人类代谢组数据库

版本

5.0

创建日期

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

更新日期

2020-11-09 23:13:14 UTC

登录号

HMDB0000294

地位

quantified

二级访问

HMDB00294

名称

Urea

描述

Urea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Urea is formed in a cyclic pathway known simply as the urea cycle. In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea. Urea is essentially a waste product; it has no physiological function. It is dissolved in blood (in humans in a concentration of 2.5 - 7.5 mmol/liter) and excreted by the kidney in the urine. In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in human sweat. Urea is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

同义词

1:1728

2:Carbamide

3:Carbonyldiamide

4:e927b

5:H2NC(O)NH2

6:Harnstoff

7:Karbamid

8:ur

9:Uree

10:Pastaron

11:Alphadrate

12:ARF

13:b-I-K

14:beta-I-K

15:Bromisovalum

16:Bubber shet

17:Calmurid

18:Calmurid HC

19:Carbaderm

20:Carbamide resin

21:Carbonyl diamide

22:Carbonyl diamine

23:Carbonyldiamine

24:Carmol

25:Helicosol

26:Hyanit

27:Isourea

28:Keratinamin

29:Keratinamin kowa

30:Mocovina

31:Onychomal

32:Panafil

33:URE

34:Ureaphil

35:Ureophil

36:Basodexan

化学式

CH4N2O

平均分子量

60.0553

等位分子量

60.03236276

化学名称

urea

传统名称

urea

CAS 登记号

57-13-6

代谢物结构字符串

NC(N)=O

inchi标识符

InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

印记键

XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

分类学

description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.

description:Ureas

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organic acids and derivatives

class:Organic carbonic acids and derivatives

sub_class:Ureas

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:Carbonyl compounds

2:Hydrocarbon derivatives

3:Organic oxides

4:Organonitrogen compounds

5:Organopnictogen compounds

6:Aliphatic acyclic compound

7:Carbonyl group

8:Hydrocarbon derivative

9:Organic nitrogen compound

10:Organic oxide

11:Organic oxygen compound

12:Organonitrogen compound

13:Organooxygen compound

14:Organopnictogen compound

15:Urea

16:a small molecule

17:isourea

18:one-carbon compound

本体论

term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Supragingival Plaque

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Tuberculous meningitis

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Tuberculosis meningitis

synonym:Tubercular meningitis

synonym:Tb meningitis

term:Cirrhosis

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Liver cirrhosis

term:Uremia

definition:A disorder characterized by accummulation of solutes in the blood of people with chronic kidney disease. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Uraemia

term:Infections and infestations

definition:Any disorder resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, or parasitic agent. it can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. (nci).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Synthetic

definition:A man-made product or sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Personal care product

definition:

parent_id:7742

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pcp

synonym:Toiletries

synonym:Toiletry

synonym:Personal hygiene

synonym:Beautification product

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Liver

definition:An abdominal organ that has variable lobation which are composed mainly of hepatic lobules. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Kidney

definition:The organs of the urinary tract located in the retroperitoneal cavity adjacent to the spine and composed of the renal cortex and the renal medulla. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Kidneys

term:Skin

definition:An organ that constitutes the external surface of the body. it consists of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Sweat

definition:Secretion produced by a sweat gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Metabolite

definition:A chemical substance produced during metabolism process, as an intermediate or end-product.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Personal care products

definition:Cosmetics and personal hygene products in which a chemical was incorportaed during the manufacturing process.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

状态

Solid

实验性质

kind:water_solubility

value:545.0 mg/mL

source:

kind:logp

value:-2.11

source:HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

kind:melting_point

value:132 °C

source:

预测性质

kind:logp

value:-1.78

source:ALOGPS

kind:logs

value:0.84

source:ALOGPS

kind:solubility

value:412 g/L

source:ALOGPS

kind:logp

value:-1.4

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:15.73

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:-2.4

source:ChemAxon

kind:iupac

value:urea

source:ChemAxon

kind:average_mass

value:60.0553

source:ChemAxon

kind:mono_mass

value:60.03236276

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:NC(N)=O

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:CH4N2O

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:69.11

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:13.14

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:5.1

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:0

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:1

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:2

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

光谱

生物学性质

cellular:(1):Extracellular

cellular:(2):Mitochondria

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cellular Cytoplasm

biospecimen:(4):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(5):Feces

biospecimen:(6):Saliva

biospecimen:(7):Sweat

biospecimen:(8):Urine

tissue:(1):Epidermis

tissue:(2):Kidney

tissue:(3):Liver

tissue:(4):Placenta

tissue:(5):Prostate

[1]:

name:Amiloride Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00133

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:Arginine and proline metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00330

