人类代谢组数据库

版本

5.0

创建日期

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

更新日期

2021-10-13 04:27:43 UTC

登录号

HMDB0000201

地位

quantified

二级访问

HMDB0000456

HMDB0000515

HMDB00201

HMDB00456

HMDB00515

名称

L-Acetylcarnitine

描述

L-Acetylcarnitine (Acetylcarnitine or ALC or LAC) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates the movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. Acetylcarnitine is an endogenous compound widely distributed in many tissues, including brain. Chemically, acetylcarnitine is the acetylated derivative of the amino acid L-carnitine whose function is generally correlated with regulation of energy metabolism within mitochondria. The synthesis of acetylcarnitine is catalyzed by the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane as well as in endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome. CAT promotes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to carnitine, thereby producing acetylcarnitine and free CoA (PMID: 29267192). After being synthetized, acetylcarnitine is transported outside mitochondria into the cytosol by the enzyme carnitine/acetylcarnitine translocase (CACT). This is a crucial metabolic reaction for beta-oxidation of fatty acids whereby acetylcarnitine facilitates the transport of acetyl-CoA across mitochondrial membranes (PMID: 29267192). In addition to his metabolic role, L-acetylcarnitine possesses unique neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, and neurotrophic properties. acetylcarnitine is mobile throughout the plasma membranes and can rapidly cross blood-brain barrier. Indeed, acetylcarnitine can be transported by the high-affinity sodium-dependent organic cation/transporter (OCTN2), which is functionally expressed in cells forming the blood-brain barrier (PMID: 29267192). A wide range of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the multiplicity of acetylcarnitine activities within nervous tissues. In particular, it has been demonstrated that acetylcarnitine modulates the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) and enhances the expression of NGF receptors in striatum/hippocampus during development (PMID: 29267192). Moreover, acetylcarnitine modulates different neurotransmitter systems, including the GABAergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic system by increasing acetyl-CoA content and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. This may play an important role in counteracting various neurodegenerative disease processes (PMID: 15363640).

同义词

1:(-)-Acetylcarnitine

2:(R)-Acetylcarnitine

3:Acetyl-L-(-)-carnitine

4:Acetyl-L-carnitine

5:L-Carnitine acetyl ester

6:L-O-Acetylcarnitine

7:O-Acetyl-(R)-carnitine

8:R-Acetylcarnitine

9:L-Acetylcarnitine

10:Branigen

11:Levocarnitine acetyl

12:Acetyl carnitine

13:Carnitine, acetyl

14:Alcar

15:Acetyl L carnitine

16:Acetylcarnitine, (R)-isomer

17:Medosan

18:ALC

19:3-(Acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

20:Acetyl-DL-carnitine

21:Acetylcarnitine

22:DL-O-Acetylcarnitine

23:3-(Acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid

24:(+-)-Acetylcarnitine

25:Acetyl-carnitine

26:ALCAR

27:Nicetile

28:O-Acetyl-L-carnitine

29:O-Acetylcarnitine

30:(3R)-3-Acetyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

31:C2 Carnitine

化学式

C9H18NO4

平均分子量

204.2435

等位分子量

204.123583069

化学名称

(3R)-3-(acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

传统名称

acetyl-L-carnitine

CAS 登记号

3040-38-8

代谢物结构字符串

CC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

inchi标识符

InChI=1S/C9H17NO4/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3/p+1/t8-/m1/s1

印记键

RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-O

分类学

description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond.

