创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-10-13 04:19:01 UTC
二级访问
HMDB00044
HMDB0014273
HMDB0029945
HMDB14273
HMDB29945
描述
Ascorbic acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables and is an essential nutrient in human diets. It is necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. The biologically active form of ascorbic acid is vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin. Primates (including humans) and a few other species in all divisions of the animal kingdom, notably the guinea pig, have lost the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid and must obtain it in their food. Vitamin C functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant (PubChem). Ascorbic acid is an electron donor for enzymes involved in collagen hydroxylation, biosynthesis of carnitine and norepinephrine, tyrosine metabolism, and amidation of peptide hormones. Ascrobic acid (vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy. The amount of vitamin C necessary to prevent scurvy may not be adequate to maintain optimal health. The ability of vitamin C to donate electrons also makes it a potent water-soluble antioxidant that readily scavenges free radicals such as molecular oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid. In this setting, several mechanisms could account for a link between vitamin C and heart disease. One is the relation between LDL oxidation and vitamins C and E. Vitamin C in vitro can recycle vitamin E, which can donate electrons to prevent LDL oxidation in vitro. As the lipid-phase vitamin E is oxidized, it can be regenerated by aqueous vitamin C. Other possibilities are that vitamin C could decrease cholesterol by mechanisms not well characterized, or could improve vasodilatation and vascular reactivity, perhaps by decreasing the interactions of nitric oxide with oxidants (PMID: 10799361). Moreover, ascorbic acid is found to be associated with hyperoxalemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Ascorbic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Ketogulonicigenium (PMID: 15785002).
同义词
1:Acide ascorbique
2:Acido ascorbico
3:Acidum ascorbicum
4:Acidum ascorbinicum
5:Ascoltin
6:Ascorbicap
7:Ascorbinsaeure
8:e 300
9:e-300
10:e300
11:L-(+)-Ascorbic acid
12:L-Ascorbate
13:Vitamin C
14:Monodehydroascorbate radical
15:Ascorbate radical
16:Semidehydroascorbic acid
17:ASCOR
18:L-(+)-Ascorbate
19:L-Ascorbic acid
20:Monodehydroascorbic acid radical
21:Ascorbic acid radical
22:Semidehydroascorbate
23:Ascorbate
24:(+)-Ascorbate
25:(+)-Ascorbic acid
26:(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate
27:3-keto-L-Gulofuranolactone
28:3-oxo-L-Gulofuranolactone
29:Adenex
30:Allercorb
31:Antiscorbic vitamin
32:Antiscorbutic vitamin
33:arco-Cee
34:Ascor-b.i.d.
35:Ascorb
36:Ascorbajen
37:Ascorbicab
38:Ascorbicin
39:Ascorbin
40:Ascorbutina
41:Ascorin
42:Ascorteal
43:Ascorvit
44:C-Level
45:C-Long
46:C-Quin
47:C-Span
48:C-Vimin
49:Cantan
50:Cantaxin
51:Catavin C
52:Ce lent
53:Ce-mi-lin
54:Ce-vi-sol
55:Cebicure
56:Cebid
57:Cebion
58:Cebione
59:Cecon
60:Cee-caps TD
61:Cee-vite
62:Cegiolan
63:Ceglion
64:Ceklin
65:Celaskon
66:Celin
67:Cell C
68:Cemagyl
69:Cemill
70:Cenetone
71:Cenolate
72:Cereon
73:Cergona
74:Cescorbat
75:Cetamid
76:Cetane
77:Cetane-caps TC
78:Cetane-caps TD
79:Cetebe
80:Cetemican
81:Cevalin
82:Cevatine
83:Cevex
84:Cevi-bid
85:Cevimin
86:Cevital
87:Cevitamate
88:Cevitamic acid
