版本
5.0
创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-09-14 15:19:55 UTC
登录号
HMDB0000192
地位
quantified
二级访问
HMDB00192

名称
L-Cystine
描述
Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine. It is formed by linking two cysteine residues via a disulfide bond (Cys-S-S-Cys) between the -SH groups. Cystine is found in high concentrations in digestive enzymes and in the cells of the immune system, skeletal and connective tissues, skin, and hair. Hair and skin are 10-14% cystine. Cystine is the preferred form of cysteine for the synthesis of glutathione in cells involved in the immune system (e.g. macrophages and astrocytes). Lymphocytes and neurons prefer cysteine for glutathione production. Optimizing glutathione levels in macrophages and astrocytes with cystine allows these cells to provide cysteine to lymphocytes and neurons directly upon demand (Wikipedia).
同义词
1:(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)

2:(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)

3:3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine

4:beta,Beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide

5:beta,Beta'-dithiodialanine

6:Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide

7:e921

8:L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid

9:L-Dicysteine

10:Oxidized L-cysteine

11:(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate)

12:(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate)

13:b,Beta'-diamino-b,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide

14:b,Beta'-diamino-b,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphide

15:beta,Beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphide

16:Β,beta'-diamino-β,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide

17:Β,beta'-diamino-β,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulphide

18:b,Beta'-dithiodialanine

19:Β,beta'-dithiodialanine

20:Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfide

21:Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulphide

22:Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulphide

23:Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfide

24:Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulphide

25:L-a-Diamino-b-dithiolactate

26:L-a-Diamino-b-dithiolactic acid

27:L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactate

28:L-Α-diamino-β-dithiolactate

29:L-Α-diamino-β-dithiolactic acid

30:(-)-Cystine

31:(R-(R*,r*))-3,3'-dithiobis

32:2-Amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoate

33:2-Amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid

34:2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoate

35:2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acid

36:3,3'-Dithiobis

37:3,3'-Dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(r*,r*)]-propanoate

38:3,3'-Dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(r*,r*)]-propanoic acid

39:3,3'-Dithiodialanine

40:b,B'-diamino-b,b'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide

41:b,B'-dithiodialanine

42:beta,Beta'-dithiobisalanine

43:Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide

44:Cysteine disulfide

45:Cystin

46:Cystine

47:Cystine acid

48:D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate

49:D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid

50:Dicysteine

51:Gelucystine

52:L-(-)-Cystine

53:L-Cysteine disulfide

54:L-Cystin

55:[R-(R*,r*)]-3,3'-dithiobis

56:L Cystine

57:Copper cystinate

58:L-Cystine

化学式
C6H12N2O4S2
平均分子量
240.3
等位分子量
240.023848262
化学名称
(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
传统名称
L-cystine
CAS 登记号
56-89-3
代谢物结构字符串
N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1
印记键
LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-cysteine-s-conjugates. L-cysteine-S-conjugates are compounds containing L-cysteine where the thio-group is conjugated.

description:L-cysteine-S-conjugates

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organic acids and derivatives

class:Carboxylic acids and derivatives

sub_class:Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

molecular_framework:Aliphatic acyclic compounds

1:Amino acids

2:Carbonyl compounds

3:Carboxylic acids

4:Dialkyldisulfides

5:Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

6:Hydrocarbon derivatives

7:L-alpha-amino acids

8:Monoalkylamines

9:Organic oxides

10:Organopnictogen compounds

11:Sulfenyl compounds

12:Aliphatic acyclic compound

13:Alpha-amino acid

14:Amine

15:Amino acid

16:Carbonyl group

17:Carboxylic acid

18:Dialkyldisulfide

19:Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives

20:Hydrocarbon derivative

21:L-alpha-amino acid

22:L-cysteine-s-conjugate

23:Organic disulfide

24:Organic nitrogen compound

25:Organic oxide

26:Organic oxygen compound

27:Organonitrogen compound

28:Organooxygen compound

29:Organopnictogen compound

30:Organosulfur compound

31:Primary aliphatic amine

32:Primary amine

33:Sulfenyl compound

34:L-cysteine derivative

35:cystine

36:non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

本体论
term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Acute seizures

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Gran mal seizure

synonym:Grand mal seizure

synonym:Acute tonic clonic seizure

synonym:Acute seizures

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Refractory localization-related epilepsy

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Rle

term:Schizophrenia

definition:A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

definition:A adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles (myoclonus) early in the morning with onset between 12 and 18 years. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Janz syndrome

synonym:Jme

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:All tissues

definition:All tissues in the body of the organism.