description:Acyl carnitines

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Lipids and lipid-like molecules

class:Fatty Acyls

sub_class:Fatty acid esters

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:Amines

2:Carbonyl compounds

3:Carboxylic acid esters

4:Carboxylic acid salts

5:Carboxylic acids

6:Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

7:Hydrocarbon derivatives

8:Organic oxides

9:Organic salts

10:Organopnictogen compounds

11:Tetraalkylammonium salts

12:Acyl-carnitine

13:Aliphatic acyclic compound

14:Amine

15:Carbonyl group

16:Carboxylic acid

17:Carboxylic acid derivative

18:Carboxylic acid ester

19:Carboxylic acid salt

20:Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives

21:Hydrocarbon derivative

22:Organic nitrogen compound

23:Organic oxide

24:Organic oxygen compound

25:Organic salt

26:Organonitrogen compound

27:Organooxygen compound

28:Organopnictogen compound

29:Quaternary ammonium salt

30:Tetraalkylammonium salt

31:O-acetylcarnitine

32:O-acyl-L-carnitine

本体论

term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Attachment loss

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Periodontal Probing Depth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Tooth Decay

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Very long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency

definition:A lipid metabolism disorder that is characterized by deficiency of the enzyme very long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase that results in the inability to convert very long chain fatty acids. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Vlcad

synonym:Vlchad

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Brain

definition:An organ composed of grey and white matter that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. it is protected by the bony cranium. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Skeletal muscle

definition:Striated muscles that are under voluntary control of the organism. they are connected at either or both ends to a bone and are utilized for locomotion and other movements. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Striated muscle

term:Muscle

definition:A fibrous soft tissue with the ability to contract to produce force and motion. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Membrane

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Endoplasmic reticulum

definition:A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. (Infoplease Dictionary via NCI)

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Er

term:Peroxisome

definition:A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. (Gene Ontology).

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Peroxisome vesicle

synonym:Peroxisomal

term:Cell membrane

definition:A cellular compartment that separates a cellВ interiorВ from its exterior.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cellular membrane

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Cell

definition:

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:parent

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Chemical reaction

definition:A defined chemical event that occurs within or between organism cells.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Biochemical process

definition:A biological process occurring at the subcellular level, involving biochemical reactions.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cellular process

definition:A biological process occurring within a cell or its surroundings.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Surfactant

definition:A chemical substance that has the ability to lower the surface tension of water or to reduce the interfacial tension between two immiscible substances. in the cspa consumer product ingredients dictionary, surfactants are classified on the basis of their ionic characteristics, as amphoteric, anionic, cationic, or nonionic; and functions, which are subdivided into the following major groups: surfactant - cleaning agent, surfactant - conditioning agent, surfactant - emulsifying agent, surfactant - foam booster , surfactant hydrotrop , surfactant - solubility agent, surfactant - suspending agent.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Surface-active agent

term:Emulsifier

definition:Substances that promote the formation and stability of a suspension of fine particles of a liquid in another liquid.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Membrane stabilizer

definition:A chemical substance that supports the formation and maintenance of a structurally-sound and functioning cell or organelle membrane. Phospholipids form a bilayer and maintain the stability of the membrane structure together with proteins, and other lipids (i.e. cholesterol) which further strengthen it and decrease its permeability.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Membrane stability agent

synonym:Membrane integrity agent

term:Energy source

definition:

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Energy storage

definition:A chemical substance which can be utilized for production of energy in the organism.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

term:Nutrient

definition:A chamical substance in food, further ingested and utilized by an organism for its well-being, growth and reproduction.

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

状态

Solid

实验性质

kind:water_solubility

value:1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

source:The Good Scents Company Information System

kind:logp

value:-4.031 (est)

source:The Good Scents Company Information System

kind:melting_point

value:145 °C

source:

预测性质

kind:logp

value:-2.39

source:ALOGPS

kind:logs

value:-2.86

source:ALOGPS

kind:solubility

value:0.36 g/L

source:ALOGPS

kind:logp

value:-4.4

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:4.09

source:ChemAxon

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:-7

source:ChemAxon

kind:iupac

value:(3R)-3-(acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

source:ChemAxon

kind:average_mass

value:204.2435

source:ChemAxon

kind:mono_mass

value:204.123583069

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:CC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C9H18NO4

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C9H17NO4/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3/p+1/t8-/m1/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-O