89:Cevitamin
90:Cevitan
91:Cevitex
92:Cewin
93:Chewcee
94:Ciamin
95:Cipca
96:Citriscorb
97:Citrovit
98:Colascor
99:Concemin
100:Davitamon C
101:Dora-C-500
102:Duoscorb
103:Ferrous ascorbate
104:gamma-Lactone L-threo-hex-2-enonate
105:gamma-Lactone L-threo-hex-2-enonic acid
106:HiCee
107:Hybrin
108:ido-C
109:Juvamine
110:Kangbingfeng
111:Kyselina askorbova
112:L(+)-Ascorbate
113:L(+)-Ascorbic acid
114:L-3-Ketothreohexuronic acid lactone
115:L-Lyxoascorbate
116:L-Lyxoascorbic acid
117:L-threo-Ascorbic acid
118:L-Xyloascorbate
119:L-Xyloascorbic acid
120:Laroscorbine
121:Lemascorb
122:Liqui-cee
123:Meri-c
124:Natrascorb
125:Natrascorb injectable
126:Planavit C
127:Proscorbin
128:Redoxon
129:Ribena
130:Ronotec 100
131:Rontex 100
132:Roscorbic
133:Rovimix C
134:Scorbacid
135:Scorbu C
136:Scorbu-C
137:Secorbate
138:Sodascorbate
139:Suncoat VC 40
140:Testascorbic
141:VASC
142:Vicelat
143:Vicin
144:Vicomin C
145:Viforcit
146:Viscorin
147:Viscorin 100m
148:Vitace
149:Vitacee
150:Vitacimin
151:Vitacin
152:Vitamisin
153:Vitascorbol
154:Xitix
155:L Ascorbic acid
156:Acid, ascorbic
157:Ascorbate, ferrous
158:Ascorbate, sodium
159:Magnesium ascorbate
160:Magnesium ascorbicum
161:Magnesium di-L-ascorbate
162:Di-L-ascorbate, magnesium
163:Ascorbic acid, monosodium salt
164:Magnesium di L ascorbate
165:Magnorbin
166:Sodium ascorbate
167:Acid, L-ascorbic
168:Ascorbate, magnesium
169:ASCORBIC ACID
化学名称
(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
代谢物结构字符串
[H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1
印记键
CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as butenolides. These are dihydrofurans with a carbonyl group at the C2 carbon atom.
description:Butenolides
kingdom:Organic compounds
super_class:Organoheterocyclic compounds
class:Dihydrofurans
sub_class:Furanones
molecular_framework:Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
1:1,2-diols
2:Carbonyl compounds
3:Enediols
4:Enoate esters
5:Hydrocarbon derivatives
6:Lactones
7:Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
8:Organic oxides
9:Oxacyclic compounds
10:Primary alcohols
11:Secondary alcohols
12:Vinylogous acids
13:1,2-diol
14:2-furanone
15:Alcohol
16:Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
17:Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
18:Carbonyl group
19:Carboxylic acid derivative
20:Carboxylic acid ester
21:Enediol
22:Enoate ester
23:Hydrocarbon derivative
24:Lactone
25:Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
26:Organic oxide
27:Organic oxygen compound
28:Organooxygen compound
29:Oxacycle
30:Primary alcohol
31:Secondary alcohol
32:Vinylogous acid
33:Water-soluble vitamins
34:ascorbic acid
本体论
term:Physiological effect
definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Health effect
definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.
parent_id:7693
*level:2
type:parent
term:Health condition
definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.
parent_id:7694
**level:3
type:parent
term:Hyperoxalemia
definition:
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Secondary hyperoxalemia
term:Traumatic brain injury
definition:
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Head injury
synonym:Tbi
synonym:Intracranial injury
term:Infections and infestations
definition:Any disorder resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, or parasitic agent. it can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. (nci).