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Essential amino acid

definition:

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

状态
Solid
实验性质
1:

kind:water_solubility

value:0.19 mg/mL

source:

2:

kind:logp

value:-5.08

source:CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)

3:

kind:melting_point

value:260.5 °C

source:

预测性质
1:

kind:logp

value:-3.16

source:ALOGPS

2:

kind:logs

value:-1.16

source:ALOGPS

3:

kind:solubility

value:16.8 g/L

source:ALOGPS

4:

kind:logp

value:-5.9

source:ChemAxon

5:

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:1.56

source:ChemAxon

6:

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:9.34

source:ChemAxon

7:

kind:iupac

value:(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid

source:ChemAxon

8:

kind:average_mass

value:240.3

source:ChemAxon

9:

kind:mono_mass

value:240.023848262

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C6H12N2O4S2

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:126.64

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:54.87

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:22.77

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:7

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:6

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:4

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:0

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

1:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1167

2:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4182

3:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4987

4:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4988

5:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4989

6:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4990

7:

type:Specdb::EiMs

spectrum_id:1720

8:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:441

9:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:442

10:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:443

11:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:1955

12:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:3266

13:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30366

14:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30789

15:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31061

16:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31775

17:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31959

18:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:37348

19:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:154243

20:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:991

21:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1197

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:307

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:308

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:309

25:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179796

26:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179797

27:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:179798

28:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182130

29:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182131

30:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:182132

31:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471165

32:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471937

33:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471938

34:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471939

35:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471940

36:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471941

37:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471942

38:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471943

39:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471944

40:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471945

41:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471946

42:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471947

43:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471948

44:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471949

45:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471950

46:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:1471951

光谱
生物学性质
1:

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Extracellular

2:

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(3):Feces

biospecimen:(4):Urine

3:

tissue:(1):All Tissues

tissue:(2):Placenta

4:

正常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:17-98

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:26-77

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:130.0 +/- 20.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:26-61

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (1 - 3 months old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:91.0 +/- 20.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:8-68

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (3 months - 6 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:96.0 +/- 19.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:15-65

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:118.0 +/- 17.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:109.0 +/- 24.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:87.0 +/- 13.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:62.9 +/- 27.8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:109.0 +/- 18.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:107.0 +/- 23.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.1 +/- 0.1

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.29 +/- 0.27

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0-1.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (0 - 10 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0-1.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (>11 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<6.33

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:3.618 (1.316-5.921)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<11.76

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.92-54.16

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:12.10 - 43.64

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.22 - 26.12

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (1 - 6 months old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.09 - 15.60

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (6 months - <1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:3.84 - 13.23

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 2 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.71 - 15.60

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (2 - 4 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.71 - 12.10

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (4 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.70 - 20.92

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adolescent (13 - 21 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.70 - 17.86

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>21 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.13-11.086

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.05 +/- 28.34

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:12.5 (5.0-24.6)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.36-57.00

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.15 (0.1-0.2)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:3.6 +/- 2.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:9.0 +/- 3.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7.0 +/- 3.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

45:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

46:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.61 +/- 1.42

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

47:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.351 +/- 4.234

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

48:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.351 +/- 4.234

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

49:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:27.821 +/- 17.962

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

50:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.314-22.612

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

51:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.24-15.045

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

52:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

53:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2-51

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

54:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:<14.71

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

55:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:89.32 +/- 56.53

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

56:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:128.89 +/- 56.53

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

57:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:152.63 +/- 76.88

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:28.6 (24.2-33.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:30.1 (24.5-35.7)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Acute seizures

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:37.2 (34.6-39.8)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Refractory localization-related epilepsy (RLE)

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:209.0 +/- 46.0

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Elderly (>65 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's Disease

7:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:0.31 +/- 0.06

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Parkinson's Disease

8:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:7.8 +/- 2.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

9:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

10:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:136.5-79.36

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Cystinuria

11:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:90.800-558.500

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinuria

12:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:140.0813-306.845

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cystinuria Type I/III

13:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:100.0581-246.245

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cystinuria Type I/III

14:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:111.929-196.724

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cystinuria Type II

15:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:11.306-67.836

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cystinuria Type III

16:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:65.0 (30.0-100.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinuria

17:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:575.0 (150.0 -1000.0)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinuria

18:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:> 117

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinuria

19:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:908-5585

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hyperlysinuria

20:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.423-24.136

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Dibasic Amino Aciduria I

21:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.681-21.125

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Dibasic Amino Aciduria I

22:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Molybdenum cofactor deficiency

23:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Molybdenum cofactor deficiency

24:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:135.900-156.400

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Fumaric aciduria

25:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:17.486 +/- 14.104

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

26:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:463.1

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Cystinuria

27:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.975-24.136

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I

28:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.681-2.305

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I

29:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

30:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:72.03 +/- 12.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

