创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-09-14 15:20:01 UTC
二级访问
HMDB0001918
HMDB00248
HMDB01918
描述
Thyroxine (3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodothyronine) or T4 is one of two major hormones derived from the thyroid gland, the other being triiodothyronine (T3). The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4), which has a longer half-life than T3. In humans, the ratio of T4 to T3 released into the blood is approximately 14:1. T4 is converted to the active T3 (three to four times more potent than T4) within cells by enzymes known as deiodinases (5′-iodinase). Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Iodine is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine and other thyroid hormones. Through a reaction with the enzyme thyroperoxidase, iodine is covalently bound to tyrosine residues found in the thyroglobulin protein, forming monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Linking two moieties of DIT produces thyroxine. Combining one molecule of MIT and one molecule of DIT produces triiodothyronine. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Iodide is actively absorbed from the bloodstream and concentrated in the thyroid follicles where thyroxine is produced. If there is a deficiency of dietary iodine, the thyroid enlarges in an attempt to trap more iodine, resulting in a condition called goitre. More specifically, the lack of thyroid hormones will lead to decreased negative feedback on the pituitary gland, leading to increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone, which causes the thyroid to enlarge, leading to goitre. Thyroxine can be peripherally de-iodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid hormones function via a well-studied set of nuclear receptors, termed the thyroid hormone receptors. They act on nearly every cell in the body. In particular, thyroid hormones act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds. They also stimulate vitamin metabolism. Numerous physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis. Levothyroxine, a manufactured form of thyroxine, was the most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 114 million prescriptions.
同义词
1:3,3',5,5'-Tetraiodo-L-thyronine
2:3,5,3',5'-TETRAIODO-L-thyronine
3:4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine
4:L-T4
5:Levothyroxin
6:Levothyroxine
7:LT4
8:O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
9:T4
10:L-Thyroxine
11:O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diidophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
12:3,5,3'5'-Tetraiodo-L-thyronine
13:Forthyron
14:(-)-Thyroxine
15:3,3',5,5''-tetraiodo-L-Thyronine
16:3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine
17:D-Thyroxine
18:DL-Thyroxin
19:Henning
20:L-3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine
21:L-Thyroxin
22:Laevothyroxinum
23:Levothroid
24:Levothyroxine sodium
25:Levothyroxinum
26:Levoxyl
27:Prestwick_548
28:Synthroid
29:Tetraiodothyronine
30:Tetramet
31:THX
32:Thyratabs
33:Thyrax
34:Thyreoideum
35:Thyroxin
36:Thyroxinal
37:Thyroxine I 125
38:Thyroxine iodine
39:Allphar brand OF levothyroxine sodium
40:Berlthyrox
41:Delalande, levothyroxin
42:Dexnon
43:Eferox
44:Eltroxin
45:Kern brand OF levothyroxine sodium
46:L-Thyrox
47:L-Thyroxin henning
48:L-Thyroxin beta
49:L-Thyroxine roche
50:Levothyroxin deladande
51:Lévothyrox
52:Merck lipha santé brand OF levothyroxine sodium
53:Nourypharma brand OF levothyroxine sodium
54:Oroxine
55:Aventis brand OF levothyroxine sodium
56:Euthyrox
57:Eutirox
58:Forest brand OF levothyroxine sodium
59:Genpharm brand OF levothyroxine sodium
60:GlaxoSmithKline brand OF levothyroxine sodium
61:Goldshield brand OF levothyroxine sodium
62:LThyroxin henning
63:levo-T
64:Sanofi synthelabo brand OF levothyroxine sodium
65:Sigma brand OF levothyroxine sodium
66:Synthrox
67:Thevier
68:Watson brand OF levothyroxine sodium
69:Berlin chemie brand OF levothyroxine sodium
70:Delalande brand OF levothyroxine sodium
71:Eltroxine
72:Hexal brand 2 OF levothyroxine sodium
73:L Thyroxine roche
74:Novothyral
75:Tiroidine
76:Vortex brand OF levothyroxine sodium
77:Abbot brand OF levothyroxine sodium
78:Berlin-chemie brand OF levothyroxine sodium
79:Byk brand OF levothyroxine sodium
80:Deladande, levothyroxin
81:GlaxoWellcome brand OF levothyroxine sodium
82:Henning berlin brand OF levothyroxine sodium
83:Hexal brand 1 OF levothyroxine sodium
84:L Thyrox
85:L Thyroxin henning
86:L Thyroxin beta
87:L Thyroxine
88:LThyroxin beta
89:leo, Tiroxina
90:levo T
91:LevoT
92:Levothyroid
93:Levothyroxin delalande
94:Levoxine
95:Merck brand OF levothyroxine sodium
96:Monarch brand OF levothyroxine sodium
97:Mova brand OF levothyroxine sodium
98:Novothyrox