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:parent
term:Disposition
definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Route of exposure
definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.
parent_id:7724
*level:2
type:parent
term:Enteral
definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).
parent_id:7743
**level:3
type:parent
term:Ingestion
definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.
parent_id:7744
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Digestion
term:Source
definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.
parent_id:7724
*level:2
type:parent
term:Food
definition:
parent_id:7735
**level:3
type:child
term:Biological
definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.
parent_id:7735
**level:3
type:parent
term:Animal
definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.
parent_id:7736
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Fauna
term:Microbe
definition:A living organism that is of a microscopic scale, either single-celled or a cluster of cells.
parent_id:7736
***level:4
type:parent
term:Plant
definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.
parent_id:7736
***level:4
type:parent
synonym:Flora
term:Biological location
definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.
parent_id:7724
*level:2
type:parent
term:Organ and components
definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Gonad
definition:A reproductive system organ that produces and releases either sperm (testis) or eggs (ovary). (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Intestine
definition:The portion of the gastrointestinal tract that includes the small and large intestines.
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Spleen
definition:An abdominal organ that is part of the hematopoietic and immune systems. it is composed of the white pulp and the red pulp and is surrounded by a capsule. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Bladder
definition:The distensible sac-like organ that functions as a reservoir of urine, collecting from the kidneys and eliminating via the urethra. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Liver
definition:An abdominal organ that has variable lobation which are composed mainly of hepatic lobules. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Prostate
definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Prostate gland
term:Heart
definition:A hollow muscular organ which receives the blood from the veins and pumps it into the arteries. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Brain
definition:An organ composed of grey and white matter that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. it is protected by the bony cranium. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Lung
definition:A thoracic organ that has variable lobation and is the primary respiratory organ of mammals.
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Lungs
term:Endocrine gland
definition:
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:parent
term:Tissue and substructures
definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Adipose tissue
definition:A specialized form of connective tissue consisting primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), surrounded by a meshwork of collagen fibers. (NCI)
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Fat tissue
synonym:Body fat
synonym:Adipose
term:Placenta
definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
term:Epidermis
definition:The epithelial portion of the skin (cutis). it consists of the following layers: stratum corneum (horny layer), stratum granulosum (granular layer), stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer), and stratum basale (basal cell layer). (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
term:Skeletal muscle
definition:Striated muscles that are under voluntary control of the organism. they are connected at either or both ends to a bone and are utilized for locomotion and other movements. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Striated muscle
term:Muscle
definition:A fibrous soft tissue with the ability to contract to produce force and motion. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
term:Biofluid and excreta
definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Urine
definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Saliva
definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Blood
definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Breast milk
definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Cerebrospinal fluid
definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Csf
term:Subcellular
definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Cytoplasm
definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Cytoplasma
term:Myelin sheath
definition:A layer of phospholipids and protein found on neuronal axons. this structure acts as an electrical insulator that allows nerve impulses to travel faster by increasing the resistance and decreasing the capacitance over that found in unmyelinated nerve fibers. (nci).
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Myelin
term:Mitochondria
definition:
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
term:Cell and elements
definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Extracellular
definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Extracellular region
term:Cell
definition:
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:parent
term:Element
definition:
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:parent
term:Process
definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Naturally occurring process
definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.
parent_id:7659
*level:2
type:parent
term:Biological process
definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.
parent_id:7660
**level:3
type:parent
term:Biochemical pathway
definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.
parent_id:7661
***level:4
type:parent
term:Role
definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Biological role
definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.
parent_id:7671
*level:2
type:parent
term:Essential vitamin
definition:
parent_id:7672
**level:3
type:child
term:Antioxidant
definition:a chemical substance that is used to maintain the quality, integrity, and safety of finished products by inhibiting the oxidative degradation of the ingredients in the formulation. Also referred to as a preservative
parent_id:7672
**level:3
type:child
synonym:Anti-oxidant
term:Free radical scavenger
definition:
parent_id:7672
**level:3
type:child
synonym:Radical scavenger
term:Vitamin
definition:
parent_id:7672
**level:3
type:child
term:Nutrient
definition:A chamical substance in food, further ingested and utilized by an organism for its well-being, growth and reproduction.
parent_id:7672
**level:3
type:child
term:Industrial application
definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.