疾病参考
1:

name:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

omim_id:606904

[1]:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

2:

name:Acute seizures

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

3:

name:Refractory localization-related epilepsy

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

4:

name:Alzheimer's disease

omim_id:104300

[1]:

reference_text:Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

pubmed_id:17031479

[2]:

reference_text:Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8.

pubmed_id:11959400

[3]:

reference_text:Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Schapiro MB: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):298-302.

pubmed_id:8595727

[4]:

reference_text:Jia JP, Jia JM, Zhou WD, Xu M, Chu CB, Yan X, Sun YX: Differential acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2004 Aug;117(8):1161-4.

pubmed_id:15361288

[5]:

reference_text:Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4.

pubmed_id:9693263

[6]:

reference_text:Walter A, Korth U, Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Weichel O, Hilgert M, Fassbender K, Schmitt A, Klein J: Glycerophosphocholine is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Nov-Dec;25(10):1299-303.

pubmed_id:15465626

[7]:

reference_text:Leoni V, Masterman T, Mousavi FS, Wretlind B, Wahlund LO, Diczfalusy U, Hillert J, Bjorkhem I: Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Feb;42(2):186-91.

pubmed_id:15061359

[8]:

reference_text:Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Holmes C, Goldstein DS: Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):756-65.

pubmed_id:10494443

[9]:

reference_text:Lovell MA, Markesbery WR: Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):392-6.

pubmed_id:11255442

[10]:

reference_text:Bar KJ, Franke S, Wenda B, Muller S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Sauer H: Pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):333-8.

pubmed_id:12498967

[11]:

reference_text:Serot JM, Barbe F, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Franck P, Montagne P, Nicolas JP: Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1585-7.

pubmed_id:16227558

[12]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1998;105(4-5):479-88.

pubmed_id:9720975

[13]:

reference_text:Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44.

pubmed_id:12111441

[14]:

reference_text:Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203.

pubmed_id:16244393

[15]:

reference_text:Kristensen MO, Gulmann NC, Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K: Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993 Jun;87(6):475-81.

pubmed_id:8356878

[16]:

reference_text:Abe T, Tohgi H, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C: Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2002 Nov 1;70(3):447-50.

pubmed_id:12391605

[17]:

reference_text:Reichman ME, Judd JT, Longcope C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, Nair PP, Campbell WS, Taylor PR: Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 May 5;85(9):722-7.

pubmed_id:8478958

[18]:

reference_text:Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T: Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15;303(1-2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:21292280

[19]:

reference_text:Motawaj M, Peoc'h K, Callebert J, Arrang JM: CSF levels of the histamine metabolite tele-methylhistamine are only slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(3):861-71. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100381.

pubmed_id:20858978

[20]:

reference_text:Smach MA, Jacob N, Golmard JL, Charfeddine B, Lammouchi T, Ben Othman L, Dridi H, Bennamou S, Limem K: Folate and homocysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia: a case control study. Eur Neurol. 2011;65(5):270-8. doi: 10.1159/000326301. Epub 2011 Apr 8.

pubmed_id:21474939

[21]:

reference_text:Linnebank M, Popp J, Smulders Y, Smith D, Semmler A, Farkas M, Kulic L, Cvetanovska G, Blom H, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kolsch H, Weller M, Jessen F: S-adenosylmethionine is decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(6):373-8. doi: 10.1159/000309657. Epub 2010 Jun 3.

pubmed_id:20523031

[22]:

reference_text:Rosler N, Wichart I, Jellinger KA: Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2001;108(2):231-46.

pubmed_id:11314776

[23]:

reference_text:Sunderland T, Berrettini WH, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Martinez RA, Vitiello B, Tariot PN, Cohen RM: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A1-8 in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Jul 1;30(1):81-7.

pubmed_id:1716470

[24]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

5:

name:Colorectal cancer

omim_id:114500

[1]:

reference_text:Ishiwata S, Itoh K, Yamaguchi T, Ishida N, Mizugaki M: Comparison of serum and urinary levels of modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, in cancer patients using a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995 May;176(1):61-8.

pubmed_id:7482520

[2]:

reference_text:Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345.

pubmed_id:19006102

[3]:

reference_text:Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013.

pubmed_id:23940645

[4]:

reference_text:Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

pubmed_id:24424155

[5]:

reference_text:Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13.

pubmed_id:20156336

[6]:

reference_text:Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162.

pubmed_id:19678709

[7]:

reference_text:Cheng Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Zou X, Zheng M, Tan B, Feng B, Dong T, He P, Zhao L, Zhao A, Xu LX, Zhang Y, Jia W: Distinct urinary metabolic profile of human colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1354-63. doi: 10.1021/pr201001a. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

pubmed_id:22148915

[8]:

reference_text:Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

pubmed_id:25105552

[9]:

reference_text:Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

pubmed_id:21773981

[10]:

reference_text:Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18.

