

17:Ammonia solution strong (NF)

18:Ammonia water (JP15)

19:Ammoniacum gummi

20:Ammoniak kconzentrierter

21:Ammoniakgas

22:Ammonium ion

23:Anhydrous ammonia

24:Aromatic ammonia vaporole

25:Azane

26:NH(3)

27:Nitro-sil

28:Primaeres amin

29:Sekundaeres amin

30:Tertiaeres amin

化学式
H3N
平均分子量
17.0305
等位分子量
17.026549101
化学名称
ammonia
传统名称
ammonia
CAS 登记号
7664-41-7
代谢物结构字符串
N
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3
印记键
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'.

description:Homogeneous other non-metal compounds

kingdom:Inorganic compounds

super_class:Homogeneous non-metal compounds

class:Homogeneous other non-metal compounds

sub_class:

molecular_framework:

1:Homogeneous other non metal

2:a small molecule

3:azane

4:mononuclear parent hydride

本体论
term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Chest pain

definition:A disorder characterized by marked discomfort sensation in the chest wall region, either due to cardiac event or for other reasons. (nci ctcae).

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Lung damage

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Short bowel syndrome

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Short gut syndrome

synonym:Short gut

synonym:Sbs

term:Shock

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Hyperammonemia

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Hyperornithinemia

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Hoga

synonym:Gyrate atrophy

term:Epilepsy

definition:A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Epileptic spasms

term:Collapse

definition:A disorder characterized by a failure of a physiologic function or system (NCI).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Failure to thrive

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Homocitrullinuria

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Aciduria

definition:A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate high levels of acids in the urine.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Hepatobiliary disorders

definition:Any disorder (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) that affects the liver and the biliary system.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Nervous system disorders

definition:Any disorder (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:General disorders and administration site conditions

definition:Any disorder that was not classified under a specific system.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

definition:Any disorder (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) that affects the respiratory system or the thorax including the mediastinum and the heart. (nci).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Psychiatric disorders

definition:A group of disorders characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. the symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia. (nci).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Gastrointestinal disorders

definition:Any disorder (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) that affects the gastrointestinal tract.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Metabolism and nutrition disorders

definition:A group of disorders, inherited or not, that result in a metabolic malfunction.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Parenteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the a route other than the alimentary canal.

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Dermal

definition:Chemical exposure by contact with the dermis or a cuticle or cornified region of the epidermis.

parent_id:7745

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Topical

synonym:Skin contact

synonym:Cutaneous (related but nor necessarily exact synonym)

synonym:Transdermal

term:Inhalation

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by breathing in, followed by absorption via the lungs. this is the major route of terresitral organisms to aerosols, vapors, gases, and volatile particulates.

parent_id:7745

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pulmonary

synonym:Nasal

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Environmental

definition:An environmentally-sourced sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Tobacco smoke

definition:

parent_id:7741

***level:4

type:child

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:All tissues

definition:All tissues in the body of the organism.

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Indirect biological role

definition:An indirect function of a chemical which affect the physiological state of any organism (apart from the source organism, if of biological source).

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Neurotoxin

definition:A chemical substance that interferes with the normal functioning of the nervous system.

parent_id:7691

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Neurotoxic

synonym:Neurotoxic agent

term:Metabotoxin

definition:An endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels.

parent_id:7691

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Metabolite

definition:A chemical substance produced during metabolism process, as an intermediate or end-product.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Environmental role

definition:A direct or indirect function of chemical product or process which affect the components of the environment.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Air pollutant

definition:An airborne chemical substance, natural or synthetic, that is harmful to organisms and the environment. may consist of solid particles, liquid droplets or gases, or combinations of these forms.

parent_id:7692

**level:3

type:child

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Refrigerant

definition:A chemical substance that is used for chilling or maintaining a low temperature, usually by evaporation in a closed loop, requiring compression for liquefaction.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

状态
Liquid
实验性质
1:

kind:water_solubility

value:482 mg/mL at 24 °C

source:

2:

kind:melting_point

value:-77.7 °C

source:

预测性质
1:

kind:logp

value:-0.98

source:ChemAxon

2:

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:8.86

source:ChemAxon

3:

kind:iupac

value:ammonia

source:ChemAxon

4:

kind:average_mass

value:17.0305

source:ChemAxon

5:

kind:mono_mass

value:17.026549101

source:ChemAxon

6:

kind:smiles

value:N

source:ChemAxon

7:

kind:formula

value:H3N

source:ChemAxon

8:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3

source:ChemAxon

9:

kind:inchikey

value:QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:13.59

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:refractivity

value:15.51

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:polarizability

value:1.99

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:0

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:acceptor_count

value:1

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:donor_count

value:1

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:physiological_charge

value:1

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:veber_rule

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

光谱
生物学性质
1:

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

2:

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Cellular Cytoplasm

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Urine

3:

tissue:(1):All Tissues

4:

[1]:

name:2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D And L Form)

smpdb_id:SMP00136

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00721

kegg_map_id:

[3]:

name:4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00243

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Acute Intermittent Porphyria

smpdb_id:SMP00344

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT)

smpdb_id:SMP00535

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00144

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00167

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:AICA-Ribosiduria

smpdb_id:SMP00168

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:Alkaptonuria

smpdb_id:SMP00169

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:Amino Sugar Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00045

kegg_map_id:map00520

[11]:

name:Arginine and proline metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00330

[12]:

name:Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00362

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:Argininemia

smpdb_id:SMP00357

kegg_map_id:

[14]:

name:Argininosuccinic Aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00003

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:Aspartate Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00067

kegg_map_id:map00250

[16]:

name:Azathioprine Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00427

kegg_map_id:

[17]:

name:Beta Ureidopropionase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00172

kegg_map_id:

[18]:

name:beta-Alanine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00410

[19]:

name:Beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria

smpdb_id:SMP00499

kegg_map_id:

[20]:

name:Canavan Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00175

kegg_map_id:

[21]:

name:Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00002

kegg_map_id:

[22]:

name:Carnosinuria, carnosinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00493

kegg_map_id:

[23]:

name:Citalopram Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00424

kegg_map_id:

[24]:

name:Citalopram Metabolism Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00627

kegg_map_id:

[25]:

name:Citrullinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00001

kegg_map_id:

[26]:

name:Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) or Gunther Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00345

kegg_map_id:

[27]:

name:Creatine deficiency, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00504

kegg_map_id:

[28]:

name:Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00177

kegg_map_id:

[29]:

name:Cysteine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00013

kegg_map_id:map00270

[30]:

name:Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic

smpdb_id:SMP00722

kegg_map_id:

[31]:

name:D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00036

kegg_map_id:map00472

[32]:

name:Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00178

kegg_map_id:

[33]:

name:Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)

smpdb_id:SMP00179

kegg_map_id:

[34]:

name:Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00242

kegg_map_id:

[35]:

name:Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00484

kegg_map_id:

[36]:

name:Disulfiram Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00429

kegg_map_id:

[37]:

name:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00498

kegg_map_id:

[38]:

name:Folate malabsorption, hereditary

smpdb_id:SMP00724

kegg_map_id:

[39]:

name:G(M2)-Gangliosidosis: Variant B, Tay-sachs disease

smpdb_id:SMP00534

kegg_map_id:

[40]:

name:GABA-Transaminase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00351

kegg_map_id:

[41]:

name:Gamma-cystathionase deficiency (CTH)

smpdb_id:SMP00514

kegg_map_id:

[42]:

name:Gemcitabine Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00446

kegg_map_id:

[43]:

name:Gemcitabine Metabolism Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00603

kegg_map_id:

[44]:

name:Glucose-Alanine Cycle

smpdb_id:SMP00127

kegg_map_id:

[45]:

name:Glutamate Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00072

kegg_map_id:map00250

[46]:

name:Glutaminolysis and Cancer

smpdb_id:SMP02298

kegg_map_id:

[47]:

name:Glycine N-methyltransferase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00222

kegg_map_id:

[48]:

name:Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00260

[49]:

name:Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00365

kegg_map_id:

[50]:

name:Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00188

kegg_map_id:

[51]:

name:Hawkinsinuria

smpdb_id:SMP00190

kegg_map_id:

[52]:

name:Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)

smpdb_id:SMP00342

kegg_map_id:

[53]:

name:Histidine metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00044

kegg_map_id:map00340

[54]:

name:Histidinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00191

kegg_map_id:

[55]:

name:Homocarnosinosis

smpdb_id:SMP00385

kegg_map_id:

[56]:

name:Homocysteine Degradation

smpdb_id:SMP00455

kegg_map_id:

[57]:

name:Homocystinuria, cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00515

kegg_map_id:

[58]:

name:Homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia due to defect in cobalamin metabolism, cblG complementation type

smpdb_id:SMP00570

kegg_map_id:

[59]:

name:Hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic

smpdb_id:SMP00485

kegg_map_id:

[60]:

name:Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00339

kegg_map_id:

[61]:

name:Hypermethioninemia

smpdb_id:SMP00341

kegg_map_id:

[62]:

name:Hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA)

smpdb_id:SMP00505

kegg_map_id:

[63]:

name:Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]

smpdb_id:SMP00506

kegg_map_id:

[64]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00361

kegg_map_id:

[65]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00360

kegg_map_id:

[66]:

name:Hypoacetylaspartia

smpdb_id:SMP00192

kegg_map_id:

[67]:

name:Hypophosphatasia

smpdb_id:SMP00503

kegg_map_id:

[68]:

name:L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00507

kegg_map_id:

[69]:

name:Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS)

smpdb_id:SMP00364

kegg_map_id:

[70]:

name:Mercaptopurine Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00428

kegg_map_id:

[71]:

name:Methionine Adenosyltransferase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00221

kegg_map_id:

[72]:

name:Methionine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00033

kegg_map_id:map00270

[73]:

name:Methotrexate Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00432

kegg_map_id:

[74]:

name:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)

smpdb_id:SMP00543

kegg_map_id:

[75]:

name:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)

smpdb_id:SMP00340

kegg_map_id:

[76]:

name:Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00536

kegg_map_id:

[77]:

name:MNGIE (Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy)

smpdb_id:SMP00202

kegg_map_id:

[78]:

name:Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00203

kegg_map_id:

[79]:

name:Monoamine oxidase-a deficiency (MAO-A)

smpdb_id:SMP00533

kegg_map_id:

[80]:

name:Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00537

kegg_map_id:

[81]:

name:Nitrogen metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00910

[82]:

name:Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00223

kegg_map_id:

[83]:

name:One carbon pool by folate

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00670

[84]:

name:Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00363

kegg_map_id:

[85]:

name:Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00205

kegg_map_id:

[86]:

name:Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00008

kegg_map_id:map00360

[87]:

name:Phenylketonuria

smpdb_id:SMP00206

kegg_map_id:

[88]:

name:Porphyria Variegata (PV)

smpdb_id:SMP00346

kegg_map_id:

[89]:

name:Porphyrin Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00024

kegg_map_id:map00860

[90]:

name:Prolidase Deficiency (PD)

smpdb_id:SMP00207

kegg_map_id:

[91]:

name:Prolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00208

kegg_map_id:

[92]:

name:Purine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00230

[93]:

name:Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00210

kegg_map_id:

[94]:

name:Pyrimidine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00240

[95]:

name:S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) Hydrolase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00214

kegg_map_id:

[96]:

name:Salla Disease/Infantile Sialic Acid Storage Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00240

kegg_map_id:

[97]:

name:Sarcosinemia

smpdb_id:SMP00244

kegg_map_id:

[98]:

name:Selenocompound metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00450

[99]:

name:Sialuria or French Type Sialuria

smpdb_id:SMP00216

kegg_map_id:

[100]:

name:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00567

kegg_map_id:

[101]:

name:Tay-Sachs Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00390

kegg_map_id:

[102]:

name:The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate

smpdb_id:SMP02291

kegg_map_id:

[103]:

name:The oncogenic action of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02359

kegg_map_id:

[104]:

name:The oncogenic action of L-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02358

kegg_map_id:

[105]:

name:Thioguanine Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00430

kegg_map_id:

[106]:

name:Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation

smpdb_id:SMP00452

kegg_map_id:

[107]:

name:Tyrosine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00350

[108]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart syndrome)

smpdb_id:SMP00369

kegg_map_id:

[109]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3)

smpdb_id:SMP00370

kegg_map_id:

[110]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00218

kegg_map_id:

[111]:

name:Tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn

smpdb_id:SMP00494

kegg_map_id:

[112]:

name:UMP Synthase Deficiency (Orotic Aciduria)

smpdb_id:SMP00219

kegg_map_id:

[113]:

name:Urea Cycle

smpdb_id:SMP00059

kegg_map_id:map00330

[114]:

name:Ureidopropionase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00492

kegg_map_id:

[115]:

name:Vitamin B6 Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00017

kegg_map_id:map00750

[116]:

name:Warburg Effect

smpdb_id:SMP00654

kegg_map_id:

[117]:

name:Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)

smpdb_id:SMP00220

kegg_map_id:

[118]:

name:Xanthinuria type I

smpdb_id:SMP00512

kegg_map_id:

[119]:

name:Xanthinuria type II

smpdb_id:SMP00513

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:15-35

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<60

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<54

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:22-48

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:15-45

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:21-50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<4.404

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:14-50

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:27.5 +/- 3.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:17-47

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:18 - 74

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5.872-35.231

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:13.000-42.000

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:29.0 (10.0-47.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:40.0 (0 - 80.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:11-32