parent_id:7671
*level:2
type:parent
term:Drug
definition:A chemical substance or preparation that causes a physiological effect in the body upon exposure .
parent_id:7678
**level:3
type:child
term:Dye
definition:A chemical substance, usually soluble or dispersible, that add a color to materials by impregnation of or by absorption into the material.
parent_id:7678
**level:3
type:child
实验性质
1:
kind:water_solubility
value:400 mg/mL at 40 °C
source:MERCK INDEX (1996)
2:
kind:logp
value:-1.85
source:AVDEEF,A (1997)
3:
kind:melting_point
value:191 °C
source:PhysProp
4:
kind:boiling_point
value:552.67 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
source:The Good Scents Company Information System
预测性质
1:
kind:logp
value:-1.58
source:ALOGPS
2:
kind:logs
value:0.14
source:ALOGPS
3:
kind:solubility
value:245 g/L
source:ALOGPS
4:
kind:logp
value:-1.9
source:ChemAxon
5:
kind:pka_strongest_acidic
value:4.36
source:ChemAxon
6:
kind:pka_strongest_basic
value:-3
source:ChemAxon
7:
kind:iupac
value:(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
source:ChemAxon
8:
kind:average_mass
value:176.1241
source:ChemAxon
9:
kind:mono_mass
value:176.032087988
source:ChemAxon
10:
kind:smiles
value:[H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO
source:ChemAxon
11:
kind:formula
value:C6H8O6
source:ChemAxon
12:
kind:inchi
value:InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1
source:ChemAxon
13:
kind:inchikey
value:CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N
source:ChemAxon
14:
kind:polar_surface_area
value:107.22
source:ChemAxon
15:
kind:refractivity
value:37.03
source:ChemAxon
16:
kind:polarizability
value:14.93
source:ChemAxon
17:
kind:rotatable_bond_count
value:2
source:ChemAxon
18:
kind:acceptor_count
value:5
source:ChemAxon
19:
kind:donor_count
value:4
source:ChemAxon
20:
kind:physiological_charge
value:-1
source:ChemAxon
21:
kind:formal_charge
value:0
source:ChemAxon
22:
kind:number_of_rings
value:1
source:ChemAxon
23:
kind:bioavailability
value:Yes
source:ChemAxon
24:
kind:rule_of_five
value:Yes
source:ChemAxon
25:
kind:ghose_filter
value:No
source:ChemAxon
26:
kind:veber_rule
value:No
source:ChemAxon
27:
kind:mddr_like_rule
value:No
source:ChemAxon
1:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:17853
2:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:28263
3:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:30483
4:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:30908
5:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:30909
6:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:30910
7:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:31935
8:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:37263
9:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99524
10:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99525
11:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99526
12:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99527
13:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99528
14:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:99529
15:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:132844
16:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:140578
17:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:106278
18:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:106279
19:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:106280
20:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:172965
21:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:172966
22:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:172967
23:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1470828
24:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1470858
25:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471064
26:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471161
27:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471183
28:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471271
29:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471272
30:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471273
31:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471274
32:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1471275
33:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1472313
34:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1472314
35:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1472315
36:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473009
37:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473010
38:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473011
39:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473012
40:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473013
41:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:1473014
生物学性质
1:
cellular:(1):Cytoplasm
cellular:(2):Extracellular
2:
biospecimen:(1):Amniotic Fluid
biospecimen:(2):Blood
biospecimen:(3):Breast Milk
biospecimen:(4):Cellular Cytoplasm
biospecimen:(5):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
biospecimen:(6):Saliva
biospecimen:(7):Urine
3:
tissue:(1):Adipose Tissue
tissue:(2):Adrenal Cortex
tissue:(3):Adrenal Medulla
tissue:(4):Bladder
tissue:(5):Brain
tissue:(6):Epidermis
tissue:(7):Erythrocyte
tissue:(8):Eye Lens
tissue:(9):Fibroblasts
tissue:(10):Heart
tissue:(11):Intestine
tissue:(12):Leukocyte
tissue:(13):Liver
tissue:(14):Lung
tissue:(15):Neuron
tissue:(16):Ovary
tissue:(17):Placenta
tissue:(18):Platelet
tissue:(19):Prostate
tissue:(20):Skeletal Muscle
tissue:(21):Spleen
tissue:(22):Testis
4:
[1]:
name:Alkaptonuria
smpdb_id:SMP00169
kegg_map_id:
[2]:
name:Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency
smpdb_id:SMP00170
kegg_map_id:
[3]:
name:Carnitine Synthesis
smpdb_id:SMP00465
kegg_map_id:
[4]:
name:Disulfiram Action Pathway
smpdb_id:SMP00429
kegg_map_id:
[5]:
name:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency
smpdb_id:SMP00498
kegg_map_id:
[6]:
name:Hawkinsinuria
smpdb_id:SMP00190
kegg_map_id:
[7]:
name:Monoamine oxidase-a deficiency (MAO-A)
smpdb_id:SMP00533
kegg_map_id:
[8]:
name:Oxidation of Branched Chain Fatty Acids
smpdb_id:SMP00030
kegg_map_id:
[9]:
name:Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation
smpdb_id:SMP00450
kegg_map_id:
[10]:
name:Refsum Disease
smpdb_id:SMP00451
kegg_map_id:
[11]:
name:The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate
smpdb_id:SMP02295
kegg_map_id:
[12]:
name:The Oncogenic Action of Succinate
smpdb_id:SMP02292
kegg_map_id:
[13]:
name:Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
smpdb_id:SMP00497
kegg_map_id:
[14]:
name:Tyrosine metabolism
smpdb_id:
kegg_map_id:map00350
[15]:
name:Tyrosine metabolism
smpdb_id:
kegg_map_id:map00350
[16]:
name:Tyrosinemia Type I
smpdb_id:SMP00218
kegg_map_id:
[17]:
name:Tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn
smpdb_id:SMP00494
kegg_map_id:
正常浓度
1:
biospecimen:Amniotic Fluid
concentration_value:20.4 +/- 12.21
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
2:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
3:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:88.6 (21.0 - 171.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
4:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:60.8 +/- 15.9
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
5:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:51.0 (11.0 - 125.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
6:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:36.0 +/- 18.0
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
7:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:63.0 (11.0-114.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
8:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:8.19
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
9:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:48.829 +/- 23.847
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
10:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:9.06
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
11:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:35.4-80.1
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
12:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:22.2 (14.0-40.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
13:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:27.0 (11.1-49.7)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Male
subject_condition:Normal
14:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:50.9 (35.4-80.1)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
15:
biospecimen:Breast Milk
concentration_value:96.6 +/- 52.5
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
16:
biospecimen:Cellular Cytoplasm
concentration_value:68.0 +/- 43.0
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
17:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:68.0 (17.0-119.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
18:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:163.8 +/- 21
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
19:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:133 +/- 58.8
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
20:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:164.0 (143.0-185.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
21:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:144.0 (36.2-251.0)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
22:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:0.687 +/- 0.097
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Male
subject_condition:Normal
23:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:0.641 +/- 0.074
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
24:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
25:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:8.009 +/- 3.959
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
26:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
27:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:32.5 (4.6-78)
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
28:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:1.70-22.72
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
29:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:17.0 +/- 2.5
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
30:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:63.6 +/-142.9
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
31:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:38.971 +/- 42.478
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
32:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:0.512 +/-0.058
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
33:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
34:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
35:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
异常浓度
1:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:39.0 +/- 92.7
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Hyperoxalemia
2:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:6.5 +/- 18.6
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Hyperoxalemia
3:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:82.57 +/- 36.71
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Canavan disease
4:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:53.8 (45.8-61.8)
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Brain injury
5:
biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
concentration_value:11.9 (0.0-24)
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Meningitis
6:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:0.505 +/- 0.102
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Oral cancer
7:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:0.443 +/- 0.085
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Oral cancer
8:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:
concentration_units:
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Bladder cancer
9:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:30.234 +/- 47.075
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)
patient_sex:Not Specified
patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis
疾病参考
1:
name:Hyperoxalemia
omim_id:
[1]:
reference_text:Ogawa Y, Machida N, Jahana M, Gakiya M, Chinen Y, Oda M, Morozumi M, Sugaya K: Major factors modulating the serum oxalic acid level in hemodialysis patients. Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 1;9:2901-8.
