人类代谢组数据库

版本

5.0

创建日期

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

更新日期

2021-09-14 15:19:03 UTC

登录号

HMDB0000030

地位

quantified

二级访问

HMDB00030

名称

Biotin

描述

Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Biotin is also known as coenzyme R and vitamin H or B7. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin has been recognized as an essential nutrient. Humans fulfill their biotin requirement through their diet through endogenous reutilization of biotin and perhaps through the capture of biotin generated in the intestinal flora. The utilization of biotin for covalent attachment to carboxylases and its reutilization through the release of carboxylase biotin after proteolytic degradation constitutes the 'biotin cycle'. Biotin deficiency is associated with neurological manifestations, skin rash, hair loss, and metabolic disturbances that are thought to relate to the various carboxylase deficiencies (metabolic ketoacidosis with lactic acidosis). It has also been suggested that biotin deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition, and that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic. Biotin acts as a carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC), and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a lysine residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signalling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signalling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in modulating these cell signals, greater than 2000 biotin-dependent genes have been identified in various human tissues. Many biotin-dependent gene products play roles in signal transduction and localize to the cell nucleus, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signalling. Posttranscriptional events related to ribosomal activity and protein folding may further contribute to the effects of biotin on gene expression. Finally, research has shown that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase mediate covalent binding of biotin to histones (DNA-binding proteins), affecting chromatin structure; at least seven biotinylation sites have been identified in human histones. Biotinylation of histones appears to play a role in cell proliferation, gene silencing, and the cellular response to DNA repair. Roles for biotin in cell signalling and chromatin structure are consistent with the notion that biotin has a unique significance in cell biology (PMID: 15992684, 16011464).

同义词

1:(+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid

2:(3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valeric acid

3:5-(2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid

4:Biotina

5:Biotine

6:Biotinum

7:cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid

8:cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid

9:cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-D)imidazoline-4-valeric acid

10:Coenzyme R

11:D-(+)-Biotin

12:D-Biotin

13:Vitamin b7

14:Vitamin H

15:Bioepiderm

16:(+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valerate

17:(3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valerate

18:5-(2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoate

19:cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valerate

20:cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valerate

21:cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-D)imidazoline-4-valerate

22:(+)-Biotin

23:-(+)-Biotin

24:1SWK

25:1SWN

26:1SWR

27:Biodermatin

28:Bios H

29:Bios II

30:D(+)-Biotin

31:D-Biotin factor S

32:delta-(+)-Biotin

33:delta-Biotin

34:delta-Biotin factor S

35:Factor S

36:Factor S (vitamin)

37:Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-D)imidazole-4-pentanoate

38:Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-D)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid

39:Hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate

40:Hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid

41:Hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate

42:Hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid

43:Lutavit H2

44:Meribin

45:Rovimix H 2

46:Vitamin-H

47:Biotin hermes brand

48:Biotin roche brand

49:Biotin simons brand

50:Biotin strathmann brand

51:Biotin ziethen brand

52:Biotin ratiopharm

53:Roche brand OF biotin

54:Roche, biotine

55:E+b pharma brand OF biotin

56:Medobiotin

57:Biokur

58:Biotinratiopharm

59:Gelfert, biotin

60:Hermes brand OF biotin

61:Hermes, biotin

62:Medopharm brand OF biotin

63:Ratiopharm brand OF biotin

64:Biocur brand OF biotin

65:Biotin dermapharm brand

66:Biotine roche

67:Deacura

68:Dermapharm brand OF biotin

69:Gabunat

70:Medebiotin

71:Rombellin

72:Ziethen brand OF biotin

73:Biotin biocur brand

74:Biotin gelfert

75:Biotin hermes

76:Biotin medopharm brand

77:Biotin ratiopharm brand

78:Biotin-ratiopharm

79:H, Vitamin

80:Medea brand OF biotin sodium salt

81:Simons brand OF biotin

82:Strathmann brand OF biotin

化学式

C10H16N2O3S

平均分子量

244.311

等位分子量

244.088163078

化学名称

5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid

传统名称

5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid

CAS 登记号

58-85-5

代谢物结构字符串

[H][C@]12CS[C@@H](CCCCC(O)=O)[C@@]1([H])NC(=O)N2

inchi标识符

InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)/t6-,7-,9-/m0/s1

印记键

YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N

分类学

description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biotin and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.