99:O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl) 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
100:O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine
101:Roche brand OF levothyroxine sodium
102:Rudefsa brand OF levothyroxine sodium
103:Sodium levothyroxine
104:T4 Thyroid hormone
105:Thyroid hormone, T4
106:Tiroxina leo
107:Unithroid
108:Betapharm brand OF levothyroxine sodium
化学名称
(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
代谢物结构字符串
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23)/t12-/m0/s1
印记键
XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
description:Phenylalanine and derivatives
kingdom:Organic compounds
super_class:Organic acids and derivatives
class:Carboxylic acids and derivatives
sub_class:Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
molecular_framework:Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
1:Amino acids
2:Amphetamines and derivatives
3:Aralkylamines
4:Aryl iodides
5:Carbonyl compounds
6:Carboxylic acids
7:Diarylethers
8:Diphenylethers
9:Hydrocarbon derivatives
10:Iodobenzenes
11:L-alpha-amino acids
12:Monoalkylamines
13:Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
14:O-iodophenols
15:Organic oxides
16:Organoiodides
17:Organopnictogen compounds
18:Phenol ethers
19:Phenoxy compounds
20:Phenylpropanoic acids
21:2-halophenol
22:2-iodophenol
23:3-phenylpropanoic-acid
24:Alpha-amino acid
25:Amine
26:Amino acid
27:Amphetamine or derivatives
28:Aralkylamine
29:Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
30:Aryl halide
31:Aryl iodide
32:Benzenoid
33:Carbonyl group
34:Carboxylic acid
35:Diaryl ether
36:Diphenylether
37:Ether
38:Halobenzene
39:Hydrocarbon derivative
40:Iodobenzene
41:L-alpha-amino acid
42:Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
43:Monocyclic benzene moiety
44:Organic nitrogen compound
45:Organic oxide
46:Organic oxygen compound
47:Organohalogen compound
48:Organoiodide
49:Organonitrogen compound
50:Organooxygen compound
51:Organopnictogen compound
52:Phenol
53:Phenol ether
54:Phenoxy compound
55:Phenylalanine or derivatives
56:Primary aliphatic amine
57:Primary amine
58:2-halophenol
59:Biogenic amines
60:L-phenylalanine derivative
61:Other amino acids
62:iodophenol
63:non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
64:thyroxine
65:thyroxine
本体论
term:Physiological effect
definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Health effect
definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.
parent_id:7693
*level:2
type:parent
term:Health condition
definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.
parent_id:7694
**level:3
type:parent
term:Anorexia nervosa
definition:An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. (do).
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Anorexia
term:Proteinuria
definition:A disorder characterized by excess excretion of albumin in the urine. usually an early sign for ckd.
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Albuminuria
term:Endocrine disorders
definition:Any disorder that affects the endocrine system. it can be neoplastic (carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma) or non-neoplastic (such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency).
parent_id:7695
***level:4
type:parent
term:Disposition
definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Source
definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.
parent_id:7724
*level:2
type:parent
term:Endogenous
definition:
parent_id:7735
**level:3
type:child
term:Biological location
definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.
parent_id:7724
*level:2
type:parent
term:Tissue and substructures
definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Placenta
definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
term:Adipose tissue
definition:A specialized form of connective tissue consisting primarily of adipocytes (fat cells), surrounded by a meshwork of collagen fibers. (NCI)
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Fat tissue
synonym:Body fat
synonym:Adipose
term:Skeletal muscle
definition:Striated muscles that are under voluntary control of the organism. they are connected at either or both ends to a bone and are utilized for locomotion and other movements. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Striated muscle
term:Muscle
definition:A fibrous soft tissue with the ability to contract to produce force and motion. (nci).
parent_id:7729
***level:4
type:child
term:Organ and components
definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Gonad
definition:A reproductive system organ that produces and releases either sperm (testis) or eggs (ovary). (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Intestine
definition:The portion of the gastrointestinal tract that includes the small and large intestines.