pubmed_id:25037050

[11]:

reference_text:Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27015276

[12]:

reference_text:Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762.

pubmed_id:27107423

[13]:

reference_text:Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016.

pubmed_id:27275383

[14]:

reference_text:Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:28587349

[15]:

reference_text:Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

6:

name:Schizophrenia

omim_id:181500

[1]:

reference_text:Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4.

pubmed_id:115032

[2]:

reference_text:Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74.

pubmed_id:7126379

[3]:

reference_text:Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7.

pubmed_id:2480613

[4]:

reference_text:Heresco-Levy U, Bar G, Levin R, Ermilov M, Ebstein RP, Javitt DC: High glycine levels are associated with prepulse inhibition deficits in chronic schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res. 2007 Mar;91(1-3):14-21. Epub 2007 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:17276036

[5]:

reference_text:Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7.

pubmed_id:11877547

[6]:

reference_text:Hashimoto K, Fukushima T, Shimizu E, Komatsu N, Watanabe H, Shinoda N, Nakazato M, Kumakiri C, Okada S, Hasegawa H, Imai K, Iyo M: Decreased serum levels of D-serine in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;60(6):572-6.

pubmed_id:12796220

[7]:

reference_text:Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62.

pubmed_id:7595563

[8]:

reference_text:Nikisch G, Baumann P, Wiedemann G, Kiessling B, Weisser H, Hertel A, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Mathe AA: Quetiapine and norquetiapine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients treated with quetiapine: correlations to clinical outcome and HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG in CSF. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Oct;30(5):496-503. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181f2288e.

pubmed_id:20814316

[9]:

reference_text:Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014.

pubmed_id:25004141

[10]:

reference_text:Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19.

pubmed_id:24713860

[11]:

reference_text:Ballesteros A, Summerfelt A, Du X, Jiang P, Chiappelli J, Tagamets M, O'Donnell P, Kochunov P, Hong LE: Electrophysiological intermediate biomarkers for oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;124(11):2209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.021. Epub 2013 Jun 30.

pubmed_id:23823132

[12]:

reference_text:Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82.

pubmed_id:2415198

[13]:

reference_text:Pickar D, Breier A, Hsiao JK, Doran AR, Wolkowitz OM, Pato CN, Konicki PE, Potter WZ: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma monoamine metabolites and their relation to psychosis. Implications for regional brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Jul;47(7):641-8.

pubmed_id:1694425

[14]:

reference_text:Prell GD, Green JP, Kaufmann CA, Khandelwal JK, Morrishow AM, Kirch DG, Linnoila M, Wyatt RJ: Histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic schizophrenia: their relationships to levels of other aminergic transmitters and ratings of symptoms. Schizophr Res. 1995 Jan;14(2):93-104.

pubmed_id:7711000

[15]:

reference_text:Kim YK, Myint AM, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Steinbusch H, Leonard B: Cytokine changes and tryptophan metabolites in medication-naive and medication-free schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology. 2009;59(2):123-9. doi: 10.1159/000213565. Epub 2009 Apr 22.

pubmed_id:19390223

[16]:

reference_text:Yang J, Chen T, Sun L, Zhao Z, Qi X, Zhou K, Cao Y, Wang X, Qiu Y, Su M, Zhao A, Wang P, Yang P, Wu J, Feng G, He L, Jia W, Wan C: Potential metabolite markers of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;18(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131. Epub 2011 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:22024767

[17]:

reference_text:Xuan J, Pan G, Qiu Y, Yang L, Su M, Liu Y, Chen J, Feng G, Fang Y, Jia W, Xing Q, He L: Metabolomic profiling to identify potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia and risperidone action. J Proteome Res. 2011 Dec 2;10(12):5433-43. doi: 10.1021/pr2006796. Epub 2011 Nov 8.

pubmed_id:22007635

[18]:

reference_text:Schwarz E, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Wang L, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Koethe D, Kranaster L, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, McAllister G, Spain M, Barnes A, van Beveren NJ, Baron-Cohen S, Steiner J, Torrey FE, Yolken RH, Bahn S: Identification of a biological signature for schizophrenia in serum. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 May;17(5):494-502. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.42. Epub 2011 Apr 12.

pubmed_id:21483431

[19]:

reference_text:Mathe AA, Eberhard G, Saaf J, Wetterberg L: Plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite--measured as 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta,16 xi-cyclo-PGE2--in twins with schizophrenic disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;21(11):1024-30.