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:66.43

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:72.64

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:20.82

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:6

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:0

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:6226

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:146532

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1998

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218097

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218098

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218099

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1218100

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3056807

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3056808

10:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3056809

11:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5159

12:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5160

13:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5161

14:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142830

15:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142831

16:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142832

17:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142833

18:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142834

19:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142835

20:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142836

21:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142837

22:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142838

23:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142839

24:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142840

25:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142841

26:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142842

27:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142843

28:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142844

29:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142845

30:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142846

31:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142847

32:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142848

33:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:142849

34:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:166542

光谱

生物学性质

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Endoplasmic reticulum

cellular:(3):Extracellular

cellular:(4):Membrane

cellular:(5):Mitochondria

cellular:(6):Peroxisome

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Feces

biospecimen:(5):Saliva

biospecimen:(6):Urine

tissue:(1):Brain

tissue:(2):Neuron

tissue:(3):Placenta

tissue:(4):Prostate

tissue:(5):Semen

tissue:(6):Skeletal Muscle

[1]:

name:Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked

smpdb_id:SMP00516

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map01040

[3]:

name:Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00517

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Oxidation of Branched Chain Fatty Acids

smpdb_id:SMP00030

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5.48 +/- 2.15

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:16.540 +/- 3.340

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3.00-12.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3.57 (2.91-4.48)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4.09 +/- 5.83

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1.30 +/- 0.81

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6.26 (5.14-7.83)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:

subject_condition:Normal

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:8.05(3.22)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:3.00-12.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6.2 +/- 0.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:5.7 +/- 0.7

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6.56 +/- 2.26

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:4.90 (2.48-8.62)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:10.5 +/- 4.7

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.322 +/- 0.148

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:0.69 +/- 0.33

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:0.39 +/- 0.2

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.973 +/- 0.002

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.843 +/- 0.441

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:0.955 +/- 0.442

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.53 +/- 1.23

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1.68 +/- 0.780

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.38-1.86

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.85 +/- 0.38

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.92 +/- 0.39

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.468 +/- 3.521

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.0 (0.4-5.9)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.8 (0.6-7.5)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7.2058 +/- 6.0635

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.928 +/- 0.2829

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:26.700 +/- 9.700

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:27.740 +/- 9.800

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCHAD)

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:26.400 +/- 9.700

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2.83 +/- 4.08

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Acetaminophen overdose

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:2.5022 (2.2864)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:10.28(3.49)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:800 +/- 200

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:0.316 (0.091-0.760)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (vLCAD)

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6.82 +/- 3.64

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Obesity

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:6.79 +/- 2.28

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Obesity

12:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Crohns disease

13:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

14:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Unclassified IBD

15:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

16:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Attachment loss

17:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Periodontal Probing Depth

18:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Tooth Decay

19:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal adenoma

20:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal adenoma

21:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Bladder cancer

22:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:9.443 +/- 12.772

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

23:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.5552 +/- 13.7484

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

24:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

25:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.3512 +/- 10.4433

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Gastroesophageal reflux disease

疾病参考

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omim_id:201475

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pubmed_id:11978597

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

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reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

name:3-Methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria

omim_id:210200

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pubmed_id:7474896

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reference_text:Thomsen JA, Lund AM, Olesen JH, Mohr M, Rasmussen J: Is L-Carnitine Supplementation Beneficial in 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency? JIMD Rep. 2015;21:79-88. doi: 10.1007/8904_2014_393. Epub 2015 Mar 3.

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pubmed_id:12872837

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name:Short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

omim_id:

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name:3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

omim_id:231530

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pubmed_id:23430856

name:Crohn's disease

omim_id:266600

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pubmed_id:17269711

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reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13.

pubmed_id:23516449

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reference_text:Walton C, Fowler DP, Turner C, Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Cole JA, Cauchi M, Bessant C, Hunter JO: Analysis of volatile organic compounds of bacterial origin in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Sep;19(10):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6.

pubmed_id:23867873

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reference_text:De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8.

pubmed_id:24811995

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reference_text:Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1.

pubmed_id:25598765

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reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

pubmed_id:26806034

[11]:

reference_text:Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:26848182

[12]:

reference_text:Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158.

pubmed_id:27609529

[13]:

reference_text:Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9.