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Testicle
definition:Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Testes
synonym:Testis
term:Spleen
definition:An abdominal organ that is part of the hematopoietic and immune systems. it is composed of the white pulp and the red pulp and is surrounded by a capsule. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
term:Prostate
definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Prostate gland
term:Endocrine gland
definition:
parent_id:7727
***level:4
type:parent
term:Biofluid and excreta
definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Urine
definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Saliva
definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Blood
definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.
parent_id:7731
***level:4
type:child
term:Subcellular
definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Cytoplasm
definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Cytoplasma
term:Membrane
definition:
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
term:Myelin sheath
definition:A layer of phospholipids and protein found on neuronal axons. this structure acts as an electrical insulator that allows nerve impulses to travel faster by increasing the resistance and decreasing the capacitance over that found in unmyelinated nerve fibers. (nci).
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Myelin
term:Cell membrane
definition:A cellular compartment that separates a cellВ interiorВ from its exterior.
parent_id:7730
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Cellular membrane
term:Cell and elements
definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.
parent_id:7725
**level:3
type:parent
term:Extracellular
definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:child
synonym:Extracellular region
term:Element
definition:
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:parent
term:Cell
definition:
parent_id:7732
***level:4
type:parent
term:Process
definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Naturally occurring process
definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.
parent_id:7659
*level:2
type:parent
term:Biological process
definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.
parent_id:7660
**level:3
type:parent
term:Biochemical pathway
definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.
parent_id:7661
***level:4
type:parent
term:Role
definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .
parent_id:
level:1
type:parent
term:Industrial application
definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.
parent_id:7671
*level:2
type:parent
term:Pharmaceutical industry
definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.
parent_id:7678
**level:3
type:parent
term:Pharmaceutical
definition:
parent_id:7679
***level:4
type:child
实验性质
1:
kind:melting_point
value:235.5 °C
source:
预测性质
1:
kind:logp
value:1.15
source:ALOGPS
2:
kind:logs
value:-4.94
source:ALOGPS
3:
kind:solubility
value:0.009 g/L
source:ALOGPS
4:
kind:logp
value:3.73
source:ChemAxon
5:
kind:pka_strongest_acidic
value:0.27
source:ChemAxon
6:
kind:pka_strongest_basic
value:9.43
source:ChemAxon
7:
kind:iupac
value:(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
source:ChemAxon
8:
kind:average_mass
value:776.87
source:ChemAxon
9:
kind:mono_mass
value:776.686681525
source:ChemAxon
10:
kind:smiles
value:N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
source:ChemAxon
11:
kind:formula
value:C15H11I4NO4
source:ChemAxon
12:
kind:inchi
value:InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23)/t12-/m0/s1
source:ChemAxon
13:
kind:inchikey
value:XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N
source:ChemAxon
14:
kind:polar_surface_area
value:92.78
source:ChemAxon
15:
kind:refractivity
value:126.79
source:ChemAxon
16:
kind:polarizability
value:49.4
source:ChemAxon
17:
kind:rotatable_bond_count
value:5
source:ChemAxon
18:
kind:acceptor_count
value:4
source:ChemAxon
19:
kind:donor_count
value:3
source:ChemAxon
20:
kind:physiological_charge
value:0
source:ChemAxon
21:
kind:formal_charge
value:0
source:ChemAxon
22:
kind:number_of_rings
value:2
source:ChemAxon
23:
kind:bioavailability
value:Yes
source:ChemAxon
24:
kind:rule_of_five
value:No
source:ChemAxon
25:
kind:ghose_filter
value:No
source:ChemAxon
26:
kind:veber_rule
value:No
source:ChemAxon
27:
kind:mddr_like_rule
value:No
source:ChemAxon
1:
type:Specdb::NmrTwoD
spectrum_id:1237
2:
type:Specdb::CMs
spectrum_id:64449
3:
type:Specdb::NmrOneD
spectrum_id:1276
4:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:424
5:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:425
6:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:426
7:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:261528
8:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:261529
9:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:261530
10:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:281460
11:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:281461
12:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:281462
13:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:450455
14:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2227952
15:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2233314
16:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2235621
17:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2252274
18:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2254229
19:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2254288
20:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2256263
21:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2256374
22:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2258225
23:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2258403
24:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2260163
25:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2681946
26:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2681947
27:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:2681948
28:
type:Specdb::MsMs
spectrum_id:3027075
生物学性质
1:
cellular:(1):Cytoplasm
cellular:(2):Extracellular
cellular:(3):Membrane