description:Biotin and derivatives

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organoheterocyclic compounds

class:Biotin and derivatives

sub_class:

molecular_framework:Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds

1:Azacyclic compounds

2:Carbonyl compounds

3:Carboximidamides

4:Carboxylic acids

5:Dialkylthioethers

6:Heterocyclic fatty acids

7:Hydrocarbon derivatives

8:Imidazolines

9:Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives

10:Isoureas

11:Medium-chain fatty acids

12:Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives

13:Organic oxides

14:Organopnictogen compounds

15:Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds

16:Thia fatty acids

17:Thiolanes

18:2-imidazoline

19:Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound

20:Azacycle

21:Biotin

22:Carbonyl group

23:Carboximidamide

24:Carboxylic acid

25:Carboxylic acid derivative

26:Dialkylthioether

27:Fatty acid

28:Fatty acyl

29:Heterocyclic fatty acid

30:Hydrocarbon derivative

31:Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative

32:Isourea

33:Medium-chain fatty acid

34:Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives

35:Organic 1,3-dipolar compound

36:Organic nitrogen compound

37:Organic oxide

38:Organic oxygen compound

39:Organonitrogen compound

40:Organooxygen compound

41:Organopnictogen compound

42:Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound

43:Thia fatty acid

44:Thioether

45:Thiolane

46:Water-soluble vitamins

47:biotins

本体论

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Synthetic

definition:A man-made product or sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Personal care product

definition:

parent_id:7742

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pcp

synonym:Toiletries

synonym:Toiletry

synonym:Personal hygiene

synonym:Beautification product

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:All tissues

definition:All tissues in the body of the organism.

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Nucleus

definition:A body within the cell, surrounded by a membrane, within which lie the chromosomes, one or more nucleoli, combined with proteins, and exhibits mitosis. (NCI)

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cell nucleus

synonym:Nucleic

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Personal care products

definition:Cosmetics and personal hygene products in which a chemical was incorportaed during the manufacturing process.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Nutritional supplement

definition:

parent_id:7687

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Nutraceutical

synonym:Dietary supplement

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Essential vitamin

definition:

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

状态

Solid

实验性质

kind:water_solubility

value:0.22 mg/mL at 25 °C

source:

kind:melting_point

value:232 °C

source:

预测性质

kind:logp

value:0.17

source:ALOGPS

kind:logs

value:-2.30

source:ALOGPS

kind:solubility

value:1.22 g/L

source:ALOGPS

kind:logp

value:0.32

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:4.4

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:-1.9

source:ChemAxon

kind:iupac

value:5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid

source:ChemAxon

kind:average_mass

value:244.311

source:ChemAxon

kind:mono_mass

value:244.088163078

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:[H][C@]12CS[C@@H](CCCCC(O)=O)[C@@]1([H])NC(=O)N2

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C10H16N2O3S

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)/t6-,7-,9-/m0/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:78.43

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:60.05

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:24.92

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:5

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:-1

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:2

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

type:Specdb::EiMs

spectrum_id:1972

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:932

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:936

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1039

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4827

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4828

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:857

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:1994

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:3215

10:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30490

11:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30963

12:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:37254

13:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:130453

14:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:138187

15:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6162

16:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6163

17:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6164

18:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6165

19:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6166

20:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6167

21:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6168

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6169

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:6170

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179691

25:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179692

26:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179693

27:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182025

28:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182026

29:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182027

30:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:374645

31:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:436925

32:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:436926

33:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437350

34:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437351

35:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437352

36:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437353

37:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:437354

38:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438622

39:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:439629

光谱

生物学性质

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Extracellular

cellular:(3):Mitochondria

cellular:(4):Nucleus

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(3):Feces

biospecimen:(4):Saliva

biospecimen:(5):Urine

tissue:(1):All Tissues

tissue:(2):Prostate

[1]:

name:2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D And L Form)

smpdb_id:SMP00136

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00549

kegg_map_id:

[3]:

name:2-Methyl-3-Hydroxybutryl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00137

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00138

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00521

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00522

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:3-Methylcrotonyl Coa Carboxylase Deficiency Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00237

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00139

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III

smpdb_id:SMP00140

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV

smpdb_id:SMP00141

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00243

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:Acylcarnitine (13Z,16Z)-Hexacosa-13,16-dienoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123313

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:Acylcarnitine (17Z)-Hexacos-17-enoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123312

kegg_map_id:

[14]:

name:Acylcarnitine (2S,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123317

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:Acylcarnitine (7Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosa-7,9,12,15,18,21-hexaenoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123309

kegg_map_id:

[16]:

name:Acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxydecanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123308

kegg_map_id:

[17]:

name:Acylcarnitine Heptacosanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123314

kegg_map_id:

[18]:

name:Acylcarnitine Hexacosanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123311

kegg_map_id:

[19]:

name:Acylcarnitine Nonacosanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123316

kegg_map_id:

[20]:

name:Acylcarnitine Octacosanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123315

kegg_map_id:

[21]:

name:Acylcarnitine Pentacosanoylcarnitine

smpdb_id:SMP0123310

kegg_map_id:

[22]:

name:Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00250

[23]:

name:Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00173

kegg_map_id:

[24]:

name:Biotin Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00066

kegg_map_id:map00780

[25]:

name:Biotinidase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00174

kegg_map_id:

[26]:

name:Citric Acid Cycle

smpdb_id:SMP00057

kegg_map_id:map00020

[27]:

name:Congenital lactic acidosis

smpdb_id:SMP00546

kegg_map_id:

[28]:

name:Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

smpdb_id:SMP00456

kegg_map_id:

[29]:

name:Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00562

kegg_map_id:

[30]:

name:Fumarase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00547

kegg_map_id:

[31]:

name:Glutamate Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00072

kegg_map_id:map00250

[32]:

name:Glutaminolysis and Cancer

smpdb_id:SMP02298

kegg_map_id:

[33]:

name:Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00374

kegg_map_id:

[34]:

name:Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von gierke disease

smpdb_id:SMP00581

kegg_map_id:

[35]:

name:Glycogenosis, Type IB

smpdb_id:SMP00573

kegg_map_id:

[36]:

name:Glycogenosis, Type IC

smpdb_id:SMP00574

kegg_map_id:

[37]:

name:Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00010

[38]:

name:Homocarnosinosis

smpdb_id:SMP00385

kegg_map_id:

[39]:

name:Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00339

kegg_map_id:

[40]:

name:Isobutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00523

kegg_map_id:

[41]:

name:Isovaleric acidemia

smpdb_id:SMP00524

kegg_map_id:

[42]:

name:Isovaleric Aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00238

kegg_map_id:

[43]:

name:Lactic Acidemia

smpdb_id:SMP00313

kegg_map_id:

[44]:

name:Leigh Syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00196

kegg_map_id:

[45]:

name:Malonic Aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00198

kegg_map_id:

[46]:

name:Malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00502

kegg_map_id:

[47]:

name:Maple Syrup Urine Disease

smpdb_id:SMP00199

kegg_map_id:

[48]:

name:Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00384

kegg_map_id:

[49]:

name:Methylmalonic Aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00200

kegg_map_id:

[50]:

name:Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders

smpdb_id:SMP00201

kegg_map_id:

[51]:

name:Mitochondrial complex II deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00548

kegg_map_id:

[52]:

name:Multiple carboxylase deficiency, neonatal or early onset form

smpdb_id:SMP00564

kegg_map_id:

[53]:

name:Nitrogen metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00910

[54]:

name:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1)

smpdb_id:SMP00560

kegg_map_id:

[55]:

name:Primary hyperoxaluria II, PH2

smpdb_id:SMP00558

kegg_map_id:

[56]:

name:Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00352

kegg_map_id:

[57]:

name:Propanoate metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00640

[58]:

name:Propionic Acidemia

smpdb_id:SMP00236

kegg_map_id:

[59]:

name:Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00350

kegg_map_id:

[60]:

name:Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency (PDHE1 Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00334

kegg_map_id:

[61]:

name:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00212

kegg_map_id:

[62]:

name:Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E2)

smpdb_id:SMP00551

kegg_map_id:

[63]:

name:Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E3)

smpdb_id:SMP00550

kegg_map_id:

[64]:

name:Pyruvate kinase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00559

kegg_map_id:

[65]:

name:Pyruvate metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00620

[66]:

name:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00567

kegg_map_id:

[67]:

name:The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate

smpdb_id:SMP02291

kegg_map_id:

[68]:

name:The oncogenic action of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02359

kegg_map_id:

[69]:

name:The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate

smpdb_id:SMP02295

kegg_map_id:

[70]:

name:The oncogenic action of L-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria

smpdb_id:SMP02358

kegg_map_id:

[71]:

name:The Oncogenic Action of Succinate

smpdb_id:SMP02292

kegg_map_id:

[72]:

name:Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation

smpdb_id:SMP00452

kegg_map_id:

[73]:

name:Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria

smpdb_id:SMP00466

kegg_map_id:

[74]:

name:Triosephosphate isomerase

smpdb_id:SMP00563

kegg_map_id:

[75]:

name:Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00280

[76]:

name:Warburg Effect

smpdb_id:SMP00654

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.0034 (0.002 - 0.0051)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.0016 (0.0009 - 0.0028)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.0024 (0.0008 - 0.0041)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.11-0.13

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.00127 +/- 0.00067

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000557 +/- 0.000307

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.0005 +/- 0.0002

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.123 +/- 0.141

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.071 +/- 0.041

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.296 +/- 0.150

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.014 (0.002-0.044)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.049 +/- 0.035

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.023 (0.013-0.032)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.08198 (0.00033-0.421)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.16

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.00039

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Burkitt's lymphoma

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000447 +/- 0.000217

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Dementia

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000336 +/- 0.00008603

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.0229

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Head injury

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.0273 (0.0247-0.0299)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Lymphoblastic lymphoma

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000545 (0.00004799-0.00192)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Motor neuron disease (MND)

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000324 +/- 0.000107

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Multiple sclerosis

10:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000692 +/- 0.000602

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Polyneuropathy

11:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.000438 +/- 0.000156

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Vascular encephalopathies

12:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

13:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:58.242 +/- 21.921

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

疾病参考

name:Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Bogusiewicz A, Stratton SL, Ellison DA, Mock DM: Biotin accounts for less than half of all biotin and biotin metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1291-6.

pubmed_id:18996865

name:Dementia

omim_id:167320

[1]:

reference_text:Obeid R, Kasoha M, Knapp JP, Kostopoulos P, Becker G, Fassbender K, Herrmann W: Folate and methylation status in relation to phosphorylated tau protein(181P) and beta-amyloid(1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 2007 Jun;53(6):1129-36. Epub 2007 Mar 23.

pubmed_id:17384003

[2]:

reference_text:Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4.

pubmed_id:9693263

[3]:

reference_text:Jeitner TM, Bogdanov MB, Matson WR, Daikhin Y, Yudkoff M, Folk JE, Steinman L, Browne SE, Beal MF, Blass JP, Cooper AJ: N(epsilon)-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine (GGEL) is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Huntington's disease. J Neurochem. 2001 Dec;79(5):1109-12.

pubmed_id:11739625

[4]:

reference_text:Anagnostouli M, Livaniou E, Nyalala JO, Evangelatos G, Zournas C, Ithakissios DS, Papageorgiou C: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of biotin in various neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999 Jun;99(6):387-92.