[3]:

name:Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00362

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Argininemia

smpdb_id:SMP00357

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:Argininosuccinic Aciduria

smpdb_id:SMP00003

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Bendroflumethiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00090

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Blue diaper syndrome

smpdb_id:SMP00583

kegg_map_id:

[8]:

name:Bumetanide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00088

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00002

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:Chlorothiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00078

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:Chlorthalidone Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00122

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:Citrullinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00001

kegg_map_id:

[13]:

name:Creatine deficiency, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00504

kegg_map_id:

[14]:

name:Cyclothiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00103

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:Cystinuria

smpdb_id:SMP00723

kegg_map_id:

[16]:

name:D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00036

kegg_map_id:map00472

[17]:

name:Eplerenone Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00135

kegg_map_id:

[18]:

name:Ethacrynic Acid Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00097

kegg_map_id:

[19]:

name:Furosemide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00115

kegg_map_id:

[20]:

name:Glucose Transporter Defect (SGLT2)

smpdb_id:SMP00184

kegg_map_id:

[21]:

name:Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00188

kegg_map_id:

[22]:

name:Hartnup Disorder

smpdb_id:SMP00189

kegg_map_id:

[23]:

name:Hydrochlorothiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00100

kegg_map_id:

[24]:

name:Hydroflumethiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00108

kegg_map_id:

[25]:

name:Hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA)

smpdb_id:SMP00505

kegg_map_id:

[26]:

name:Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]

smpdb_id:SMP00506

kegg_map_id:

[27]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00361

kegg_map_id:

[28]:

name:Hyperprolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00360

kegg_map_id:

[29]:

name:Iminoglycinuria

smpdb_id:SMP00193

kegg_map_id:

[30]:

name:Indapamide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00110

kegg_map_id:

[31]:

name:Kidney Function

smpdb_id:SMP00483

kegg_map_id:

[32]:

name:L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00507

kegg_map_id:

[33]:

name:Lysinuric Protein Intolerance

smpdb_id:SMP00197

kegg_map_id:

[34]:

name:Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)

smpdb_id:SMP00585

kegg_map_id:

[35]:

name:Methyclothiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00081

kegg_map_id:

[36]:

name:Metolazone Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00105

kegg_map_id:

[37]:

name:Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00363

kegg_map_id:

[38]:

name:Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)

smpdb_id:SMP00205

kegg_map_id:

[39]:

name:Polythiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00080

kegg_map_id:

[40]:

name:Prolidase Deficiency (PD)

smpdb_id:SMP00207

kegg_map_id:

[41]:

name:Prolinemia Type II

smpdb_id:SMP00208

kegg_map_id:

[42]:

name:Quinethazone Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00091

kegg_map_id:

[43]:

name:Spironolactone Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00134

kegg_map_id:

[44]:

name:Torsemide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00118

kegg_map_id:

[45]:

name:Triamterene Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00132

kegg_map_id:

[46]:

name:Trichlormethiazide Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00121

kegg_map_id:

[47]:

name:Urea Cycle

smpdb_id:SMP00059

kegg_map_id:map00330

正常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6074.6 +/- 2154.2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4530.0 (2590.0 - 6470.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4010.0 +/- 920.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3600.0 (2680.0 - 4780.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5210.0 (4310.0 - 6780.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6500.0 (4000.0-9000.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1665.132-3330.264

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:466.24-3829.80

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0 - <14 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:566.15-2797.42

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (15 days - <1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1498.62-3679.94

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - <10 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1215.55-3163.75

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (10 - <19 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1215.55-3496.78

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (10 - <19 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:<6666.667

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1400-6800

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2500-7500

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:4500 +/- 830

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Cellular Cytoplasm

concentration_value:2960 +/- 1000

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:3820.0 (0.0-7640.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:4160.0 (2300.0-6060.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:476 +/- 198

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:495 +/- 173

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:617.11 +/- 504.11

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-6985

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:normal

31:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-9528

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:277 (<1-2662)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-1624

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-5647

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-6820

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

45:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

46:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:30000

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (60 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

47:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:< 10

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (40 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

48:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

49:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

50:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

51:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:15491.64-38812.40

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

52:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:22566.0 +/- 4407.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

53:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6286.43

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

54:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:12285 (174-49097)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

55:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:55008.542 +/- 103035.182

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

56:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

57:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:25033.333 +/- 6540

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

58:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

59:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:29.6 (6.579-52.6)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Breast cancer

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1998.16-2497.70

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Primary Hypomagnesemia

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3500.0 +/- 1500.0

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cirrhosis

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3309.9 +/- 1844

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Heart Transplant

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4495.856

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Primary Familial Xanthomatosis With Involvement and Calcification of the Adrenals

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:11389.503

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:7193.37

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4945.442-9524.555

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6400

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:38333.333 +/- 18333.333

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Uremia

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5000

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Dimethylglycinuria

13:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Breast cancer

14:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:1800.0 (1500.0-2100.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Tuberculous meningitis

15:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:2150.0 (1850.0-2450.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Meningitis

16:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

17:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Not Specified

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cryptosporidium infection

18:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

19:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Supragingival Plaque

20:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:95178.255 +/- 174047.532

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

21:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

22:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Hepatocellular carcinoma

23:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Breast cancer

疾病参考

name:Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Zheng YF, Kong HW, Xiong JH, Lv S, Xu GW: Clinical significance and prognostic value of urinary nucleosides in breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem. 2005 Jan;38(1):24-30.

pubmed_id:15607313

[2]:

reference_text:Byun JA, Lee SH, Jung BH, Choi MH, Moon MH, Chung BC: Analysis of polyamines as carbamoyl derivatives in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Jan;22(1):73-80.

pubmed_id:17668437

[3]:

reference_text:Zhang Z, Chen H, Chan KK, Budd T, Ganapathi R: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of perillyl alcohol and metabolites in plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 May 14;728(1):85-95.

pubmed_id:10379660

[4]:

reference_text:Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, Ljung BM, Bauer DC, Cummings SR, Kuller LH: Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov;14(6):740-4.

pubmed_id:14569192

[5]:

reference_text:Grace PB, Mistry NS, Carter MH, Leathem AJ, Teale P: High throughput quantification of phytoestrogens in human urine and serum using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Jun 15;853(1-2):138-46. Epub 2007 Mar 18.

pubmed_id:17403619

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reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

[7]:

reference_text:Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22.

pubmed_id:22284503

[8]:

reference_text:Lv W, Yang T: Identification of possible biomarkers for breast cancer from free fatty acid profiles determined by GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Clin Biochem. 2012 Jan;45(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Oct 26.

pubmed_id:22061338

[9]:

reference_text:Nam H, Chung BC, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee D: Combining tissue transcriptomics and urine metabolomics for breast cancer biomarker identification. Bioinformatics. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):3151-7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp558. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

pubmed_id:19783829

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reference_text:Woo HM, Kim KM, Choi MH, Jung BH, Lee J, Kong G, Nam SJ, Kim S, Bai SW, Chung BC: Mass spectrometry based metabolomic approaches in urinary biomarker study of women's cancers. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Feb;400(1-2):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.014. Epub 2008 Oct 30.

pubmed_id:19010317

name:Cirrhosis

omim_id:

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reference_text:Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6.

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reference_text:Pinna G, Meinhold H, Hiedra L, Thoma R, Hoell T, Graf KJ, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Eravci M, Prengel H, Brodel O, Finke R, Baumgartner A: Elevated 3,5-diiodothyronine concentrations in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses and brain tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1535-42.

pubmed_id:9141546

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reference_text:Halperin G, Elisaf M, Leitersdorf E, Harats D: A new method for determination of serum cholestanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jun 9;742(2):345-52.

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reference_text:Casazza JP, Frietas J, Stambuk D, Morgan MY, Veech RL: The measurement of 1,2-propanediol, D, L-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol in controls and alcoholic cirrhotics. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1987;1:607-9.

pubmed_id:3426740

[6]:

reference_text:Kobayashi N, Katsumata H, Uto Y, Goto J, Niwa T, Kobayashi K, Mizuuchi Y: A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of glycolithocholic acid sulfate in human urine for liver function test. Steroids. 2002 Sep;67(10):827-33.

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pubmed_id:7752905

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reference_text:Batta AK, Arora R, Salen G, Tint GS, Eskreis D, Katz S: Characterization of serum and urinary bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. J Lipid Res. 1989 Dec;30(12):1953-62.