2:
biospecimen:(1):Blood
biospecimen:(2):Saliva
biospecimen:(3):Urine
3:
tissue:(1):Adipose Tissue
tissue:(2):Fibroblasts
tissue:(3):Intestine
tissue:(4):Neuron
tissue:(5):Ovary
tissue:(6):Placenta
tissue:(7):Platelet
tissue:(8):Prostate
tissue:(9):Skeletal Muscle
tissue:(10):Spleen
tissue:(11):Testis
tissue:(12):Thyroid Gland
4:
[1]:
name:Thyroid hormone synthesis
smpdb_id:SMP00716
kegg_map_id:
[2]:
name:Tyrosine metabolism
smpdb_id:
kegg_map_id:map00350
正常浓度
1:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000009 - 0.000023
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
2:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.13 +/- 0.0061
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
3:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000016 (0.0000064-0.000064)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
4:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0000144 +/- 0.0000036
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
5:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0600-0.150
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
6:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.105-0.215
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
7:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0700-0.175
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
8:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:60-160
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
9:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000010 - 0.000023
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Female
subject_condition:Normal
10:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000010 - 0.000023
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Male
subject_condition:Normal
11:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000010 - 0.000023
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
12:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0399 - 0.162
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
13:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000012-0.000025
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
14:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.00001-0.000023
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
15:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000009-0.00002
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
16:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0579-0.148
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
17:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0515-0.142
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)
subject_sex:Not Specified
subject_condition:Normal
18:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.00002 (0.00001-0.00003)
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
19:
biospecimen:Saliva
concentration_value:0.0 - 1.0
concentration_units:uM
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
20:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:0.00032 +/- 0.00015
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)
subject_sex:Both
subject_condition:Normal
异常浓度
1:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0000185 +/- 0.0000052
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Hypothyroidism
2:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.057 +/- 0.0058
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Malnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus)
3:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000011 +/- 0.0000016
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Anorexia nervosa
4:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:<0.0100
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1
5:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0540-0.112
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Pendred Syndrome
6:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0260-0.164
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Pendred Syndrome
7:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0953
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
8:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:23-55.2
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2
9:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000009
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1
10:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.00000219
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1
11:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.00000557
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1
12:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.000009
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
13:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0180-0.0206
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2
14:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0579
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)
patient_sex:Male
patient_information:Diabetes Mellitus, Congenital Insulin-dependent, With Fatal Secretory Diarrhea; Immunodeficiency, Polyendocrinopathy, and Enteropathy, X-linked, Formerly
15:
biospecimen:Blood
concentration_value:0.0747
concentration_units:uM
patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)
patient_sex:Female
patient_information:Leptin Deficiency or Dysfunction
16:
biospecimen:Urine
concentration_value:0.0015 +/- 0.00154
concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine
patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)
patient_sex:Both
patient_information:Proteinuria
疾病参考
1:
name:Anorexia nervosa
omim_id:606788
[1]:
reference_text:Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8.
pubmed_id:10197568
[2]:
reference_text:Vierhapper H, Kiss A, Nowotny P, Wiesnagrotzki S, Monder C, Waldhausl W: Metabolism of cortisol in anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990 Jun;122(6):753-8.
pubmed_id:2165347
[3]:
reference_text:Anderson GM, Gerner RH, Cohen DJ, Fairbanks L: Central tryptamine turnover in depression, schizophrenia, and anorexia: measurement of indoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. Biol Psychiatry. 1984 Oct;19(10):1427-35.