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:29.0 (13.0 - 46.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:35.0 (20.0 - 58.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:29.0 (17.0 - 51.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1467.955 (763.336-2231.291)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:9-33

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Cellular Cytoplasm

concentration_value:800 (700-900)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:11.9

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2810.0 +/- 947.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1900.0 +/- 350.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2330.0 (724.0-3950.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:94

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASL)

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:62

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASL)

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:52.846

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Dibasic Amino Aciduria I

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:75-92

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCHAD)

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:15.6 +/- 13.5

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pearson Syndrome

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:60-120

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:111-122

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:140-503

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:

patient_information:Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:70

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:

patient_information:Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1100.0 (200.0-2000.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASL)

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:61-164

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCHAD)

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:268

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:

patient_information:Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:40-145

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCHAD)

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:234

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency I

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:82-209

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Infantile Liver Failure Syndrome 2

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:65-145

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:66-86

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Infantile Liver Failure Syndrome 2

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:138

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:338

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Long-chain Fatty Acids, Defect in Transport of

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:110-270

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Narp Syndrome

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:25-30

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:146

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1.703-14.0336

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Citrullinemia type II, adult-onset

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:49

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Sulfite oxidase deficiency

25:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:13446.464-63415.637

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

26:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:139 - 299

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Fumaric aciduria

27:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:231(96-780)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

28:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:27-246

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency

29:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:27.0104-572.502

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Citrullinemia Type I

30:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:85-835

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

31:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:105-500

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

32:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:44-84

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCHAD)

33:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:63

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

34:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:50.4 +/- 17.0

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Short bowel syndrome

35:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:>700

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to ACAD9 deficiency

36:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:252.488 +/- 46.387

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:adult-type citrullinemia

37:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:70.462 +/- 22.313

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:adult-type citrullinemia

38:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:52.5 (25.0-80.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria

39:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:200.0 (100.0-300.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Methyl-Crotonyl-Glycinuria

疾病参考
1:

name:Short bowel syndrome

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Pita AM, Wakabayashi Y, Fernandez-Bustos MA, Virgili N, Riudor E, Soler J, Farriol M: Plasma urea-cycle-related amino acids, ammonium levels, and urinary orotic acid excretion in short-bowel patients managed with an oral diet. Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;22(1):93-8.

pubmed_id:12553956

[2]:

reference_text:Ellegard L, Sunesson A, Bosaeus I: High serum phytosterol levels in short bowel patients on parenteral nutrition support. Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;24(3):415-20.

pubmed_id:15896428

[3]:

reference_text:Pita AM, Fernandez-Bustos A, Rodes M, Arranz JA, Fisac C, Virgili N, Soler J, Wakabayashi Y: Orotic aciduria and plasma urea cycle-related amino acid alterations in short bowel syndrome, evoked by an arginine-free diet. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004 Sep-Oct;28(5):315-23.

pubmed_id:15449570

2:

name:3-Methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria

omim_id:210200

[1]:

reference_text:Rutledge SL, Berry GT, Stanley CA, van Hove JL, Millington D: Glycine and L-carnitine therapy in 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(3):299-305.

pubmed_id:7474896

[2]:

reference_text:Thomsen JA, Lund AM, Olesen JH, Mohr M, Rasmussen J: Is L-Carnitine Supplementation Beneficial in 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency? JIMD Rep. 2015;21:79-88. doi: 10.1007/8904_2014_393. Epub 2015 Mar 3.

pubmed_id:25732994

[3]:

reference_text:Koeberl DD, Millington DS, Smith WE, Weavil SD, Muenzer J, McCandless SE, Kishnani PS, McDonald MT, Chaing S, Boney A, Moore E, Frazier DM: Evaluation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency detected by tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(1):25-35.

pubmed_id:12872837

[4]:

reference_text:de Kremer RD, Latini A, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Larovere L, Civallero G, Guelbert N, Paschini-Capra A, Depetris-Boldini C, Mayor CQ: Leukodystrophy and CSF purine abnormalities associated with isolated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. Metab Brain Dis. 2002 Mar;17(1):13-8.

pubmed_id:11893004

[5]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

3:

name:Argininosuccinic aciduria

omim_id:207900

[1]:

reference_text:Lee CR, Pollitt RJ: New derivatives of argininosuccinic acid in the urine of a patient with argininosuccinicaciduria. Biochem J. 1972 Jan;126(1):79-87.

pubmed_id:5075233

[2]:

reference_text:Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c.

pubmed_id:19551947

[3]:

reference_text:Kleijer WJ, Garritsen VH, Linnebank M, Mooyer P, Huijmans JG, Mustonen A, Simola KO, Arslan-Kirchner M, Battini R, Briones P, Cardo E, Mandel H, Tschiedel E, Wanders RJ, Koch HG: Clinical, enzymatic, and molecular genetic characterization of a biochemical variant type of argininosuccinic aciduria: prenatal and postnatal diagnosis in five unrelated families. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 Sep;25(5):399-410.

pubmed_id:12408190

[4]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

4:

name:Sulfite oxidase deficiency, ISOLATED

omim_id:272300

[1]:

reference_text:Touati G, Rusthoven E, Depondt E, Dorche C, Duran M, Heron B, Rabier D, Russo M, Saudubray JM: Dietary therapy in two patients with a mild form of sulphite oxidase deficiency. Evidence for clinical and biological improvement. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Feb;23(1):45-53.

pubmed_id:10682307

[2]:

reference_text:Zaki MS, Selim L, El-Bassyouni HT, Issa MY, Mahmoud I, Ismail S, Girgis M, Sadek AA, Gleeson JG, Abdel Hamid MS: Molybdenum cofactor and isolated sulphite oxidase deficiencies: Clinical and molecular spectrum among Egyptian patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016 Sep;20(5):714-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 May 30.

pubmed_id:27289259

[3]:

reference_text:Rocha S, Ferreira AC, Dias AI, Vieira JP, Sequeira S: Sulfite oxidase deficiency--an unusual late and mild presentation. Brain Dev. 2014 Feb;36(2):176-9. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.01.013. Epub 2013 Feb 27.

pubmed_id:23452914

[4]:

reference_text:Rashed MS, Saadallah AA, Rahbeeni Z, Eyaid W, Seidahmed MZ, Al-Shahwan S, Salih MA, Osman ME, Al-Amoudi M, Al-Ahaidib L, Jacob M: Determination of urinary S-sulphocysteine, xanthine and hypoxanthine by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2005 Apr;19(3):223-30.

pubmed_id:15558695

[5]:

reference_text:Clinical and Laboratory Barriers to the Timely Diagnosis of Sulphite Oxidase Deficiency. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 19(2), 94-100.

pubmed_id:

5:

name:3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency

omim_id:246450

[1]:

reference_text:Jakobs C, Bojasch M, Duran M, Ketting D, Wadman SK, Leupold D: 3-methyl-3-butenoic acid: an artefact in the urinary metabolic pattern of patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 1980 Sep 8;106(1):85-9.

pubmed_id:6157502

[2]:

reference_text:Muroi J, Yorifuji T, Uematsu A, Shigematsu Y, Onigata K, Maruyama H, Nobutoki T, Kitamura A, Nakahata T: Molecular and clinical analysis of Japanese patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) deficiency. Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;107(4):320-6.

pubmed_id:11129331

[3]:

reference_text:Grunert SC, Schlatter SM, Schmitt RN, Gemperle-Britschgi C, Mrazova L, Balci MC, Bischof F, Coker M, Das AM, Demirkol M, de Vries M, Gokcay G, Haberle J, Ucar SK, Lotz-Havla AS, Lucke T, Roland D, Rutsch F, Santer R, Schlune A, Staufner C, Schwab KO, Mitchell GA, Sass JO: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency: Clinical presentation and outcome in a series of 37 patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Jul;121(3):206-215. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.05.014. Epub 2017 May 22.

pubmed_id:28583327

[4]:

reference_text:Bischof F, Nagele T, Wanders RJ, Trefz FK, Melms A: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency in an adult with leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2004 Nov;56(5):727-30.

pubmed_id:15505778

[5]:

reference_text:Dos Santos Mello M, Ribas GS, Wayhs CA, Hammerschmidt T, Guerreiro GB, Favenzani JL, Sitta A, de Moura Coelho D, Wajner M, Vargas CR: Increased oxidative stress in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria. Mol Cell Biochem. 2015 Apr;402(1-2):149-55. doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-2322-x. Epub 2015 Jan 4.

pubmed_id:25557019

[6]:

reference_text:Santarelli F, Cassanello M, Enea A, Poma F, D'Onofrio V, Guala G, Garrone G, Puccinelli P, Caruso U, Porta F, Spada M: A neonatal case of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. Ital J Pediatr. 2013 May 24;39:33. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-33.

pubmed_id:23705938

[7]:

reference_text:Ozand PT, al Aqeel A, Gascon G, Brismar J, Thomas E, Gleispach H: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase deficiency in Saudi Arabia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(2):174-88.

pubmed_id:1886403

[8]:

reference_text:Zschocke J, Penzien JM, Bielen R, Casals N, Aledo R, Pie J, Hoffmann GF, Hegardt FG, Mayatepek E: The diagnosis of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. J Pediatr. 2002 Jun;140(6):778-80. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2002.123854.

pubmed_id:12072887

[9]:

reference_text:Leung AA, Chan AK, Ezekowitz JA, Leung AK: A Case of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG CoA) Lyase Deficiency. Case Rep Med. 2009;2009:183125. doi: 10.1155/2009/183125. Epub 2009 Nov 4.

pubmed_id:19893767

[10]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

6:

name:Fumarase deficiency

omim_id:606812

[1]:

reference_text:Bastug O, Kardas F, Ozturk MA, Halis H, Memur S, Korkmaz L, Tag Z, Gunes T: A rare cause of opistotonus; fumaric aciduria: The first case presentation in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2014 Mar 1;49(1):74-6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.442. eCollection 2014 Mar.

pubmed_id:26078636

[2]:

reference_text:Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

pubmed_id:20549362

[3]:

reference_text:Tregoning S, Salter W, Thorburn DR, Durkie M, Panayi M, Wu JY, Easterbrook A, Coman DJ: Fumarase deficiency in dichorionic diamniotic twins. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Dec;16(6):1117-20. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.72. Epub 2013 Nov 4.

pubmed_id:24182348

[4]:

reference_text:Whelan DT, Hill RE, McClorry S: Fumaric aciduria: a new organic aciduria, associated with mental retardation and speech impairment. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 31;132(3):301-8.

pubmed_id:6616883

[5]:

reference_text:Maradin M, Fumic K, Hansikova H, Tesarova M, Wenchich L, Dorner S, Sarnavka V, Zeman J, Baric I: Fumaric aciduria: mild phenotype in a 8-year-old girl with novel mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Oct;29(5):683. Epub 2006 Aug 5.

pubmed_id:16972175

[6]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

7:

name:N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency

omim_id:608300

[1]:

reference_text:Schubiger G, Bachmann C, Barben P, Colombo JP, Tonz O, Schupbach D: N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency: diagnosis, management and follow-up of a rare disorder of ammonia detoxication. Eur J Pediatr. 1991 Mar;150(5):353-6.

pubmed_id:2044610

[2]:

reference_text:Guffon N, Vianey-Saban C, Bourgeois J, Rabier D, Colombo JP, Guibaud P: A new neonatal case of N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency treated by carbamylglutamate. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(1):61-5.

pubmed_id:7623444

[3]:

reference_text:Hinnie J, Colombo JP, Wermuth B, Dryburgh FJ: N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency responding to carbamylglutamate. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Nov;20(6):839-40.

pubmed_id:9427158

8:

name:Citrullinemia type I

omim_id:215700

[1]:

reference_text:Kose E, Unal O, Bulbul S, Gunduz M, Haberle J, Arslan N: Identification of three novel mutations in fourteen patients with citrullinemia type 1. Clin Biochem. 2017 Aug;50(12):686-689. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.01.011. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

pubmed_id:28132756

9:

name:Citrullinemia type II, adult-onset

omim_id:603471

[1]:

reference_text:Yajima Y, Hirasawa T, Saheki T: Diurnal fluctuation of blood ammonia levels in adult-type citrullinemia. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1982 Jun;137(2):213-20.

pubmed_id:7202267

[2]:

reference_text:Komatsu M, Yazaki M, Tanaka N, Sano K, Hashimoto E, Takei Y, Song YZ, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, Saheki T, Aoyama T, Kobayashi K: Citrin deficiency as a cause of chronic liver disorder mimicking non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008 Nov;49(5):810-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.05.016. Epub 2008 Jun 10.

pubmed_id:18620775

10:

name:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

omim_id:231530

[1]:

reference_text:Hsu BY, Kelly A, Thornton PS, Greenberg CR, Dilling LA, Stanley CA: Protein-sensitive and fasting hypoglycemia in children with the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome. J Pediatr. 2001 Mar;138(3):383-9. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.111818.

pubmed_id:11241047

[2]:

reference_text:Clayton PT, Eaton S, Aynsley-Green A, Edginton M, Hussain K, Krywawych S, Datta V, Malingre HE, Berger R, van den Berg IE: Hyperinsulinism in short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency reveals the importance of beta-oxidation in insulin secretion. J Clin Invest. 2001 Aug;108(3):457-65.