pubmed_id:10577274

name:Epilepsy

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

[2]:

reference_text:Cady EB, Lorek A, Penrice J, Reynolds EO, Iles RA, Burns SP, Coutts GA, Cowan FM: Detection of propan-1,2-diol in neonatal brain by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 1994 Dec;32(6):764-7.

pubmed_id:7869898

[3]:

reference_text:Perosa SR, Porcionatto MA, Cukiert A, Martins JR, Amado D, Nader HB, Cavalheiro EA, Leite JP, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG: Extracellular matrix components are altered in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2002;43 Suppl 5:159-61.

pubmed_id:12121313

[4]:

reference_text:Spanaki MV, Siegel H, Kopylev L, Fazilat S, Dean A, Liow K, Ben-Menachem E, Gaillard WD, Theodore WH: The effect of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Neurology. 1999 Oct 22;53(7):1518-22.

pubmed_id:10534261

[5]:

reference_text:Rating D, Siemes H, Loscher W: Low CSF GABA concentration in children with febrile convulsions, untreated epilepsy, and meningitis. J Neurol. 1983;230(4):217-25.

pubmed_id:6198481

[6]:

reference_text:Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48.

pubmed_id:1705463

[7]:

reference_text:Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74.

pubmed_id:7126379

[8]:

reference_text:Czarnecka J, Cieslak M, Michal K: Application of solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography to qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Aug 5;822(1-2):85-90.

pubmed_id:15993662

[9]:

reference_text:Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9.

pubmed_id:803305

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pubmed_id:10577274

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reference_text:Romigi A, Bari M, Placidi F, Marciani MG, Malaponti M, Torelli F, Izzi F, Prosperetti C, Zannino S, Corte F, Chiaramonte C, Maccarrone M: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide are reduced in patients with untreated newly diagnosed temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2010 May;51(5):768-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02334.x. Epub 2009 Oct 8.

pubmed_id:19817812

[12]:

reference_text:Hirai K, Seki T: Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin levels in febrile seizures and epilepsy in children. Neuropeptides. 2000 Feb;34(1):18-24.

pubmed_id:10688964

[13]:

reference_text:Peters JG: Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin spinal fluid metabolites in temporal lobe epileptic patients with schizophrenic symptomatology. Eur Neurol. 1979;18(1):15-8.

pubmed_id:436860

name:Head injury

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Lambert G, Naredi S, Eden E, Rydenhag B, Friberg P: Monoamine metabolism and sympathetic nervous activation following subarachnoid haemorrhage: influence of gender and hydrocephalus. Brain Res Bull. 2002 May;58(1):77-82.

pubmed_id:12121816

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pubmed_id:18996865

[3]:

reference_text:Sachse KT, Jackson EK, Wisniewski SR, Gillespie DG, Puccio AM, Clark RS, Dixon CE, Kochanek PM: Increases in cerebrospinal fluid caffeine concentration are associated with favorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Feb;28(2):395-401. Epub 2007 Aug 8.

pubmed_id:17684518

[4]:

reference_text:Darwish RS, Amiridze N, Aarabi B: Nitrotyrosine as an oxidative stress marker: evidence for involvement in neurologic outcome in human traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2007 Aug;63(2):439-42.

pubmed_id:17693848

[5]:

reference_text:Bayir H, Kochanek PM, Liu SX, Arroyo A, Osipov A, Jiang J, Wisniewski S, Adelson PD, Graham SH, Kagan VE: Increased S-nitrosothiols and S-nitrosoalbumin in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: indirect association with intracranial pressure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Jan;23(1):51-61.

pubmed_id:12500091

[6]:

reference_text:Burke EJ, Mehlhorn U, Allen SJ: Hyaluronan in cerebrospinal fluid after head injury. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1994 Jun;16(3):103-9.

pubmed_id:7992658

name:Motor neuron disease

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Shukla R, Rajani M, Barthwal MK, Srivastava N, Dikshit M: Cerebrospinal fluid nitrite and malondialdehyde levels in patients with motor neuron disease. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Aug;113(8):1043-54.