pubmed_id:3741918

[20]:

reference_text:Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002 Jun;20(2):171-5.

pubmed_id:11979513

[21]:

reference_text:Zumarraga M, Davila R, Basterreche N, Arrue A, Goienetxea B, Zamalloa MI, Erkoreka L, Bustamante S, Inchausti L, Gonzalez-Torres MA, Guimon J: Catechol O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A genotypes, and plasma catecholamine metabolites in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Neurochem Int. 2010 May-Jun;56(6-7):774-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.015. Epub 2010 Mar 4.

pubmed_id:20206656

[22]:

reference_text:Peters JG: Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin spinal fluid metabolites in temporal lobe epileptic patients with schizophrenic symptomatology. Eur Neurol. 1979;18(1):15-8.

pubmed_id:436860

[23]:

reference_text:Yao JK, Dougherty GG Jr, Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Matson WR, Rozen S, Krishnan RR, McEvoy J, Kaddurah-Daouk R: Altered interactions of tryptophan metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;15(9):938-53. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.33. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

pubmed_id:19401681

[24]:

reference_text:Gattaz WF, Waldmeier P, Beckmann H: CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982 Nov;66(5):350-60.

pubmed_id:6184954

[25]:

reference_text:Nilsson-Todd LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Skogh E, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male patients with schizophrenia - correlation with monoamine metabolites. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2007 Feb;19(1):45-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00170.x.

pubmed_id:26952797

[26]:

reference_text:Cai HL, Li HD, Yan XZ, Sun B, Zhang Q, Yan M, Zhang WY, Jiang P, Zhu RH, Liu YP, Fang PF, Xu P, Yuan HY, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS: Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the plasma and urine of first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients after treatment with risperidone. J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4338-50. doi: 10.1021/pr300459d. Epub 2012 Jul 26.

pubmed_id:22800120

[27]:

reference_text:Al Awam K, Haussleiter IS, Dudley E, Donev R, Brune M, Juckel G, Thome J: Multiplatform metabolome and proteome profiling identifies serum metabolite and protein signatures as prospective biomarkers for schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Aug;122 Suppl 1:S111-22. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1224-0. Epub 2014 May 1.

pubmed_id:24789758

[28]:

reference_text:Bicikova M, Hill M, Ripova D, Mohr P, Hampl R: Determination of steroid metabolome as a possible tool for laboratory diagnosis of schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;133:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Aug 24.

pubmed_id:22944140

[29]:

reference_text:He Y, Yu Z, Giegling I, Xie L, Hartmann AM, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kahn R, Li Y, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Rujescu D: Schizophrenia shows a unique metabolomics signature in plasma. Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 14;2:e149. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.76.

pubmed_id:22892715

[30]:

reference_text:Kaddurah-Daouk R, McEvoy J, Baillie RA, Lee D, Yao JK, Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR: Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):934-45. Epub 2007 Apr 17.

pubmed_id:17440431

[31]:

reference_text:Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE: Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Biomark Res. 2015 Feb 6;3:3. doi: 10.1186/s40364-015-0028-1. eCollection 2015.

pubmed_id:25729574

[32]:

reference_text:Oresic M, Seppanen-Laakso T, Sun D, Tang J, Therman S, Viehman R, Mustonen U, van Erp TG, Hyotylainen T, Thompson P, Toga AW, Huttunen MO, Suvisaari J, Kaprio J, Lonnqvist J, Cannon TD: Phospholipids and insulin resistance in psychosis: a lipidomics study of twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genome Med. 2012 Jan 18;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/gm300.

pubmed_id:22257447

7:

name:Parkinson's disease

omim_id:168600

[1]:

reference_text:Loeffler DA, LeWitt PA, DeMaggio AJ, Juneau PL, Milbury PE, Matson WR: Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1995;9(1):45-53.

pubmed_id:7605589

[2]:

reference_text:Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50.

pubmed_id:12834252

[3]:

reference_text:Cheng H, Gomes-Trolin C, Aquilonius SM, Steinberg A, Lofberg C, Ekblom J, Oreland L: Levels of L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes and concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in whole blood of patients with Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 1997 Jun;145(2 Pt 1):580-5.

pubmed_id:9217094

[4]:

reference_text:Selley ML: (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Jul 15;25(2):169-74.

pubmed_id:9667492

[5]:

reference_text:Zhang W, Xie Y, Gu J, Ai S, Wang J, Yamamoto K, Jin L: Liquid chromatography with amperometric detection at a nano crystalline Ce-doped lead dioxide film modified electrode for determination of (R)-Salsolinol, (R)-N-methylsalsolinol and monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinsonian patients' cerebrospinal fluid. Analyst. 2004 Mar;129(3):229-34. Epub 2004 Feb 6.