pubmed_id:11489939

[3]:

reference_text:Molven A, Matre GE, Duran M, Wanders RJ, Rishaug U, Njolstad PR, Jellum E, Sovik O: Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia caused by a defect in the SCHAD enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Diabetes. 2004 Jan;53(1):221-7.

pubmed_id:14693719

[4]:

reference_text:Vilarinho L, Marques JS, Rocha H, Ramos A, Lopes L, Narayan SB, Bennett MJ: Diagnosis of a patient with a kinetic variant of medium and short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Jul;106(3):277-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.005. Epub 2012 Apr 13.

pubmed_id:22579592

[5]:

reference_text:Popa FI, Perlini S, Teofoli F, Degani D, Funghini S, La Marca G, Rinaldo P, Vincenzi M, Antoniazzi F, Boner A, Camilot M: 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency: identification of a new mutation causing hyperinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia, altered organic acids and acylcarnitines concentrations. JIMD Rep. 2012;2:71-7. doi: 10.1007/8904_2011_50. Epub 2011 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23430856

11:

name:Mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to ACAD9 deficiency

omim_id:611126

[1]:

reference_text:He M, Rutledge SL, Kelly DR, Palmer CA, Murdoch G, Majumder N, Nicholls RD, Pei Z, Watkins PA, Vockley J: A new genetic disorder in mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation: ACAD9 deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Jul;81(1):87-103. Epub 2007 Jun 4.

pubmed_id:17564966

12:

name:Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I

omim_id:222690

[1]:

reference_text:Whelan DT, Scriver CR: Hyperdibasicaminoaciduria: an inherited disorder of amino acid transport. Pediatr Res. 1968 Nov;2(6):525-34.

pubmed_id:5727921

13:

name:Pearson Syndrome

omim_id:557000

[1]:

reference_text:Crippa BL, Leon E, Calhoun A, Lowichik A, Pasquali M, Longo N: Biochemical abnormalities in Pearson syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2015 Mar;167A(3):621-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36939.

pubmed_id:25691415

14:

name:Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA

omim_id:219150

[1]:

reference_text:Baumgartner MR, Hu CA, Almashanu S, Steel G, Obie C, Aral B, Rabier D, Kamoun P, Saudubray JM, Valle D: Hyperammonemia with reduced ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline: a new inborn error caused by a mutation in the gene encoding delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Nov 22;9(19):2853-8.

pubmed_id:11092761

15:

name:Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration

omim_id:616878

[1]:

reference_text:Lalani SR, Liu P, Rosenfeld JA, Watkin LB, Chiang T, Leduc MS, Zhu W, Ding Y, Pan S, Vetrini F, Miyake CY, Shinawi M, Gambin T, Eldomery MK, Akdemir ZH, Emrick L, Wilnai Y, Schelley S, Koenig MK, Memon N, Farach LS, Coe BP, Azamian M, Hernandez P, Zapata G, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Lotze T, Clark G, Wilfong A, Northrup H, Adesina A, Bacino CA, Scaglia F, Bonnen PE, Crosson J, Duis J, Maegawa GH, Coman D, Inwood A, McGill J, Boerwinkle E, Graham B, Beaudet A, Eng CM, Hanchard NA, Xia F, Orange JS, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Yang Y: Recurrent Muscle Weakness with Rhabdomyolysis, Metabolic Crises, and Cardiac Arrhythmia Due to Bi-allelic TANGO2 Mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Feb 4;98(2):347-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.008. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

pubmed_id:26805781

16:

name:Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency

omim_id:609015

[1]:

reference_text:Kumps A, Duez P, Mardens Y: Metabolic, nutritional, iatrogenic, and artifactual sources of urinary organic acids: a comprehensive table. Clin Chem. 2002 May;48(5):708-17.

pubmed_id:11978597

[2]:

reference_text:den Boer ME, Dionisi-Vici C, Chakrapani A, van Thuijl AO, Wanders RJ, Wijburg FA: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: a severe fatty acid oxidation disorder with cardiac and neurologic involvement. J Pediatr. 2003 Jun;142(6):684-9. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2003.231.

pubmed_id:12838198

17:

name:Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

omim_id:266150

[1]:

reference_text:Habarou F, Brassier A, Rio M, Chretien D, Monnot S, Barbier V, Barouki R, Bonnefont JP, Boddaert N, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Le Moyec L, Bastin J, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P: Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: An underestimated cause of lactic acidosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2014 Nov 28;2:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.001. eCollection 2015 Mar.

pubmed_id:28649521

18:

name:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency

omim_id:255120

[1]:

reference_text:Olpin SE, Allen J, Bonham JR, Clark S, Clayton PT, Calvin J, Downing M, Ives K, Jones S, Manning NJ, Pollitt RJ, Standing SJ, Tanner MS: Features of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001 Feb;24(1):35-42.

pubmed_id:11286380

19:

name:Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2

omim_id:612736

[1]:

reference_text:Schulze A, Hess T, Wevers R, Mayatepek E, Bachert P, Marescau B, Knopp MV, De Deyn PP, Bremer HJ, Rating D: Creatine deficiency syndrome caused by guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: diagnostic tools for a new inborn error of metabolism. J Pediatr. 1997 Oct;131(4):626-31.

pubmed_id:9386672

[2]:

reference_text:Caldeira Araujo H, Smit W, Verhoeven NM, Salomons GS, Silva S, Vasconcelos R, Tomas H, Tavares de Almeida I, Jakobs C, Duran M: Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency identified in adults and a child with mental retardation. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Mar 1;133A(2):122-7.

pubmed_id:15651030

20:

name:Infantile Liver Failure Syndrome 2

omim_id:616483

[1]:

reference_text:Staufner C, Haack TB, Kopke MG, Straub BK, Kolker S, Thiel C, Freisinger P, Baric I, McKiernan PJ, Dikow N, Harting I, Beisse F, Burgard P, Kotzaeridou U, Lenz D, Kuhr J, Himbert U, Taylor RW, Distelmaier F, Vockley J, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Ozolek JA, Zschocke J, Kuster A, Dick A, Das AM, Wieland T, Terrile C, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Hoffmann GF: Recurrent acute liver failure due to NBAS deficiency: phenotypic spectrum, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic concepts. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2016 Jan;39(1):3-16. doi: 10.1007/s10545-015-9896-7. Epub 2015 Nov 5.

pubmed_id:26541327

21:

name:Long-chain Fatty Acids, Defect in Transport of

omim_id:603376

[1]:

reference_text:Treem WR, Stanley CA, Finegold DN, Hale DE, Coates PM: Primary carnitine deficiency due to a failure of carnitine transport in kidney, muscle, and fibroblasts. N Engl J Med. 1988 Nov 17;319(20):1331-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198811173192006.