pubmed_id:6518200
2:
name:Hypothyroidism
omim_id:
[1]:
reference_text:Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7.
pubmed_id:9849813
[2]:
reference_text:Verhelst J, Berwaerts J, Marescau B, Abs R, Neels H, Mahler C, De Deyn PP: Serum creatine, creatinine, and other guanidino compounds in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Metabolism. 1997 Sep;46(9):1063-7.
pubmed_id:9284897
[3]:
reference_text:Chopra IJ, Santini F, Hurd RE, Chua Teco GN: A radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyroxine sulfate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jan;76(1):145-50.
pubmed_id:8421080
[4]:
reference_text:Hommel E, Faber J, Kirkegaard C, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T: Urinary excretion of unconjugated and conjugated 3,5-diiodothyronine. Horm Metab Res. 1985 Feb;17(2):90-2.
pubmed_id:3988241
[5]:
reference_text:Yoshida K, Sakurada T, Kaise N, Yamamoto M, Kaise K, Saito S, Yoshinaga K: Measurement of triiodothyronine in urine. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1980 Dec;132(4):389-95.
pubmed_id:7256725
3:
name:Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
omim_id:201810
[1]:
reference_text:Hattori N, Ishihara T, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo K, Kurahachi H: A case of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to partial 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. Endocr J. 1993 Feb;40(1):107-9.
pubmed_id:7951484
[2]:
reference_text:Lutfallah C, Wang W, Mason JI, Chang YT, Haider A, Rich B, Castro-Magana M, Copeland KC, David R, Pang S: Newly proposed hormonal criteria via genotypic proof for type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2611-22. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.6.8615.
pubmed_id:12050224
[3]:
reference_text:Benkert AR, Young M, Robinson D, Hendrickson C, Lee PA, Strauss KA: Severe Salt-Losing 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Treatment and Outcomes of HSD3B2 c.35G>A Homozygotes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):E1105-15. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2098. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
pubmed_id:26079780
[4]:
reference_text:Guven A, Polat S: Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor in Two Brothers with a Novel Mutation in the 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017 Mar 1;9(1):85-90. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.3306. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
pubmed_id:27476613
4:
name:Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 1
omim_id:613038
[1]:
reference_text:Bertko E, Klammt J, Dusatkova P, Bahceci M, Gonc N, Ten Have L, Kandemir N, Mansmann G, Obermannova B, Oostdijk W, Pfaffle H, Rockstroh-Lippold D, Schlicke M, Tuzcu AK, Pfaffle R: Combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to gross deletions in the POU1F1 (PIT-1) and PROP1 genes. J Hum Genet. 2017 Aug;62(8):755-762. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2017.34. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
pubmed_id:28356564
[2]:
reference_text:Ayoola OO, Oladejo FA, Dattani M, Clayton PE: Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency caused by pit-I mutation and the challenges of management in a developing country. Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2008 Dec;6(2):21-6.
pubmed_id:25161449
5:
name:Pendred Syndrome
omim_id:274600
[1]:
reference_text:Coakley JC, Keir EH, Connelly JF: The association of thyroid dyshormonogenesis and deafness (Pendred syndrome): experience of the Victorian Neonatal Thyroid Screening Programme. J Paediatr Child Health. 1992 Oct;28(5):398-401.
pubmed_id:1389454
6:
name:Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
omim_id:600955
[1]:
reference_text:O'Rahilly S, Gray H, Humphreys PJ, Krook A, Polonsky KS, White A, Gibson S, Taylor K, Carr C: Brief report: impaired processing of prohormones associated with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis and adrenal function. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 23;333(21):1386-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199511233332104.
pubmed_id:7477119
7:
name:Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2
omim_id:218700
[1]:
reference_text:White CW, Wiedermann BL, Kirkland RT, Clayton GW: Hereditary congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism. Am J Dis Child. 1981 Jun;135(6):568-9.