pubmed_id:14978525

[6]:

reference_text:Kotake Y, Tasaki Y, Makino Y, Ohta S, Hirobe M: 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2633-8.

pubmed_id:7595560

[7]:

reference_text:Naoi M, Maruyama W: Cell death of dopamine neurons in aging and Parkinson's disease. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999 Nov;111(2-3):175-88.

pubmed_id:10656535

[8]:

reference_text:Moser A, Scholz J, Nobbe F, Vieregge P, Bohme V, Bamberg H: Presence of N-methyl-norsalsolinol in the CSF: correlations with dopamine metabolites of patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 1995 Aug;131(2):183-9.

pubmed_id:7595645

[9]:

reference_text:Abe T, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C, Tohgi H: Alteration of 8-hydroxyguanosine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Jan 16;336(2):105-8.

pubmed_id:12499051

[10]:

reference_text:Pappert EJ, Tangney CC, Goetz CG, Ling ZD, Lipton JW, Stebbins GT, Carvey PM: Alpha-tocopherol in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients: dose-response study and correlations with plasma levels. Neurology. 1996 Oct;47(4):1037-42.

pubmed_id:8857741

[11]:

reference_text:LeWitt PA, Galloway MP, Matson W, Milbury P, McDermott M, Srivastava DK, Oakes D: Markers of dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology. 1992 Nov;42(11):2111-7.

pubmed_id:1436520

[12]:

reference_text:Shukla R, Rajani M, Srivastava N, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M: Nitrite and malondialdehyde content in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci. 2006 Dec;116(12):1391-402.

pubmed_id:17145675

[13]:

reference_text:Miura Y: Plasma beta-phenylethylamine in Parkinson's disease. Kurume Med J. 2000;47(4):267-72.

pubmed_id:11197147

[14]:

reference_text:Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95.

pubmed_id:16244392

[15]:

reference_text:Ishimitsu T, Hirose S, Asahara K, Imaizumi M: The formation of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylalanine and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine in plasma during L-DOPA therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1984 Aug;32(8):3320-2.

pubmed_id:6518609

[16]:

reference_text:Levin J, Botzel K, Giese A, Vogeser M, Lorenzl S: Elevated levels of methylmalonate and homocysteine in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29(6):553-9. doi: 10.1159/000314841. Epub 2010 Jul 3.

pubmed_id:20606437

[17]:

reference_text:Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T: Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15;303(1-2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

pubmed_id:21292280

[18]:

reference_text:Dizdar N, Kagedal B, Lindvall B: Treatment of Parkinson's disease with NADH. Acta Neurol Scand. 1994 Nov;90(5):345-7.

pubmed_id:7887134

[19]:

reference_text:Furukawa Y, Nishi K, Mizuno Y, Narabayashi H: [Significance of CSF biopterin and neopterin in hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (HPD)--a clue to pathogenesis]. No To Shinkei. 1995 Mar;47(3):261-8.

pubmed_id:7669428

[20]:

reference_text:Ebinger G, Adriaenssens K: Iso-homovanillic acid determination in cerebrospinal fluid and in urine during L-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta. 1973 Nov 15;48(4):427-31.

pubmed_id:4761590

8:

name:Cystinuria

omim_id:220100

[1]:

reference_text:Sakhaee K: Pathogenesis and medical management of cystinuria. Semin Nephrol. 1996 Sep;16(5):435-47.

pubmed_id:8890399

[2]:

reference_text:Fjellstedt E, Harnevik L, Jeppsson JO, Tiselius HG, Soderkvist P, Denneberg T: Urinary excretion of total cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine in relation to genetic findings in patients with cystinuria treated with sulfhydryl compounds. Urol Res. 2003 Dec;31(6):417-25. Epub 2003 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:14586528

[3]:

reference_text:Rodriguez LM, Santos F, Malaga S, Martinez V: Effect of a low sodium diet on urinary elimination of cystine in cystinuric children. Nephron. 1995;71(4):416-8.

pubmed_id:8587621

[4]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

9:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

10:

name:Molybdenum cofactor deficiency

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48.

pubmed_id:10102915

[2]:

reference_text:Sass JO, Kishikawa M, Puttinger R, Reiss J, Erwa W, Shimizu A, Sperl W: Hypohomocysteinaemia and highly increased proportion of S-sulfonated plasma transthyretin in molybdenum cofactor deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(1):80-2.

pubmed_id:12872846

[3]:

reference_text:Zaki MS, Selim L, El-Bassyouni HT, Issa MY, Mahmoud I, Ismail S, Girgis M, Sadek AA, Gleeson JG, Abdel Hamid MS: Molybdenum cofactor and isolated sulphite oxidase deficiencies: Clinical and molecular spectrum among Egyptian patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016 Sep;20(5):714-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 May 30.