pubmed_id:12888419

[2]:

pubmed_id:10577274

[3]:

reference_text:Seckl JR, Lightman SL, Guiloff RJ: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin in motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;50(6):795-7.

pubmed_id:3612158

name:Multiple sclerosis

omim_id:126200

[1]:

reference_text:Lutz NW, Viola A, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Audoin B, Ranjeva JP, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ: Inflammatory multiple-sclerosis plaques generate characteristic metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One. 2007 Jul 4;2(7):e595.

pubmed_id:17611627

[2]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[3]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Lutjohann D, Masterman T: Levels of 7-oxocholesterol in cerebrospinal fluid are more than one thousand times lower than reported in multiple sclerosis. J Lipid Res. 2005 Feb;46(2):191-5. Epub 2004 Dec 1.

pubmed_id:15576852

[4]:

reference_text:Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Ravagna A, Bella R, Butterfield DA, Calvani M, Pennisi G, Giuffrida Stella AM: Disruption of thiol homeostasis and nitrosative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis: evidence for a protective role of acetylcarnitine. Neurochem Res. 2003 Sep;28(9):1321-8.

pubmed_id:12938853

[5]:

reference_text:Shaw CE, Dunbar PR, Macaulay HA, Neale TJ: Measurement of immune markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients during clinical remission. J Neurol. 1995 Jan;242(2):53-8.

pubmed_id:7707089

[6]:

pubmed_id:17384003

[7]:

reference_text:Syburra C, Passi S: Oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 1999 May-Jun;71(3):112-5.

pubmed_id:10609336

[8]:

reference_text:Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6.

pubmed_id:16244395

[9]:

reference_text:Toncev G, Milicic B, Toncev S, Samardzic G: Serum uric acid levels in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with activity of disease and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Eur J Neurol. 2002 May;9(3):221-6.

pubmed_id:11985629

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pubmed_id:10577274

[11]:

reference_text:Scalabrino G, Galimberti D, Mutti E, Scalabrini D, Veber D, De Riz M, Bamonti F, Capello E, Mancardi GL, Scarpini E: Loss of epidermal growth factor regulation by cobalamin in multiple sclerosis. Brain Res. 2010 May 28;1333:64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.073. Epub 2010 Mar 27.

pubmed_id:20347721

[12]:

reference_text:Matsushita T, Isobe N, Kawajiri M, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Horiuchi M, Ohyagi Y, Kira J: CSF angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in anti-aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Aug 15;295(1-2):41-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.05.014. Epub 2010 Jun 11.

pubmed_id:20541774

[13]:

reference_text:Ghabaee M, Jabedari B, Al-E-Eshagh N, Ghaffarpour M, Asadi F: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci. 2010 Apr;120(4):301-4. doi: 10.3109/00207451003695690.

pubmed_id:20374079

[14]:

reference_text:Kawajiri M, Mogi M, Osoegawa M, Matsuoka T, Tsukuda K, Kohara K, Horiuchi M, Miki T, Kira JI: Reduction of angiotensin II in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008 May;14(4):557-60. doi: 10.1177/1352458507085760.

pubmed_id:18562510

[15]:

reference_text:Visconti A, Cotichini R, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Forte G, Ghazaryan A, Santucci S, D'Ippolito C, Stazi MA, Salvetti M, Alimonti A, Ristori G: Concentration of elements in serum of patients affected by multiple sclerosis with first demyelinating episode: a six-month longitudinal follow-up study. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):217-22.

pubmed_id:16244396

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

[1]:

reference_text:Ishiwata S, Itoh K, Yamaguchi T, Ishida N, Mizugaki M: Comparison of serum and urinary levels of modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, in cancer patients using a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995 May;176(1):61-8.

pubmed_id:7482520

[2]:

reference_text:Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345.

pubmed_id:19006102

[3]:

reference_text:Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013.