pubmed_id:15353324
2:
name:Canavan disease
omim_id:271900
[1]:
reference_text:Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51.
pubmed_id:7729054
[2]:
reference_text:Rothstein JD, Tsai G, Kuncl RW, Clawson L, Cornblath DR, Drachman DB, Pestronk A, Stauch BL, Coyle JT: Abnormal excitatory amino acid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1990 Jul;28(1):18-25.
pubmed_id:2375630
[3]:
reference_text:Burlina AP, Ferrari V, Divry P, Gradowska W, Jakobs C, Bennett MJ, Sewell AC, Dionisi-Vici C, Burlina AB: N-acetylaspartylglutamate in Canavan disease: an adverse effector? Eur J Pediatr. 1999 May;158(5):406-9.
pubmed_id:10333125
[4]:
reference_text:Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Leone P, Amorini AM, Bellia F, Janson CG, Di Pietro V, Ceccarelli L, Donzelli S, Francis JS, Giardina B: Simultaneous high performance liquid chromatographic separation of purines, pyrimidines, N-acetylated amino acids, and dicarboxylic acids for the chemical diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. Clin Biochem. 2005 Nov;38(11):997-1008. Epub 2005 Sep 1.
pubmed_id:16139832
[5]:
reference_text:Burlina AP, Ferrari V, Burlina AB, Ermani M, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Bertini E: N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;576:353-9; discussion 361-3. doi: 10.1007/0-387-30172-0_26.
pubmed_id:16802726
[6]:
reference_text:Matalon R, Michals K, Sebesta D, Deanching M, Gashkoff P, Casanova J: Aspartoacylase deficiency and N-acetylaspartic aciduria in patients with Canavan disease. Am J Med Genet. 1988 Feb;29(2):463-71. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290234.
pubmed_id:3354621
[7]:
reference_text:Matalon R, Kaul R, Casanova J, Michals K, Johnson A, Rapin I, Gashkoff P, Deanching M: SSIEM Award. Aspartoacylase deficiency: the enzyme defect in Canavan disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1989;12 Suppl 2:329-31.
pubmed_id:2512436
3:
name:Traumatic brain injury
omim_id:
[1]:
reference_text:Smythe GA, Poljak A, Bustamante S, Braga O, Maxwell A, Grant R, Sachdev P: ECNI GC-MS analysis of picolinic and quinolinic acids and their amides in human plasma, CSF, and brain tissue. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:705-12.
pubmed_id:15206793
[2]:
reference_text:Bayir H, Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin V, Ruppel RA, Adelson PD, Graham SH, Janesko K, Clark RS, Kochanek PM: Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatr Res. 2002 May;51(5):571-8.
pubmed_id:11978879
[3]:
reference_text:Seki Y, Kimura M, Mizutani N, Fujita M, Aimi Y, Suzuki Y: Cerebrospinal fluid taurine after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Res. 2005 Jan;30(1):123-8.
pubmed_id:15756940
[4]:
reference_text:Sachse KT, Jackson EK, Wisniewski SR, Gillespie DG, Puccio AM, Clark RS, Dixon CE, Kochanek PM: Increases in cerebrospinal fluid caffeine concentration are associated with favorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Feb;28(2):395-401. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
pubmed_id:17684518
4:
name:Meningitis
omim_id:
[1]:
reference_text:Rodriguez-Nunez A, Cid E, Rodriguez-Garcia J, Camina F, Rodriguez-Segade S, Castro-Gago M: Neuron-specific enolase, nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases, oxypurines and uric acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis. Brain Dev. 2003 Mar;25(2):102-6.