pubmed_id:27289259

[4]:

reference_text:van Gennip AH, Abeling NG, Stroomer AE, Overmars H, Bakker HD: The detection of molybdenum cofactor deficiency: clinical symptomatology and urinary metabolite profile. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(1):142-5.

pubmed_id:8051926

[5]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

11:

name:Fumarase deficiency

omim_id:606812

[1]:

reference_text:Bastug O, Kardas F, Ozturk MA, Halis H, Memur S, Korkmaz L, Tag Z, Gunes T: A rare cause of opistotonus; fumaric aciduria: The first case presentation in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2014 Mar 1;49(1):74-6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.442. eCollection 2014 Mar.

pubmed_id:26078636

[2]:

reference_text:Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

pubmed_id:20549362

[3]:

reference_text:Tregoning S, Salter W, Thorburn DR, Durkie M, Panayi M, Wu JY, Easterbrook A, Coman DJ: Fumarase deficiency in dichorionic diamniotic twins. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Dec;16(6):1117-20. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.72. Epub 2013 Nov 4.

pubmed_id:24182348

[4]:

reference_text:Whelan DT, Hill RE, McClorry S: Fumaric aciduria: a new organic aciduria, associated with mental retardation and speech impairment. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 31;132(3):301-8.

pubmed_id:6616883

[5]:

reference_text:Maradin M, Fumic K, Hansikova H, Tesarova M, Wenchich L, Dorner S, Sarnavka V, Zeman J, Baric I: Fumaric aciduria: mild phenotype in a 8-year-old girl with novel mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Oct;29(5):683. Epub 2006 Aug 5.

pubmed_id:16972175

[6]:

reference_text:MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

pubmed_id:

12:

name:Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I

omim_id:222690

[1]:

reference_text:Whelan DT, Scriver CR: Hyperdibasicaminoaciduria: an inherited disorder of amino acid transport. Pediatr Res. 1968 Nov;2(6):525-34.

pubmed_id:5727921

13:

name:Hyperlysinuria

omim_id:247950

[1]:

reference_text:Omura K, Yamanaka N, Higami S, Matsuoka O, Fujimoto A: Lysine malabsorption syndrome: a new type of transport defect. Pediatrics. 1976 Jan;57(1):102-5.

pubmed_id:1246485

[2]:

reference_text:Fjellstedt E, Harnevik L, Jeppsson JO, Tiselius HG, Soderkvist P, Denneberg T: Urinary excretion of total cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine in relation to genetic findings in patients with cystinuria treated with sulfhydryl compounds. Urol Res. 2003 Dec;31(6):417-25. Epub 2003 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:14586528

KEGG数据库编号
C00491
DrugBank数据库编号
DB00138
foodb数据库编号
FDB012672
ChemSpider数据库编号
60997
公共化学化合物编号
67678
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
16283
knapsack数据库编号
C00001352
维基百科编号
Cystine
代谢途径的数据库编号
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
35134
梅林编号
5207
虚拟机身份证编号
LCYSTIN
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
Grossi, Loris; Montevecchi, Pier Carlo. S-Nitrosocysteine and Cystine from Reaction of Cysteine with Nitrous Acid. A Kinetic Investigation. Journal of Organic Chemistry (2002), 67(24), 8625-8630.
一般参考
1:

protein_accession:HMDBP00538

name:Cystathionine gamma-lyase

uniprot_id:P32929

gene_name:CTH

protein_type:Enzyme

2:

protein_accession:HMDBP01812

name:Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT

uniprot_id:Q07837

gene_name:SLC3A1

protein_type:Unknown

3:

protein_accession:HMDBP01816

name:B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1

uniprot_id:P82251

gene_name:SLC7A9

protein_type:Unknown

4:

protein_accession:HMDBP02956

name:Cystine/glutamate transporter

uniprot_id:Q9UPY5

gene_name:SLC7A11

protein_type:Unknown

5:

protein_accession:HMDBP03110

name:Neutral amino acid transporter A

uniprot_id:P43007

gene_name:SLC1A4

protein_type:Unknown

6:

protein_accession:HMDBP05340

name:Monocarboxylate transporter 10

uniprot_id:Q8TF71

gene_name:SLC16A10

protein_type:Transporter

7:

protein_accession:HMDBP10818

name:Cystinosin

uniprot_id:O60931

gene_name:CTNS

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合
1:

reference_text:Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.

pubmed_id:2026685

2:

reference_text:Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50.