pubmed_id:28842642

name:Ulcerative colitis

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D1035-41. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1126. Epub 2010 Nov 8.

pubmed_id:21059682

[2]:

reference_text:Almer S, Andersson T, Strom M: Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis and in healthy volunteers after the single instillation of 2 g rectally. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;32(1):49-54.

pubmed_id:1740537

[3]:

pubmed_id:17269711

[4]:

reference_text:Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21.

pubmed_id:17314143

[5]:

reference_text:Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8.

pubmed_id:21761941

[6]:

pubmed_id:23516449

[7]:

pubmed_id:23867873

[8]:

pubmed_id:24811995

[9]:

pubmed_id:25598765

[10]:

pubmed_id:26806034

[11]:

pubmed_id:26848182

[12]:

pubmed_id:27609529

[13]:

pubmed_id:28842642

name:Attachment loss

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

10:

name:Periodontal Probing Depth

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:31026179

11:

name:Tooth Decay

omim_id:

[1]:

pubmed_id:31026179

12:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

KEGG数据库编号

DrugBank数据库编号

DB08842

foodb数据库编号

FDB093666

ChemSpider数据库编号

5406074

公共化学化合物编号

PDB数据库编号

生物利益的化学实体数据库编号

57589

knapsack数据库编号

C00052178

维基百科编号

Acetyl-L-carnitine

代谢途径的数据库编号

O-ACETYLCARNITINE

苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号

比格数据库编号

梅林编号

虚拟机身份证编号

fbonto数据库编号

综合参考

Gu, Heng-da; Shi, Shuang; Yang, Ying; Shi, Zhao-xin; Yu, Zhan-long. Synthesis of acetyl-L-carnitine by direct acylation method. Shenyang Huagong Xueyuan Xuebao (2006), 20(2), 154-155, 160.

一般参考

protein_accession:HMDBP00028

name:Carnitine O-acetyltransferase

uniprot_id:P43155

gene_name:CRAT

protein_type:Enzyme

protein_accession:HMDBP02794

name:Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein

uniprot_id:O43772

gene_name:SLC25A20

protein_type:Enzyme

蛋白质结合

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

reference_text:Sakuma T: Alteration of urinary carnitine profile induced by benzoate administration. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Jul;66(7):873-5.

pubmed_id:1863104

reference_text:Grizard G, Lombard-Vignon N, Boucher D: Changes in carnitine and acetylcarnitine in human semen during cryopreservation. Hum Reprod. 1992 Oct;7(9):1245-8.

pubmed_id:1479006

reference_text:Kamimori H, Hamashima Y, Konishi M: Determination of carnitine and saturated-acyl group carnitines in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Biochem. 1994 May 1;218(2):417-24.

pubmed_id:8074302

reference_text:Cooper MB, Forte CA, Jones DA: Citrate interference with the determination of acetylcarnitine: a method for its elimination. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Sep 30;159(3):291-9.

pubmed_id:3769216

reference_text:Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, Bandera L, Cizza G, Forloni G, Tettamanti M, Frattura L, Tiraboschi P, Comelli M, et al.: Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1726-32.

pubmed_id:1944900

reference_text:Brooks DE: Carnitine, acetylcarnitine and the activity of carnitine acyltransferases in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men, rams and rats. J Reprod Fertil. 1979 Jul;56(2):667-73.

pubmed_id:480318

reference_text:Inoue F, Terada N, Nakajima H, Okochi M, Kodo N, Kizaki Z, Kinugasa A, Sawada T: Effect of sports activity on carnitine metabolism. Measurement of free carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine and acylcarnitines by tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 Aug 6;731(1):83-8.

pubmed_id:10491992

reference_text:Niu YJ, Jiang ZM, Shu H, Li CF, Liu W, Yao GX, Jiang J, Li JQ, Longo A: [Assay of carnitine in plasma and urine of healthy adults]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2002 Apr;24(2):185-7.