pubmed_id:23940645

[4]:

reference_text:Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

pubmed_id:24424155

[5]:

reference_text:Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13.

pubmed_id:20156336

[6]:

reference_text:Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162.

pubmed_id:19678709

[7]:

reference_text:Cheng Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Zou X, Zheng M, Tan B, Feng B, Dong T, He P, Zhao L, Zhao A, Xu LX, Zhang Y, Jia W: Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1354-63. doi: 10.1021/pr201001a. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

pubmed_id:22148915

[8]:

reference_text:Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

pubmed_id:25105552

[9]:

reference_text:Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

pubmed_id:21773981

[10]:

reference_text:Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18.

pubmed_id:25037050

[11]:

reference_text:Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27015276

[12]:

reference_text:Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762.

pubmed_id:27107423

[13]:

reference_text:Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27275383

[14]:

reference_text:Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:28587349

[15]:

reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

KEGG数据库编号

C00120

DrugBank数据库编号

DB00121

foodb数据库编号

FDB014510

ChemSpider数据库编号

149962

公共化学化合物编号

171548

PDB数据库编号

生物利益的化学实体数据库编号

15956

knapsack数据库编号

C00000756

维基百科编号

Biotin

代谢途径的数据库编号

BIOTIN

苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号

比格数据库编号

33931

梅林编号

243

虚拟机身份证编号

BTN

fbonto数据库编号

综合参考

Corey, E. J.; Mehrotra, Mukund M. A simple and enantioselective synthesis of (+)-biotin. Tetrahedron Letters (1988), 29(1), 57-60.

一般参考

protein_accession:HMDBP00018

name:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2

uniprot_id:O00763

gene_name:ACACB

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00019

name:Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P11498

gene_name:PC

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00047

name:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1

uniprot_id:Q13085

gene_name:ACACA

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP00258

name:Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P05166

gene_name:PCCB

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00259

name:Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P05165

gene_name:PCCA

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00508

name:Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q9HCC0

gene_name:MCCC2

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00509

name:Biotin--protein ligase

uniprot_id:P50747

gene_name:HLCS

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00510

name:Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q96RQ3

gene_name:MCCC1

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP00546

name:Biotinidase

uniprot_id:P43251

gene_name:BTD

protein_type:Enzyme

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP01547

name:Cytochrome P450 1B1

uniprot_id:Q16678

gene_name:CYP1B1

protein_type:Unknown

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP02621

name:Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter

uniprot_id:Q9Y289

gene_name:SLC5A6

protein_type:Unknown

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP10788

name:Putative uncharacterized protein DKFZp686B20267

uniprot_id:Q68D27

gene_name:DKFZp686B20267

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

reference_text:Thuy LP, Belmont J, Nyhan WL: Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Prenat Diagn. 1999 Feb;19(2):108-12.

pubmed_id:10215065

reference_text:Zempleni J, McCormick DB, Mock DM: Identification of biotin sulfone, bisnorbiotin methyl ketone, and tetranorbiotin-l-sulfoxide in human urine. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;65(2):508-11.

pubmed_id:9022537

reference_text:Bussolati G, Gugliotta P, Volante M, Pace M, Papotti M: Retrieved endogenous biotin: a novel marker and a potential pitfall in diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Histopathology. 1997 Nov;31(5):400-7.

pubmed_id:9416479

reference_text:Mock DM, Stadler DD, Stratton SL, Mock NI: Biotin status assessed longitudinally in pregnant women. J Nutr. 1997 May;127(5):710-6.

pubmed_id:9164991

reference_text:Thuy LP, Sweetman L, Nyhan WL: A new immunochemical assay for biotin. Clin Chim Acta. 1991 Oct 31;202(3):191-7.

pubmed_id:1814646

reference_text:Limat A, Suormala T, Hunziker T, Waelti ER, Braathen LR, Baumgartner R: Proliferation and differentiation of cultured human follicular keratinocytes are not influenced by biotin. Arch Dermatol Res. 1996;288(1):31-8.