pubmed_id:12581805
[2]:
reference_text:Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25.
pubmed_id:15627241
[3]:
reference_text:Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51.
pubmed_id:7729054
[4]:
reference_text:Qureshi GA, Baig SM, Bednar I, Halawa A, Parvez SH: The neurochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid to differentiate between aseptic and tuberculous meningitis. Neurochem Int. 1998 Feb;32(2):197-203.
pubmed_id:9542731
[5]:
reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.
pubmed_id:15061359
[6]:
reference_text:Kastenbauer S, Koedel U, Becker BF, Pfister HW: Oxidative stress in bacterial meningitis in humans. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):186-91.
pubmed_id:11805243
[7]:
reference_text:Lerche A, Svenson M, Wiik A: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of cyclic nucleotides in meningitis and idiopathic polyneuritis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1984 Mar;69(3):168-75.
pubmed_id:6326460
[8]:
reference_text:Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6.
pubmed_id:16150112
[9]:
reference_text:Rating D, Siemes H, Loscher W: Low CSF GABA concentration in children with febrile convulsions, untreated epilepsy, and meningitis. J Neurol. 1983;230(4):217-25.
pubmed_id:6198481
[10]:
reference_text:Westcott JY, Murphy RC, Stenmark K: Eicosanoids in human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid following severe brain injury. Prostaglandins. 1987 Dec;34(6):877-87.
pubmed_id:2835791
[11]:
reference_text:Laurent UB, Laurent TC, Hellsing LK, Persson L, Hartman M, Lilja K: Hyaluronan in human cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996 Sep;94(3):194-206.
pubmed_id:8899053
5:
name:Eosinophilic esophagitis
omim_id:610247
[1]:
reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart
pubmed_id:
一般参考
1:
protein_accession:HMDBP00252
name:Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
uniprot_id:P19021
gene_name:PAM
protein_type:Unknown
2:
protein_accession:HMDBP00253
name:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
uniprot_id:P09172
gene_name:DBH
protein_type:Unknown
3:
protein_accession:HMDBP00270
name:Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal
uniprot_id:O14832
gene_name:PHYH
protein_type:Unknown
4:
protein_accession:HMDBP00302
name:Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2
uniprot_id:O15460
gene_name:P4HA2
protein_type:Enzyme
5:
protein_accession:HMDBP00304
name:Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
uniprot_id:P13674
gene_name:P4HA1
protein_type:Enzyme
6:
protein_accession:HMDBP00365
name:Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
uniprot_id:P09848
gene_name:LCT
protein_type:Enzyme
7:
protein_accession:HMDBP00382
name:Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
uniprot_id:O75936
gene_name:BBOX1
protein_type:Unknown
8:
protein_accession:HMDBP00460
name:Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1
uniprot_id:Q02809
gene_name:PLOD1
protein_type:Unknown
9:
protein_accession:HMDBP00461
name:Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2
uniprot_id:O00469
gene_name:PLOD2
protein_type:Unknown
10:
protein_accession:HMDBP00462
name:Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3
uniprot_id:O60568
gene_name:PLOD3
protein_type:Unknown
11:
protein_accession:HMDBP00822
name:Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
uniprot_id:P78417
gene_name:GSTO1
protein_type:Enzyme
12:
protein_accession:HMDBP00831
name:Glutathione S-transferase omega-2
uniprot_id:Q9H4Y5
gene_name:GSTO2
protein_type:Enzyme
13:
protein_accession:HMDBP02802
name:Protein disulfide-isomerase
uniprot_id:P07237
gene_name:P4HB
protein_type:Enzyme
14:
protein_accession:HMDBP03123
name:Solute carrier family 23 member 1
uniprot_id:Q9UHI7
gene_name:SLC23A1