pubmed_id:3185635

22:

name:Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 1

omim_id:600462

[1]:

reference_text:Casas KA, Fischel-Ghodsian N: Mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Mar 1;125A(2):201-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20368.

pubmed_id:14981724

[2]:

reference_text:Parfait B, de Lonlay P, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Cormier-Daire V, Chretien D, Rotig A, Rabier D, Saudubray JM, Rustin P, Munnich A: The neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome mtDNA mutation (T8993G) triggers muscle ATPase deficiency and hypocitrullinaemia. Eur J Pediatr. 1999 Jan;158(1):55-8.

pubmed_id:9950309

23:

name:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic

omim_id:261680

[1]:

reference_text:Vieira P, Cameron J, Rahikkala E, Keski-Filppula R, Zhang LH, Santra S, Matthews A, Myllynen P, Nuutinen M, Moilanen JS, Rodenburg RJ, Rolfs A, Uusimaa J, van Karnebeek CDM: Novel homozygous PCK1 mutation causing cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting as childhood hypoglycemia, an abnormal pattern of urine metabolites and liver dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Apr;120(4):337-341. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

pubmed_id:28216384

[2]:

reference_text:Santra S, Cameron JM, Shyr C, Zhang L, Drogemoller B, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Wevers RA, Rodenburg RJ, Gupte G, Preece MA, van Karnebeek CD: Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting with acute liver failure following gastroenteritis. Mol Genet Metab. 2016 May;118(1):21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

pubmed_id:26971250

KEGG数据库编号
C00014
DrugBank数据库编号
DBMET01482
foodb数据库编号
FDB003908
ChemSpider数据库编号
217
公共化学化合物编号
222
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
16134
knapsack数据库编号
C00007267
维基百科编号
Ammonia
代谢途径的数据库编号
AMMONIA
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
梅林编号
3189
虚拟机身份证编号
NH4
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
Mohr, Rudolf. Ammonia separation from offgas obtained from melamine synthesis. U.S. (1971), 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM US 3555784 19710119 CAN 77:50902 AN 1972:450902
一般参考
1:

protein_accession:HMDBP00002

name:Deoxycytidylate deaminase

uniprot_id:P32321

gene_name:DCTD

protein_type:Unknown

2:

protein_accession:HMDBP00147

name:D-aspartate oxidase

uniprot_id:Q99489

gene_name:DDO

protein_type:Unknown

3:

protein_accession:HMDBP00161

name:Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

uniprot_id:P27338

gene_name:MAOB

protein_type:Unknown

4:

protein_accession:HMDBP00169

name:Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

uniprot_id:P21397

gene_name:MAOA

protein_type:Unknown

5:

protein_accession:HMDBP00206

name:D-amino-acid oxidase

uniprot_id:P14920

gene_name:DAO

protein_type:Unknown

6:

protein_accession:HMDBP00211

name:Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1

uniprot_id:P46926

gene_name:GNPDA1

protein_type:Unknown

7:

protein_accession:HMDBP00358

name:Porphobilinogen deaminase

uniprot_id:P08397

gene_name:HMBS

protein_type:Unknown

8:

protein_accession:HMDBP00359

name:Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P31327

gene_name:CPS1

protein_type:Enzyme

9:

protein_accession:HMDBP00390

name:Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]

uniprot_id:P19801

gene_name:ABP1

protein_type:Unknown

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP00393

name:Membrane primary amine oxidase

uniprot_id:Q16853

gene_name:AOC3

protein_type:Unknown

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP00394

name:Retina-specific copper amine oxidase

uniprot_id:O75106

gene_name:AOC2

protein_type:Unknown

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP00464

name:Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1

uniprot_id:Q16773

gene_name:CCBL1

protein_type:Enzyme

13:

protein_accession:HMDBP00538

name:Cystathionine gamma-lyase

uniprot_id:P32929

gene_name:CTH

protein_type:Enzyme

14:

protein_accession:HMDBP00544

name:Beta-ureidopropionase

uniprot_id:Q9UBR1

gene_name:UPB1

protein_type:Unknown

15:

protein_accession:HMDBP00546

name:Biotinidase

uniprot_id:P43251

gene_name:BTD

protein_type:Enzyme

16:

protein_accession:HMDBP00592

name:GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]

uniprot_id:P49915

gene_name:GMPS

protein_type:Unknown

17:

protein_accession:HMDBP00597

name:AMP deaminase 3

uniprot_id:Q01432

gene_name:AMPD3

protein_type:Enzyme

18:

protein_accession:HMDBP00599

name:AMP deaminase 2

uniprot_id:Q01433

gene_name:AMPD2

protein_type:Enzyme

19:

protein_accession:HMDBP00657

name:AMP deaminase 1

uniprot_id:P23109

gene_name:AMPD1

protein_type:Enzyme

20:

protein_accession:HMDBP00664

name:Adenosine deaminase

uniprot_id:P00813

gene_name:ADA

protein_type:Enzyme

21:

protein_accession:HMDBP00665

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E

uniprot_id:Q08188

gene_name:TGM3

protein_type:Unknown

22:

protein_accession:HMDBP00666

name:Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P49448

gene_name:GLUD2

protein_type:Unknown

23:

protein_accession:HMDBP00667

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2

uniprot_id:P21980

gene_name:TGM2

protein_type:Unknown

24:

protein_accession:HMDBP00668

name:Protein-arginine deiminase type-6

uniprot_id:Q6TGC4

gene_name:PADI6

protein_type:Unknown

25:

protein_accession:HMDBP00670

name:Glutamine synthetase

uniprot_id:P15104

gene_name:GLUL

protein_type:Enzyme

26:

protein_accession:HMDBP00671

name:L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase

uniprot_id:P20132

gene_name:SDS

protein_type:Enzyme

27:

protein_accession:HMDBP00672

name:Coagulation factor XIII A chain

uniprot_id:P00488

gene_name:F13A1

protein_type:Unknown

28:

protein_accession:HMDBP00673

name:Protein-arginine deiminase type-4

uniprot_id:Q9UM07

gene_name:PADI4

protein_type:Unknown

29:

protein_accession:HMDBP00674

name:Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase

uniprot_id:Q9NVS9

gene_name:PNPO

protein_type:Unknown

30:

protein_accession:HMDBP00675

name:Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q9UI32

gene_name:GLS2

protein_type:Enzyme

31:

protein_accession:HMDBP00676

name:CTP synthase 1

uniprot_id:P17812

gene_name:CTPS1

protein_type:Unknown

32:

protein_accession:HMDBP00677

name:Protein-arginine deiminase type-3

uniprot_id:Q9ULW8

gene_name:PADI3

protein_type:Unknown

33:

protein_accession:HMDBP00678

name:GMP reductase 2

uniprot_id:Q9P2T1

gene_name:GMPR2

protein_type:Enzyme

34:

protein_accession:HMDBP00679

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5

uniprot_id:O43548

gene_name:TGM5

protein_type:Unknown

35:

protein_accession:HMDBP00680

name:Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:O94925

gene_name:GLS

protein_type:Enzyme

36:

protein_accession:HMDBP00681

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

uniprot_id:P49221

gene_name:TGM4

protein_type:Unknown

37:

protein_accession:HMDBP00682

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K

uniprot_id:P22735

gene_name:TGM1

protein_type:Unknown

38:

protein_accession:HMDBP00683

name:Histidine ammonia-lyase

uniprot_id:P42357

gene_name:HAL

protein_type:Enzyme

39:

protein_accession:HMDBP00684

name:Protein-arginine deiminase type-2

uniprot_id:Q9Y2J8

gene_name:PADI2

protein_type:Unknown

40:

protein_accession:HMDBP00685

name:GMP reductase 1

uniprot_id:P36959

gene_name:GMPR

protein_type:Enzyme

41:

protein_accession:HMDBP00686

name:Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase

uniprot_id:O95954

gene_name:FTCD

protein_type:Enzyme

42:

protein_accession:HMDBP00687

name:Protein-arginine deiminase type-1

uniprot_id:Q9ULC6

gene_name:PADI1

protein_type:Unknown

43:

protein_accession:HMDBP00688

name:Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P48728

gene_name:AMT

protein_type:Enzyme

44:

protein_accession:HMDBP00690

name:Guanine deaminase

uniprot_id:Q9Y2T3

gene_name:GDA

protein_type:Unknown

45:

protein_accession:HMDBP00691

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6

uniprot_id:O95932

gene_name:TGM6

protein_type:Unknown

46:

protein_accession:HMDBP00692

name:Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

uniprot_id:Q16769

gene_name:QPCT

protein_type:Unknown

47:

protein_accession:HMDBP00693

name:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z

uniprot_id:Q96PF1

gene_name:TGM7

protein_type:Unknown

48:

protein_accession:HMDBP00694

name:Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P00367

gene_name:GLUD1

protein_type:Unknown

49:

protein_accession:HMDBP00696

name:Protein-lysine 6-oxidase

uniprot_id:P28300

gene_name:LOX

protein_type:Unknown

50:

protein_accession:HMDBP01947

name:Ammonium transporter Rh type A

uniprot_id:Q02094

gene_name:RHAG

protein_type:Enzyme

51:

protein_accession:HMDBP02888

name:Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1

uniprot_id:O00519

gene_name:FAAH

protein_type:Enzyme

52:

protein_accession:HMDBP03052

name:AID

uniprot_id:Q546Y9

gene_name:AID

protein_type:Enzyme

53:

protein_accession:HMDBP03058

name:Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P23434

gene_name:GCSH

protein_type:Enzyme

54:

protein_accession:HMDBP03298

name:CAD protein

uniprot_id:P27708

gene_name:CAD

protein_type:Unknown

55:

protein_accession:HMDBP03342

name:Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase

uniprot_id:Q7L266

gene_name:ASRGL1

protein_type:Enzyme

56:

protein_accession:HMDBP03575

name:Ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase

uniprot_id:Q8TBG4

gene_name:AGXT2L1

protein_type:Enzyme

57:

protein_accession:HMDBP04074

name:CTP synthase 2

uniprot_id:Q9NRF8

gene_name:CTPS2

protein_type:Enzyme

58:

protein_accession:HMDBP04824

name:Selenocysteine lyase

uniprot_id:Q96I15

gene_name:SCLY

protein_type:Enzyme

59:

protein_accession:HMDBP05584

name:Cytidine deaminase

uniprot_id:P32320

gene_name:CDA

protein_type:Unknown

60:

protein_accession:HMDBP07300

name:60 kDa lysophospholipase

uniprot_id:Q86U10

gene_name:ASPG

protein_type:Enzyme

61:

protein_accession:HMDBP07381

name:Glutamine synthetase

uniprot_id:A8YXX4

gene_name:PIG59

protein_type:Enzyme

62:

protein_accession:HMDBP08250

name:Lysyl oxidase homolog 2

uniprot_id:Q9Y4K0

gene_name:LOXL2

protein_type:Unknown

63:

protein_accession:HMDBP08281

name:L-amino-acid oxidase

uniprot_id:Q96RQ9

gene_name:IL4I1

protein_type:Unknown

64:

protein_accession:HMDBP08860

name:Putative L-aspartate dehydrogenase

uniprot_id:A6ND91

gene_name:ASPDH

protein_type:Unknown

65:

protein_accession:HMDBP08966

name:5-phosphohydroxy-L-lysine phospho-lyase

uniprot_id:Q8IUZ5

gene_name:AGXT2L2

protein_type:Enzyme

66:

protein_accession:HMDBP08968

name:Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3

uniprot_id:Q6YP21

gene_name:CCBL2

protein_type:Enzyme

67:

protein_accession:HMDBP08972

name:Serine dehydratase-like

uniprot_id:Q96GA7

gene_name:SDSL

protein_type:Enzyme

68:

protein_accession:HMDBP08975

name:Serine racemase

uniprot_id:Q9GZT4

gene_name:SRR

protein_type:Enzyme

69:

protein_accession:HMDBP09234

name:Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 2

uniprot_id:Q6GMR7

gene_name:FAAH2

protein_type:Enzyme

70:

protein_accession:HMDBP09334

name:Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 2

uniprot_id:Q8TDQ7

gene_name:GNPDA2

protein_type:Enzyme

71:

protein_accession:HMDBP10683

name:DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3H

uniprot_id:Q6NTF7

gene_name:APOBEC3H

protein_type:Enzyme

72:

protein_accession:HMDBP10834

name:Ammonium transporter Rh type C

uniprot_id:Q9UBD6

gene_name:RHCG

protein_type:Unknown

73:

protein_accession:HMDBP10835

name:Ammonium transporter Rh type B

uniprot_id:Q9H310

gene_name:RHBG

protein_type:Unknown

74:

protein_accession:HMDBP10863

name:tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1

uniprot_id:Q9BUB4

gene_name:ADAT1

protein_type:Unknown

75:

protein_accession:HMDBP11591

name:Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A

uniprot_id:P31941

gene_name:APOBEC3A

protein_type:Unknown

76:

protein_accession:HMDBP11592

name:Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B

uniprot_id:Q9UH17

gene_name:APOBEC3B

protein_type:Unknown

77:

protein_accession:HMDBP11593

name:Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C

uniprot_id:Q9NRW3

gene_name:APOBEC3C

protein_type:Unknown

78:

protein_accession:HMDBP11594

name:Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D

uniprot_id:Q96AK3

gene_name:APOBEC3D

protein_type:Unknown

79:

protein_accession:HMDBP11595

name:DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F

uniprot_id:Q8IUX4

gene_name:APOBEC3F

protein_type:Unknown

80:

protein_accession:HMDBP11596

name:DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G

uniprot_id:Q9HC16

gene_name:APOBEC3G

protein_type:Unknown

81:

protein_accession:HMDBP11605

name:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase

uniprot_id:Q9GZX7

gene_name:AICDA

protein_type:Unknown

82:

protein_accession:HMDBP11629

name:Adenosine deaminase CECR1

uniprot_id:Q9NZK5

gene_name:CECR1

protein_type:Unknown

83:

protein_accession:HMDBP11712

name:Diphthine--ammonia ligase

uniprot_id:Q7L8W6

gene_name:ATPBD4

protein_type:Unknown

84:

protein_accession:HMDBP11862

name:Omega-amidase NIT2

uniprot_id:Q9NQR4

gene_name:NIT2

protein_type:Unknown

85:

protein_accession:HMDBP11905

name:Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein

uniprot_id:Q9NXS2

gene_name:QPCTL

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合
1:

reference_text:Yoshida Y, Higashi T, Nouso K, Nakatsukasa H, Nakamura SI, Watanabe A, Tsuji T: Effects of zinc deficiency/zinc supplementation on ammonia metabolism in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Acta Med Okayama. 2001 Dec;55(6):349-55.

pubmed_id:11779097

2:

reference_text:Huizenga JR, Teelken AW, Tangerman A, de Jager AE, Gips CH, Jansen PL: Determination of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid using the indophenol direct method. Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1998 Jun-Aug;34(2-3):169-77.

pubmed_id:10327416

3:

reference_text:Cohen BI: The significance of ammonia/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ratio for normality and liver disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2002 Dec;59(6):757-8.

pubmed_id:12445521

4:

reference_text:Kochar DK, Agarwal P, Kochar SK, Jain R, Rawat N, Pokharna RK, Kachhawa S, Srivastava T: Hepatocyte dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. QJM. 2003 Jul;96(7):505-12.

pubmed_id:12881593

5:

reference_text:Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36.

pubmed_id:8579834

6:

reference_text:Cooper AJ: Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7(4):280-6.

pubmed_id:11754523

7:

reference_text:Remer T: Influence of nutrition on acid-base balance--metabolic aspects. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Oct;40(5):214-20.

pubmed_id:11842946

8:

reference_text:Kaiho T, Tanaka T, Tsuchiya S, Yanagisawa S, Takeuchi O, Miura M, Saigusa N, Miyazaki M: Effect of the herbal medicine Dai-kenchu-to for serum ammonia in hepatectomized patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Jan-Feb;52(61):161-5.

pubmed_id:15783019

9:

reference_text:Nybo L, Dalsgaard MK, Steensberg A, Moller K, Secher NH: Cerebral ammonia uptake and accumulation during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2005 Feb 15;563(Pt 1):285-90. Epub 2004 Dec 20.

pubmed_id:15611036

10:

reference_text:Huizenga JR, Vissink A, Kuipers EJ, Gips CH: Helicobacter pylori and ammonia concentrations of whole, parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva. Clin Oral Investig. 1999 Jun;3(2):84-7.

pubmed_id:10803116

11:

reference_text:Satoh M, Yokoya S, Hachiya Y, Hachiya M, Fujisawa T, Hoshino K, Saji T: Two hyperandrogenic adolescent girls with congenital portosystemic shunt. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 May;160(5):307-11.

pubmed_id:11388600

12:

reference_text:Suarez I, Bodega G, Fernandez B: Glutamine synthetase in brain: effect of ammonia. Neurochem Int. 2002 Aug-Sep;41(2-3):123-42.

pubmed_id:12020613

13:

reference_text:Helewski K, Kowalczyk-Ziomek G, Konecki J: [Ammonia and GABA-ergic neurotransmission in pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy]. Wiad Lek. 2003;56(11-12):560-3.

pubmed_id:15058165

14:

reference_text:Grasten SM, Juntunen KS, Poutanen KS, Gylling HK, Miettinen TA, Mykkanen HM: Rye bread improves bowel function and decreases the concentrations of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers in middle-aged women and men. J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2215-21.

pubmed_id:10958815

15:

reference_text:Pita AM, Wakabayashi Y, Fernandez-Bustos MA, Virgili N, Riudor E, Soler J, Farriol M: Plasma urea-cycle-related amino acids, ammonium levels, and urinary orotic acid excretion in short-bowel patients managed with an oral diet. Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;22(1):93-8.

pubmed_id:12553956

16:

reference_text:Geier M, Bosch OJ, Boeckh J: Ammonia as an attractive component of host odour for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Chem Senses. 1999 Dec;24(6):647-53.

pubmed_id:10587497

17:

reference_text:Iwata H, Ueda Y: Pharmacokinetic considerations in development of a bioartificial liver. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(4):211-25.

pubmed_id:15005636

18:

reference_text:Ohmoto K, Miyake I, Tsuduki M, Ohno S, Yamamoto S: Control of solitary gastric fundal varices and portosystemic encephalopathy accompanying liver cirrhosis by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO): a case report. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 Mar-Apr;46(26):1249-52.

pubmed_id:10370701

19:

reference_text:Verrotti A, Greco R, Morgese G, Chiarelli F: Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia in children receiving valproic acid with and without other anticonvulsant drugs. Int J Clin Lab Res. 1999;29(1):36-40.

pubmed_id:10356662

20:

reference_text:Hussein HS, Flickinger EA, Fahey GC Jr: Petfood applications of inulin and oligofructose. J Nutr. 1999 Jul;129(7 Suppl):1454S-6S.

pubmed_id:10395620

21:

reference_text:Shawcross DL, Olde Damink SW, Butterworth RF, Jalan R: Ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy: the more things change, the more they remain the same. Metab Brain Dis. 2005 Sep;20(3):169-79.

pubmed_id:16167195

22:

reference_text:Albrecht J, Norenberg MD: Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology. 2006 Oct;44(4):788-94.

pubmed_id:17006913

23:

reference_text:Norenberg MD, Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR: Ammonia neurotoxicity and the mitochondrial permeability transition. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2004 Aug;36(4):303-7.

pubmed_id:15377862

24:

reference_text:Brautbar N, Wu MP, Richter ED: Chronic ammonia inhalation and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Environ Health. 2003 Sep;58(9):592-6.

pubmed_id:15369278

25:

reference_text:Seiler N: Ammonia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int. 2002 Aug-Sep;41(2-3):189-207.

pubmed_id:12020619

26:

reference_text:Monfort P, Kosenko E, Erceg S, Canales JJ, Felipo V: Molecular mechanism of acute ammonia toxicity: role of NMDA receptors. Neurochem Int. 2002 Aug-Sep;41(2-3):95-102.

pubmed_id:12020609

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