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reference_text:Yonekura T, Kamata S, Wasa M, Okada A, Yamatodani A, Watanabe T, Wada H: Simultaneous determination of plasma phenethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tyramine and octopamine by high-performance liquid chromatography using derivatization with fluorescamine. J Chromatogr. 1988 Jun 3;427(2):320-5.

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reference_text:Szebeni J, Eskelson C, Sampliner R, Hartmann B, Griffin J, Dormandy T, Watson RR: Plasma fatty acid pattern including diene-conjugated linoleic acid in ethanol users and patients with ethanol-related liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1986 Dec;10(6):647-50.

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reference_text:Somogyi A, Siebert D, Bochner F: Determination of endogenous concentrations of N1-methylnicotinamide in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1990 May 15;187(1):160-5.

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reference_text:Thornton JR, Losowsky MS: Plasma leucine enkephalin is increased in liver disease. Gut. 1989 Oct;30(10):1392-5.

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reference_text:Afdhal NH, Keaveny AP, Cohen SB, Nunes DP, Maldonado N, O'Brien M, Stone PJ: Urinary assays for desmosine and hydroxylysylpyridinoline in the detection of cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1997 Dec;27(6):993-1002.

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reference_text:Paroni R, Ceriotti F, Galanello R, Battista Leoni G, Panico A, Scurati E, Paleari R, Chemello L, Quaino V, Scaldaferri L, Lapolla A, Mosca A: Performance characteristics and clinical utility of an enzymatic method for the measurement of glycated albumin in plasma. Clin Biochem. 2007 Dec;40(18):1398-405. Epub 2007 Aug 10.

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reference_text:Ressom HW, Xiao JF, Tuli L, Varghese RS, Zhou B, Tsai TH, Ranjbar MR, Zhao Y, Wang J, Di Poto C, Cheema AK, Tadesse MG, Goldman R, Shetty K: Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Sep 19;743:90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Jul 20.

pubmed_id:22882828

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reference_text:Cao H, Huang H, Xu W, Chen D, Yu J, Li J, Li L: Fecal metabolome profiling of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Apr 8;691(1-2):68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.038. Epub 2011 Feb 23.

pubmed_id:21458633

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reference_text:Huang HJ, Zhang AY, Cao HC, Lu HF, Wang BH, Xie Q, Xu W, Li LJ: Metabolomic analyses of faeces reveals malabsorption in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2013 Aug;45(8):677-82. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:23384618

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

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reference_text:Ishiwata S, Itoh K, Yamaguchi T, Ishida N, Mizugaki M: Comparison of serum and urinary levels of modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, in cancer patients using a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995 May;176(1):61-8.

pubmed_id:7482520

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reference_text:Cheng Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Zou X, Zheng M, Tan B, Feng B, Dong T, He P, Zhao L, Zhao A, Xu LX, Zhang Y, Jia W: Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1354-63. doi: 10.1021/pr201001a. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

pubmed_id:22148915

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reference_text:Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345.

pubmed_id:19006102

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reference_text:Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013.

pubmed_id:23940645

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reference_text:Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

pubmed_id:24424155

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reference_text:Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13.

pubmed_id:20156336

[7]:

reference_text:Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162.

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reference_text:Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

pubmed_id:25105552

[9]:

reference_text:Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

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reference_text:Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18.

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reference_text:Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016.

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reference_text:Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762.

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reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

name:Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

omim_id:605850

[1]:

reference_text:Moolenaar SH, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Corstiaensen JM, Heerschap A, de Jong JG, Binzak BA, Vockley J, Wevers RA: Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):459-64.

pubmed_id:10102904

name:Hepatocellular carcinoma

omim_id:114550

[1]:

pubmed_id:7482520

[2]:

reference_text:Matsumata T, Yamamoto K, Shirabe K, Shimada M, Sugimachi K, Takesue F, Muto Y, Ikeda T: Urinary excretion of prostaglandins and renal function after hepatic resection. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997 May-Jun;44(15):774-8.

pubmed_id:9222688

[3]:

pubmed_id:22882828

[4]:

reference_text:Wu H, Xue R, Dong L, Liu T, Deng C, Zeng H, Shen X: Metabolomic profiling of human urine in hepatocellular carcinoma patients using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Aug 19;648(1):98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.033. Epub 2009 Jun 21.

pubmed_id:19616694

[5]:

pubmed_id:21458633

name:Meningitis

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25.