pubmed_id:7234795
[2]:
reference_text:Al Taji E, Biebermann H, Limanova Z, Hnikova O, Zikmund J, Dame C, Gruters A, Lebl J, Krude H: Screening for mutations in transcription factors in a Czech cohort of 170 patients with congenital and early-onset hypothyroidism: identification of a novel PAX8 mutation in dominantly inherited early-onset non-autoimmune hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 May;156(5):521-9. doi: 10.1530/EJE-06-0709.
pubmed_id:17468187
8:
name:Diabetes Mellitus, Congenital Insulin-dependent, With Fatal Secretory Diarrhea; Immunodeficiency, Polyendocrinopathy, and Enteropathy, X-linked, Formerly
omim_id:304790
[1]:
reference_text:Levy-Lahad E, Wildin RS: Neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy, thrombocytopenia, and endocrinopathy: Further evidence for an X-linked lethal syndrome. J Pediatr. 2001 Apr;138(4):577-80. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.111502.
pubmed_id:11295725
9:
name:Leptin Deficiency or Dysfunction
omim_id:614962
[1]:
reference_text:Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, Lawrence E, Cheetham CH, Prentice AM, Hughes IA, McCamish MA, O'Rahilly S: Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):879-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909163411204.
pubmed_id:10486419
10:
name:Proteinuria
omim_id:
[1]:
reference_text:Chandurkar V, Shik J, Randell E: Exacerbation of underlying hypothyroidism caused by proteinuria and induction of urinary thyroxine loss: case report and subsequent investigation. Endocr Pract. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):97-103.
pubmed_id:18238748
综合参考
Martinovich, V. P.; Katok, Ya. M.; Fil'chenkov, N. A.; Sviridov, O. V. Conjugated synthesis of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine. Vestsi Natsyyanal'nai Akademii Navuk Belarusi, Seryya Khimichnykh Navuk (2004), (1), 85-92.
一般参考
1:
protein_accession:HMDBP00276
name:Thyroid peroxidase
uniprot_id:P07202
gene_name:TPO
protein_type:Unknown
2:
protein_accession:HMDBP00451
name:Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1
uniprot_id:Q9NYB5
gene_name:SLCO1C1
protein_type:Transporter
3:
protein_accession:HMDBP00454
name:Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
uniprot_id:Q9Y6L6
gene_name:SLCO1B1
protein_type:Transporter
4:
protein_accession:HMDBP01061
name:Type I iodothyronine deiodinase
uniprot_id:P49895
gene_name:DIO1
protein_type:Enzyme
5:
protein_accession:HMDBP01062
name:Type II iodothyronine deiodinase
uniprot_id:Q92813
gene_name:DIO2
protein_type:Enzyme
6:
protein_accession:HMDBP01831
name:Transthyretin
uniprot_id:P02766
gene_name:TTR
protein_type:Enzyme
7:
protein_accession:HMDBP02886
name:Thyroxine-binding globulin
uniprot_id:P05543
gene_name:SERPINA7
protein_type:Enzyme
8:
protein_accession:HMDBP03090
name:4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
uniprot_id:P08195
gene_name:SLC3A2
protein_type:Unknown
9:
protein_accession:HMDBP09381
name:Type III iodothyronine deiodinase
uniprot_id:P55073
gene_name:DIO3
protein_type:Enzyme
10:
protein_accession:HMDBP11966
name:Sulfotransferase 6B1
uniprot_id:Q6IMI4
gene_name:SULT6B1
protein_type:Unknown
蛋白质结合
1:
reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.
pubmed_id:19212411
2:
reference_text:Gil'miiarova FN, Pervova IuV, Radomskaia VM, Gergel' NI, Tarasova SV: [Levels of unified metabolites and thyroid hormones in blood and oral fluid of children with minimal brain dysfunction]. Biomed Khim. 2004 Mar-Apr;50(2):204-10.
pubmed_id:15179829
3:
reference_text:Kahan IL, Varsanyi-Nagy M, Toth M, Nadrai A: The possible role of tear fluid thyroxine in keratoconus development. Exp Eye Res. 1990 Apr;50(4):339-43.
pubmed_id:2338121
4:
reference_text:Jagannathan NR, Tandon N, Raghunathan P, Kochupillai N: Reversal of abnormalities of myelination by thyroxine therapy in congenital hypothyroidism: localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1998 Aug 8;109(2):179-86.