pubmed_id:12834252

3:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

4:

reference_text:Rumpold H, Mascher K, Untergasser G, Plas E, Hermann M, Berger P: Trans-differentiation of prostatic stromal cells leads to decreased glycoprotein hormone alpha production. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5297-303.

pubmed_id:12414905

5:

reference_text:Alexander S, Ison C: Evaluation of commercial kits for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Med Microbiol. 2005 Sep;54(Pt 9):827-31.

pubmed_id:16091433

6:

reference_text:Terada T, Maeda H, Okamoto K, Nishinaka T, Mizoguchi T, Nishihara T: Modulation of glutathione S-transferase activity by a thiol/disulfide exchange reaction and involvement of thioltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Jan;300(1):495-500.

pubmed_id:8424686

7:

reference_text:Sonies BC, Almajid P, Kleta R, Bernardini I, Gahl WA: Swallowing dysfunction in 101 patients with nephropathic cystinosis: benefit of long-term cysteamine therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005 May;84(3):137-46.

pubmed_id:15879904

8:

reference_text:Mogil'naia GM, Shubich MG: [Comparison of the histochemical bases of epidermis differentiation in vertebrates]. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1976 Mar;70(3):46-52.

pubmed_id:1275714

9:

reference_text:Peters T, Thaete C, Wolf S, Popp A, Sedlmeier R, Grosse J, Nehls MC, Russ A, Schlueter V: A mouse model for cystinuria type I. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Sep 1;12(17):2109-20.

pubmed_id:12923163

10:

reference_text:Park M, Helip-Wooley A, Thoene J: Lysosomal cystine storage augments apoptosis in cultured human fibroblasts and renal tubular epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Dec;13(12):2878-87.

pubmed_id:12444206

11:

reference_text:Rossi S, Herrine SK, Navarro VJ: Cystinosis as a cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Jul;50(7):1372-5.

pubmed_id:16047489

12:

reference_text:Sakhaee K: Pathogenesis and medical management of cystinuria. Semin Nephrol. 1996 Sep;16(5):435-47.

pubmed_id:8890399

13:

reference_text:Orakzai N, Hanbury DC, Farrington K: Screening for biochemical abnormalities in urolithiasis patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2004 Apr-Jun;16(2):60-3.

pubmed_id:15455621

14:

reference_text:Mitchell BF, Chibbar R: Synthesis and metabolism of oxytocin in late gestation in human decidua. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;395:365-80.

pubmed_id:8713992

15:

reference_text:Behr T, Becker W, Hannappel E, Goldenberg DM, Wolf F: Targeting of liver metastases of colorectal cancer with IgG, F(ab')2, and Fab' anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies labeled with 99mTc: the role of metabolism and kinetics. Cancer Res. 1995 Dec 1;55(23 Suppl):5777s-5785s.

pubmed_id:7493346

16:

reference_text:Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E: Kidney stone disease. J Clin Invest. 2005 Oct;115(10):2598-608.

pubmed_id:16200192

17:

reference_text:Kubilus J, MacDonald MJ, Baden HP: Epidermal proteins of cultured human and bovine keratinocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Jun 19;578(2):484-92.

pubmed_id:486533

18:

reference_text:Tezuka T, Takahashi M: The cystine-rich envelope protein from human epidermal stratum corneum cells. J Invest Dermatol. 1987 Jan;88(1):47-51.

pubmed_id:3794387

19:

reference_text:Worcester EM, Coe FL, Evan AP, Parks JH: Reduced renal function and benefits of treatment in cystinuria vs other forms of nephrolithiasis. BJU Int. 2006 Jun;97(6):1285-90.

pubmed_id:16686727

20:

reference_text:Allen JW, Shanker G, Tan KH, Aschner M: The consequences of methylmercury exposure on interactive functions between astrocytes and neurons. Neurotoxicology. 2002 Dec;23(6):755-9.

pubmed_id:12520765

21:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

免责声明:以上所展示的信息由企业自行提供,内容的真实性、准确性和合法性由发布企业负责,医药网对此不承担任何责任。
相关链接:国家药品监督管理局| 国家中医药管理局| SDA药品评审中心| 医加医疗器械| 膏药生产厂家| 爱视立眼贴
专业提供药品信息、药品招商、药品代理、保健品招商、医药原料采购供应的中国药品信息网站平台
版权所有 © 2003-2028 盗冒必究  客服热线:0575-83552251 / 13754370441  QQ客服:药品信息客服
浙ICP备16010490号-2 增值电信业务经营许可证:浙B2-20220931 互联网药品信息服务资格证书编号:(浙)-经营性2023-0215 浙公网安备:33068302000535
 医药代理商群1:药药网药品采购交流医药代理商群2:药药网药品采购交流2医药代理商群3:药药网药品采购交流3