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[2]:

reference_text:Kastenbauer S, Koedel U, Becker BF, Pfister HW: Oxidative stress in bacterial meningitis in humans. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:11805243

[3]:

reference_text:Lerche A, Svenson M, Wiik A: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of cyclic nucleotides in meningitis and idiopathic polyneuritis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1984 Mar;69(3):168-75.

pubmed_id:6326460

[4]:

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pubmed_id:7729054

[5]:

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pubmed_id:6198481

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reference_text:Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6.

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[9]:

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reference_text:Laurent UB, Laurent TC, Hellsing LK, Persson L, Hartman M, Lilja K: Hyaluronan in human cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996 Sep;94(3):194-206.

pubmed_id:8899053

name:Tuberculous meningitis

omim_id:

[1]:

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[2]:

reference_text:Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9.

pubmed_id:12964115

[3]:

reference_text:French GL, Teoh R, Chan CY, Humphries MJ, Cheung SW, O'Mahony G: Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by detection of tuberculostearic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet. 1987 Jul 18;2(8551):117-9.

pubmed_id:2885596

[4]:

pubmed_id:12581805

[5]:

pubmed_id:9542731

name:Uremia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.

pubmed_id:2026685

[2]:

reference_text:Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6.

pubmed_id:8087979

[3]:

reference_text:Niwa T, Takeda N, Yoshizumi H: RNA metabolism in uremic patients: accumulation of modified ribonucleosides in uremic serum. Technical note. Kidney Int. 1998 Jun;53(6):1801-6.

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[4]:

reference_text:Paul BD, Smith ML: Cyanide and thiocyanate in human saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Oct;30(8):511-5.

pubmed_id:17132244

[5]:

reference_text:Kai M, Miyazaki T, Ohkura Y: High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of guanidino compounds of clinical importance in human urine and serum by pre-column fluorescence derivatization using benzoin. J Chromatogr. 1984 Nov 28;311(2):257-66.

pubmed_id:6520173

[6]:

reference_text:Psychogios N, Hau DD, Peng J, Guo AC, Mandal R, Bouatra S, Sinelnikov I, Krishnamurthy R, Eisner R, Gautam B, Young N, Xia J, Knox C, Dong E, Huang P, Hollander Z, Pedersen TL, Smith SR, Bamforth F, Greiner R, McManus B, Newman JW, Goodfriend T, Wishart DS: The human serum metabolome. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 16;6(2):e16957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016957.

pubmed_id:21359215

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reference_text:Ogawa Y, Machida N, Jahana M, Gakiya M, Chinen Y, Oda M, Morozumi M, Sugaya K: Major factors modulating the serum oxalic acid level in hemodialysis patients. Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 1;9:2901-8.

pubmed_id:15353324

[8]:

reference_text:Canepa A, Filho JC, Gutierrez A, Carrea A, Forsberg AM, Nilsson E, Verrina E, Perfumo F, Bergstrom J: Free amino acids in plasma, red blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and muscle in normal and uraemic children. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Mar;17(3):413-21.

pubmed_id:11865086

[9]:

reference_text:Hoppe B, Kemper MJ, Hvizd MG, Sailer DE, Langman CB: Simultaneous determination of oxalate, citrate and sulfate in children's plasma with ion chromatography. Kidney Int. 1998 May;53(5):1348-52.

pubmed_id:9573551

[10]:

reference_text:Fujita T, Amuro Y, Hada T, Higashino K: Plasma levels of pipecolic acid, both L- and D-enantiomers, in patients with chronic liver diseases, especially hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Sep;287(1-2):99-109.

pubmed_id:10509899

[11]:

pubmed_id:7482520

[12]:

reference_text:Guo K, Li L: Differential 12C-/13C-isotope dansylation labeling and fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for absolute and relative quantification of the metabolome. Anal Chem. 2009 May 15;81(10):3919-32. doi: 10.1021/ac900166a.