pubmed_id:8750932

reference_text:Bigham SL, Ballard JD, Giles KD, Clelland CS, Jeffcoat R, Griffin KS, Farley TD, Bushman DR, Wright JR: Synthesis and possible applications of biotin-linked copper clusters. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 1990;22(2):63-72.

pubmed_id:2100006

reference_text:Mock DM, Stadler DD: Conflicting indicators of biotin status from a cross-sectional study of normal pregnancy. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Jun;16(3):252-7.

pubmed_id:9176832

10:

reference_text:Bingham JP, Bian S, Tan ZY, Takacs Z, Moczydlowski E: Synthesis of a biotin derivative of iberiotoxin: binding interactions with streptavidin and the BK Ca2+-activated K+ channel expressed in a human cell line. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 May-Jun;17(3):689-99.

pubmed_id:16704206

11:

reference_text:Mock DM: Biotin status: which are valid indicators and how do we know? J Nutr. 1999 Feb;129(2S Suppl):498S-503S.

pubmed_id:10064317

12:

reference_text:Mock DM, Dyken ME: Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology. 1997 Nov;49(5):1444-7.

pubmed_id:9371938

13:

reference_text:Mock DM, Nyalala JO, Raguseo RM: A direct streptavidin-binding assay does not accurately quantitate biotin in human urine. J Nutr. 2001 Aug;131(8):2208-14.

pubmed_id:11481419

14:

reference_text:Mardach R, Zempleni J, Wolf B, Cannon MJ, Jennings ML, Cress S, Boylan J, Roth S, Cederbaum S, Mock DM: Biotin dependency due to a defect in biotin transport. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jun;109(12):1617-23.

pubmed_id:12070309

15:

reference_text:Mock DM, Heird GM: Urinary biotin analogs increase in humans during chronic supplementation: the analogs are biotin metabolites. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 1):E83-5.

pubmed_id:9038855

16:

reference_text:Fujimoto W, Inaoki M, Fukui T, Inoue Y, Kuhara T: Biotin deficiency in an infant fed with amino acid formula. J Dermatol. 2005 Apr;32(4):256-61.

pubmed_id:15863846

17:

reference_text:Schenker S, Hu ZQ, Johnson RF, Yang Y, Frosto T, Elliott BD, Henderson GI, Mock DM: Human placental biotin transport: normal characteristics and effect of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Jun;17(3):566-75.

pubmed_id:8333586

18:

reference_text:Mock NI, Malik MI, Stumbo PJ, Bishop WP, Mock DM: Increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and decreased urinary excretion of biotin are sensitive early indicators of decreased biotin status in experimental biotin deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Apr;65(4):951-8.

pubmed_id:9094878

19:

reference_text:Grafe F, Wohlrab W, Neubert RH, Brandsch M: Transport of biotin in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Mar;120(3):428-33.

pubmed_id:12603856

20:

reference_text:Gravel RA, Narang MA: Molecular genetics of biotin metabolism: old vitamin, new science. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Jul;16(7):428-31.

pubmed_id:15992684

21:

reference_text:Zempleni J: Uptake, localization, and noncarboxylase roles of biotin. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:175-96.

pubmed_id:16011464

22:

reference_text:Holmberg A, Blomstergren A, Nord O, Lukacs M, Lundeberg J, Uhlen M: The biotin-streptavidin interaction can be reversibly broken using water at elevated temperatures. Electrophoresis. 2005 Feb;26(3):501-10.

pubmed_id:15690449

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名称
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传统名称
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代谢物结构字符串
inchi标识符
印记键
分类学
本体论
状态
实验性质
预测性质
光谱
生物学性质
正常浓度
异常浓度
疾病参考
KEGG数据库编号
DrugBank数据库编号
foodb数据库编号
ChemSpider数据库编号
公共化学化合物编号
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
knapsack数据库编号
维基百科编号
代谢途径的数据库编号
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
梅林编号
虚拟机身份证编号
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
一般参考
蛋白质结合

目录