pubmed_id:12905800

10:

reference_text:Siliprandi N, Di Lisa F, Pieralisi G, Ripari P, Maccari F, Menabo R, Giamberardino MA, Vecchiet L: Metabolic changes induced by maximal exercise in human subjects following L-carnitine administration. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Apr 23;1034(1):17-21.

pubmed_id:2328258

11:

reference_text:Marzo A, Cardace G, Corbelleta C, Bassani E, Morabito E, Arrigoni Martelli E: Homeostatic equilibrium of L-carnitine family before and after i.v. administration of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans, dogs and rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1991;Spec No 3:357-63.

pubmed_id:1820908

12:

reference_text:Novak M, Wieser PB, Buch M, Hahn P: Acetylcarnitine and free carnitine in body fluids before and after birth. Pediatr Res. 1979 Jan;13(1):10-5.

pubmed_id:571081

13:

reference_text:Battistin L, Pizzolato G, Dam M, Da Col C, Perlotto N, Saitta B, Borsato N, Calvani M, Ferlin G: Single-photon emission computed tomography studies with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in dementia: effects of acute administration of L-acetylcarnitine. Eur Neurol. 1989;29(5):261-5.

pubmed_id:2792144

14:

reference_text:Deufel T: Determination of L-carnitine in biological fluids and tissues. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1990 May;28(5):307-11.

pubmed_id:2380667

15:

reference_text:Minkler PE, Hoppel CL: Quantification of free carnitine, individual short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines, and total carnitine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1993 Aug 1;212(2):510-8.

pubmed_id:8214594

16:

reference_text:Bruno G, Scaccianoce S, Bonamini M, Patacchioli FR, Cesarino F, Grassini P, Sorrentino E, Angelucci L, Lenzi GL: Acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer disease: a short-term study on CSF neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1995 Fall;9(3):128-31.

pubmed_id:8534410

17:

reference_text:Pace S, Longo A, Toon S, Rolan P, Evans AM: Pharmacokinetics of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans: evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;50(5):441-8.

pubmed_id:11069438

18:

reference_text:De Rosa M, Boggia B, Amalfi B, Zarrilli S, Vita A, Colao A, Lombardi G: Correlation between seminal carnitine and functional spermatozoal characteristics in men with semen dysfunction of various origins. Drugs R D. 2005;6(1):1-9.

pubmed_id:15801863

19:

reference_text:Zanelli SA, Solenski NJ, Rosenthal RE, Fiskum G: Mechanisms of ischemic neuroprotection by acetyl-L-carnitine. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Aug;1053:153-61.

pubmed_id:16179519

20:

reference_text:Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Lindh G, Evengard B, Hagberg G, Matsumura K, Iwase M, Onoe H, Takahashi M, Machii T, Kanakura Y, Kitani T, Langstrom B, Watanabe Y: Brain regions involved in fatigue sensation: reduced acetylcarnitine uptake into the brain. Neuroimage. 2002 Nov;17(3):1256-65.

pubmed_id:12414265

21:

reference_text:Gray SC, Devito G, Nimmo MA: Effect of active warm-up on metabolism prior to and during intense dynamic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Dec;34(12):2091-6.

pubmed_id:12471321

22:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

23:

reference_text:Virmani A, Binienda Z: Role of carnitine esters in brain neuropathology. Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):533-49. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2004.06.003.

pubmed_id:15363640

24:

reference_text:Chiechio S, Canonico PL, Grilli M: l-Acetylcarnitine: A Mechanistically Distinctive and Potentially Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Drug. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 21;19(1). pii: ijms19010011. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010011.

pubmed_id:29267192

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描述
同义词
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平均分子量
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化学名称
传统名称
CAS 登记号
代谢物结构字符串
inchi标识符
印记键
分类学
本体论
状态
实验性质
预测性质
光谱
生物学性质
正常浓度
异常浓度
疾病参考
KEGG数据库编号
DrugBank数据库编号
foodb数据库编号
ChemSpider数据库编号
公共化学化合物编号
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
knapsack数据库编号
维基百科编号
代谢途径的数据库编号
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
梅林编号
虚拟机身份证编号
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
一般参考
蛋白质结合

目录