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[13]:

reference_text:Bouatra S, Aziat F, Mandal R, Guo AC, Wilson MR, Knox C, Bjorndahl TC, Krishnamurthy R, Saleem F, Liu P, Dame ZT, Poelzer J, Huynh J, Yallou FS, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bogumil R, Roehring C, Wishart DS: The human urine metabolome. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073076. eCollection 2013.

pubmed_id:24023812

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reference_text:Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24.

pubmed_id:22626821

[15]:

reference_text:Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x.

pubmed_id:12675874

[16]:

reference_text:Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.

pubmed_id:

[17]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

[18]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 80-82. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

[19]:

reference_text:Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

pubmed_id:

[20]:

reference_text:David F. Putnam Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine. NASA Contractor Report. July 1971

pubmed_id:

[21]:

reference_text:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Survey) 2013

pubmed_id:

name:Primary hypomagnesemia

omim_id:248250

[1]:

reference_text:Jin-no Y, Kamiya Y, Okada M, Hirako M, Takada N, Kawaguchi M: Primary hypomagnesemia caused by isolated magnesium malabsorption: atypical case in adult. Intern Med. 1999 Mar;38(3):261-5.

pubmed_id:10337938

[2]:

reference_text:Vainsel M, Vandevelde G, Smulders J, Vosters M, Hubain P, Loeb H: Tetany due to hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Apr;45(240):254-8.

pubmed_id:5419995

[3]:

reference_text:Shalev H, Phillip M, Galil A, Carmi R, Landau D: Clinical presentation and outcome in primary familial hypomagnesaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Feb;78(2):127-30.

pubmed_id:9579153

[4]:

reference_text:Kari JA, Farouq M, Alshaya HO: Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Jun;18(6):506-10. Epub 2003 Apr 29.

pubmed_id:12720080

10:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

11:

name:Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal

omim_id:241200

[1]:

reference_text:Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29.

pubmed_id:26069767

12:

name:Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness

omim_id:613090

[1]:

reference_text:Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944.

pubmed_id:18310267

13:

name:Supragingival Plaque

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

KEGG数据库编号

C00086

DrugBank数据库编号

DB03904

foodb数据库编号

FDB012174

ChemSpider数据库编号

1143

公共化学化合物编号

1176

PDB数据库编号

生物利益的化学实体数据库编号

16199

knapsack数据库编号

C00007314

维基百科编号

Urea

代谢途径的数据库编号

UREA

苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号

比格数据库编号

33799

梅林编号

虚拟机身份证编号

UREA

fbonto数据库编号

综合参考

Leuthardt, F.; Glasson, B. Biological synthesis of urea. Verhandl. Ver. schweiz. Physiol. (1942), 21 25-7.

一般参考

protein_accession:HMDBP00298

name:Arginase-1

uniprot_id:P05089

gene_name:ARG1

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP01035

name:Arginase-2, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P78540

gene_name:ARG2

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP02058

name:Carbonic anhydrase 2

uniprot_id:P00918

gene_name:CA2

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP02169

name:Catenin beta-1

uniprot_id:P35222

gene_name:CTNNB1

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP02521

name:Urea transporter 2

uniprot_id:Q15849

gene_name:SLC14A2

protein_type:Transporter

protein_accession:HMDBP02696

name:Agmatinase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q9BSE5

gene_name:AGMAT

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP02907

name:Urea transporter 1

uniprot_id:Q13336

gene_name:SLC14A1

protein_type:Transporter

protein_accession:HMDBP07715

name:G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A

uniprot_id:Q5T6X5

gene_name:GPRC6A

protein_type:Unknown

protein_accession:HMDBP09152

name:Probable allantoicase

uniprot_id:Q8N6M5

gene_name:ALLC

protein_type:Enzyme

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP10700

name:HERV-K_5q33.3 provirus ancestral Pro protein

uniprot_id:P10265

gene_name:

protein_type:Enzyme

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP10870

name:Urea transporter JK glycoprotein

uniprot_id:Q8WXW8

gene_name:JK

protein_type:Unknown

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP10871

name:Blood group Kidd urea transporter

uniprot_id:Q71UV7

gene_name:HUT11

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

pubmed_id:15627241

reference_text:Deja M, Hildebrandt B, Ahlers O, Riess H, Wust P, Gerlach H, Kerner T: Goal-directed therapy of cardiac preload in induced whole-body hyperthermia. Chest. 2005 Aug;128(2):580-6.

pubmed_id:16100141

reference_text:Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52.

pubmed_id:11237944

reference_text:Georges J: Determination of ammonia and urea in urine and of urea in blood by use of an ammonia-selective electrode. Clin Chem. 1979 Nov;25(11):1888-90.

pubmed_id:498498

reference_text:Vaidya VS, Bonventre JV: Mechanistic biomarkers for cytotoxic acute kidney injury. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2006 Oct;2(5):697-713.