pubmed_id:9729372
5:
reference_text:Kurz W, Wittlinger G, Litmanovitch YI, Romanoff H, Pfeifer Y, Tal E, Sulman FG: Effect of manual lymph drainage massage on urinary excretion of neurohormones and minerals in chronic lymphedema. Angiology. 1978 Oct;29(10):764-72.
pubmed_id:717839
6:
reference_text:Randolph VS: Four clinical chemistry analyses for pediatric patients: glycosylated hemoglobin, free bilirubin, sweat electrolytes, neonatal thyroxine. Am J Med Technol. 1982 Jan;48(1):15-22.
pubmed_id:7041647
7:
reference_text:van Wassenaer AG, Stulp MR, Valianpour F, Tamminga P, Ris Stalpers C, de Randamie JS, van Beusekom C, de Vijlder JJ: The quantity of thyroid hormone in human milk is too low to influence plasma thyroid hormone levels in the very preterm infant. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 May;56(5):621-7.
pubmed_id:12030913
8:
reference_text:Etling N, Gehin-Fouque F, Vielh JP, Gautray JP: The iodine content of amniotic fluid and placental transfer of iodinated drugs. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Mar;53(3):376-80.
pubmed_id:424113
9:
reference_text:Zenovko EI, Pavlov BA, Koreshkov GG, Gudukina GN, Sonkina EG: [Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. Ter Arkh. 1998;70(1):49-52.
pubmed_id:9532653
10:
reference_text:Hays MT, McGuire RA, Hoogeveen JT, Diezeraad KN: Measurement method for radioactive thyroxine, triiodothyronine, iodide, and iodoprotein in samples with low activity. J Nucl Med. 1980 Mar;21(3):225-32.
pubmed_id:7365515
11:
reference_text:Benvenga S, Alesci S, Trimarchi F: High-density lipoprotein-facilitated entry of thyroid hormones into cells: a mechanism different from the low-density lipoprotein-facilitated entry. Thyroid. 2002 Jul;12(7):547-56.
pubmed_id:12193297
12:
reference_text:Hausman GJ, Wright JT, Latimer A, Watson R, Martin RJ: The influence of human growth hormone (GH) and thyroxine (T4) on the differentiation of adipose tissue in the fetus. Obes Res. 1993 Sep;1(5):345-56.
pubmed_id:16350585
13:
reference_text:Gil-Loyzaga P, Remezal M, Mollicone R, Ibanez A, Oriol R: H and B human blood-group antigen expression in cochlear hair cells is modulated by thyroxine. Cell Tissue Res. 1994 May;276(2):239-43.
pubmed_id:8020061
14:
reference_text:Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI, Gomez-Bueno M, Galan JM, Barrios V, Sancho J: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized trial comparing L-thyroxine plus liothyronine with L-thyroxine alone. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):412-24.
pubmed_id:15767619
15:
reference_text:Bode HH, Vanjonack WJ, Crawford JD: Mitigation of cretinism by breast-feeding. Pediatrics. 1978 Jul;62(1):13-6.
pubmed_id:683777
16:
reference_text:Marks P, Anderson J, Vincent R: Aldosterone in myxoedema. Lancet. 1978 Dec 16;2(8103):1277-8.
pubmed_id:82781
17:
reference_text:Sutherland RL, Simpson-Morgan MW: The thyroxine-binding properties of serum proteins. A competitive binding technique employing sephadex G-25. J Endocrinol. 1975 Jun;65(3):319-32.
pubmed_id:807668
18:
reference_text:Braley-Mullen H, Sharp GC: A thyroxine-containing thyroglobulin peptide induces both lymphocytic and granulomatous forms of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. J Autoimmun. 1997 Dec;10(6):531-40.
pubmed_id:9451592
19:
reference_text:Raghu P, Reddy GB, Sivakumar B: Inhibition of transthyretin amyloid fibril formation by 2,4-dinitrophenol through tetramer stabilization. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Apr 1;400(1):43-7.
pubmed_id:11913969
20:
reference_text:Hekimsoy Z, Oktem IK: Serum creatine kinase levels in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocr Res. 2005;31(3):171-5.
pubmed_id:16392619