protein_type:Unknown
15:
protein_accession:HMDBP03134
name:Solute carrier family 23 member 2
uniprot_id:Q9UGH3
gene_name:SLC23A2
protein_type:Unknown
16:
protein_accession:HMDBP03654
name:Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial
uniprot_id:Q9NVH6
gene_name:TMLHE
protein_type:Unknown
17:
protein_accession:HMDBP08668
name:Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2
uniprot_id:Q6NS38
gene_name:ALKBH2
protein_type:Unknown
18:
protein_accession:HMDBP08669
name:Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3
uniprot_id:Q96Q83
gene_name:ALKBH3
protein_type:Unknown
19:
protein_accession:HMDBP08681
name:Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
uniprot_id:Q32P28
gene_name:LEPRE1
protein_type:Unknown
20:
protein_accession:HMDBP08682
name:Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2
uniprot_id:Q8IVL5
gene_name:LEPREL1
protein_type:Unknown
21:
protein_accession:HMDBP08683
name:Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
uniprot_id:Q8IVL6
gene_name:LEPREL2
protein_type:Unknown
22:
protein_accession:HMDBP09110
name:Solute carrier family 23 member 3
uniprot_id:Q6PIS1
gene_name:SLC23A3
protein_type:Unknown
23:
protein_accession:HMDBP09111
name:Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3
uniprot_id:Q7Z4N8
gene_name:P4HA3
protein_type:Enzyme
24:
protein_accession:HMDBP09210
name:Egl nine homolog 1
uniprot_id:Q9GZT9
gene_name:EGLN1
protein_type:Enzyme
25:
protein_accession:HMDBP09211
name:Egl nine homolog 2
uniprot_id:Q96KS0
gene_name:EGLN2
protein_type:Enzyme
26:
protein_accession:HMDBP09212
name:Egl nine homolog 3
uniprot_id:Q9H6Z9
gene_name:EGLN3
protein_type:Enzyme
27:
protein_accession:HMDBP09213
name:Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase
uniprot_id:Q9NXG6
gene_name:P4HTM
protein_type:Enzyme
28:
protein_accession:HMDBP10653
name:2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1
uniprot_id:Q8N543
gene_name:OGFOD1
protein_type:Enzyme
29:
protein_accession:HMDBP10654
name:2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 2
uniprot_id:Q6N063
gene_name:OGFOD2
protein_type:Enzyme
蛋白质结合
1:
reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.
pubmed_id:19212411
2:
reference_text:Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.
pubmed_id:2026685
3:
reference_text:Jacobsson L, Lindgarde F, Manthorpe R, Akesson B: Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and serum micronutrients in relation to common rheumatic complaints in Swedish adults 50-70 years old. Scand J Rheumatol. 1992;21(4):171-7.
pubmed_id:1529283
4:
reference_text:Bayir H, Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin V, Ruppel RA, Adelson PD, Graham SH, Janesko K, Clark RS, Kochanek PM: Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatr Res. 2002 May;51(5):571-8.
pubmed_id:11978879
5:
reference_text:Luck MR, Jeyaseelan I, Scholes RA: Ascorbic acid and fertility. Biol Reprod. 1995 Feb;52(2):262-6.
pubmed_id:7711198
6:
reference_text:Sotiriou S, Gispert S, Cheng J, Wang Y, Chen A, Hoogstraten-Miller S, Miller GF, Kwon O, Levine M, Guttentag SH, Nussbaum RL: Ascorbic-acid transporter Slc23a1 is essential for vitamin C transport into the brain and for perinatal survival. Nat Med. 2002 May;8(5):514-7.
pubmed_id:11984597
7:
reference_text:Wolters M, Hickstein M, Flintermann A, Tewes U, Hahn A: Cognitive performance in relation to vitamin status in healthy elderly German women-the effect of 6-month multivitamin supplementation. Prev Med. 2005 Jul;41(1):253-9. Epub 2005 Jan 6.
pubmed_id:15917019
8:
reference_text:Chiplonkar SA, Agte VV, Tarwadi KV, Paknikar KM, Diwate UP: Micronutrient deficiencies as predisposing factors for hypertension in lacto-vegetarian Indian adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):239-47.
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