pubmed_id:17014390

reference_text:Nandan RK, Sivapathasundharam B, Sivakumar G: Oral manifestations and analysis of salivary and blood urea levels of patients under going haemo dialysis and kidney transplant. Indian J Dent Res. 2005 Jul-Sep;16(3):77-82.

pubmed_id:16454320

reference_text:Zocco MA, Di Campli C, Gaspari R, Candelli M, Nista EC, Zileri Dal Verme L, Di Gioacchino G, Santoliquido A, Flore R, Tondi P, Proietti R, Pola P, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A: Improvement of mitochondrial function evaluated by ketoisocaproic acid breath test in patients with HCV infection undergoing albumin dialysis. Transplant Proc. 2005 Jul-Aug;37(6):2554-6.

pubmed_id:16182741

reference_text:Kohnle M, Pietruck F, Kribben A, Philipp T, Heemann U, Witzke O: Ezetimibe for the treatment of uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia in patients with high-dose statin therapy after renal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2006 Jan;6(1):205-8.

pubmed_id:16433776

10:

reference_text:Malyszko J, Malyszko J, Wolczynski S, Mysliwiec M: Adiponectin, leptin and thyroid hormones in patients with chronic renal failure and on renal replacement therapy: are they related? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006 Jan;21(1):145-52. Epub 2005 Sep 2.

pubmed_id:16141459

11:

reference_text:Miller TR, Anderson RJ, Linas SL, Henrich WL, Berns AS, Gabow PA, Schrier RW: Urinary diagnostic indices in acute renal failure: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1978 Jul;89(1):47-50.

pubmed_id:666184

12:

reference_text:Authors unspecified: Final report of the safety assessment of Urea. Int J Toxicol. 2005;24 Suppl 3:1-56.

pubmed_id:16422263

13:

reference_text:Miles L, Heubi JE, Bove KE: Hepatocyte glycogen accumulation in patients undergoing dietary management of urea cycle defects mimics storage disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Apr;40(4):471-6.

pubmed_id:15795597

14:

reference_text:Hobbs JR: Monitoring myelomatosis. Arch Intern Med. 1975 Jan;135(1):125-30.

pubmed_id:1111461

15:

reference_text:Racz I, Soos G, Jakab E: [Water content of the skin following salicylic acid and urea treatment]. Hautarzt. 1989;40 Suppl 9:61-2.

pubmed_id:2807925

16:

reference_text:Younes H, Alphonse JC, Deteix R: [Role of dietary fibers in the nutritional management of chronic renal failure]. Nephrologie. 2004;25(7):283-5.

pubmed_id:15584637

17:

reference_text:Roszczenko A, Galazyn-Sidorczuk M, Brzoska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J, Zwierz K: [Select parameters of renal function in smokers in correlation with the exposure to cadmium]. Przegl Lek. 2004;61(4):348-50.

pubmed_id:15521599

18:

reference_text:Gowda GA, Somashekar BS, Ijare OB, Sharma A, Kapoor VK, Khetrapal CL: One-step analysis of major bile components in human bile using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Lipids. 2006 Jun;41(6):577-89.

pubmed_id:16981436

19:

reference_text:Kurekci AE, Atay AA, Sarici SU, Yesilkaya E, Senses Z, Okutan V, Ozcan O: Is there a relationship between childhood Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia? J Trop Pediatr. 2005 Jun;51(3):166-9. Epub 2005 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:15855306

20:

reference_text:Fostel J, Boneva R, Lloyd A: Exploration of the gene expression correlates of chronic unexplained fatigue using factor analysis. Pharmacogenomics. 2006 Apr;7(3):441-54.

pubmed_id:16610954

21:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

版本
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登录号
地位
二级访问
名称
描述
同义词
化学式
平均分子量
等位分子量
化学名称
传统名称
CAS 登记号
代谢物结构字符串
inchi标识符
印记键
分类学
本体论
状态
实验性质
预测性质
光谱
生物学性质
正常浓度
异常浓度
疾病参考
KEGG数据库编号
DrugBank数据库编号
foodb数据库编号
ChemSpider数据库编号
公共化学化合物编号
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
knapsack数据库编号
维基百科编号
代谢途径的数据库编号
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
梅林编号
虚拟机身份证编号
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
一般参考
蛋白质结合

目录