版本
5.0
创建日期
2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
更新日期
2021-09-14 15:20:01 UTC
登录号
HMDB0000158
地位
quantified
二级访问
HMDB0000647

HMDB00158

HMDB00647

名称
L-Tyrosine
描述
Tyrosine (Tyr) or L-tyrosine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tyrosine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tyrosine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid. Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it – usually from phenylalanine. The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, a monooxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction causing the addition of a hydroxyl group to the end of the 6-carbon aromatic ring of phenylalanine, such that it becomes tyrosine. Tyrosine is found in many high-protein food products such as chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy products, lima beans, avocados and bananas. Tyrosine is one of the few amino acids that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the body's sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, including thyroid hormones (diiodotyrosine), catecholestrogens and the major human pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the body's natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism have been identified, such as hawkinsinuria and tyrosinemia I. The most common feature of these diseases is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements can help reverse these disease symptoms. Some adults also develop elevated tyrosine in their blood. This typically indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can help aleviate biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for treating psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-Dopa, which is directly used in Parkinson's, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-Dopa (http://www.dcnutrition.com). In addition to its role as a precursor for neurotransmitters, tyrosine plays an important role for the function of many proteins. Within many proteins or enzymes, certain tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group (phosphorylated) by specialized protein kinases. In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine. Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity. Tyrosine (or its precursor phenylalanine) is also needed to synthesize the benzoquinone structure which forms part of coenzyme Q10.
同义词
1:(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid

2:(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

3:(S)-(-)-Tyrosine

4:(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid

5:(S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine

6:(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid

7:(S)-Tyrosine

8:4-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine

9:L-Tyrosin

10:Tyr

11:TYROSINE

12:Y

13:(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate

14:(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid

15:(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate

16:(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate

17:(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid

18:(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate

19:(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate

20:(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate

21:(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid

22:(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate

23:(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate

24:(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid

25:(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate

26:(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid

27:(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate

28:(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid

29:2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoate

30:2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid

31:3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine

32:Benzenepropanoate

33:Benzenepropanoic acid

34:L-p-Tyrosine

35:p-Tyrosine

36:L Tyrosine

37:Tyrosine, L-isomer

38:Tyrosine, L isomer

39:Para tyrosine

40:Para-tyrosine

化学式
C9H11NO3
平均分子量
181.1885
等位分子量
181.073893223
化学名称
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
传统名称
L-tyrosine
CAS 登记号
60-18-4
代谢物结构字符串
N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O
inchi标识符
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1
印记键
OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N
分类学
description: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

description:Tyrosine and derivatives

kingdom:Organic compounds

super_class:Organic acids and derivatives

class:Carboxylic acids and derivatives

sub_class:Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

molecular_framework:Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

1:1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids

2:Amino acids

3:Amphetamines and derivatives

4:Aralkylamines

5:Carbonyl compounds

6:Carboxylic acids

7:Hydrocarbon derivatives

8:L-alpha-amino acids

9:Monoalkylamines

10:Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives

11:Organic oxides

12:Organopnictogen compounds

13:Phenylalanine and derivatives

14:Phenylpropanoic acids

15:1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid

16:3-phenylpropanoic-acid

17:Alpha-amino acid

18:Amine

19:Amino acid

20:Amphetamine or derivatives

21:Aralkylamine

22:Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

23:Benzenoid

24:Carbonyl group

25:Carboxylic acid

26:Hydrocarbon derivative

27:L-alpha-amino acid

28:Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives

29:Monocyclic benzene moiety

30:Organic nitrogen compound

31:Organic oxide

32:Organic oxygen compound

33:Organonitrogen compound

34:Organooxygen compound

35:Organopnictogen compound

36:Phenol

37:Phenylalanine or derivatives

38:Primary aliphatic amine

39:Primary amine

40:Tyrosine or derivatives

41:Common amino acids

42:L-alpha-amino acid

43:erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

44:proteinogenic amino acid

45:tyrosine

本体论
term:Physiological effect

definition:The effect on an organism physiology, resulting from its exposure to a chemical.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Health effect

definition:A health condition or observation associated with a stimuli or with a biological activity of a chemical.

parent_id:7693

*level:2

type:parent

term:Observation

definition:A short term health effect which reflects the reponse of the body to stimuli or is a symptom of a disease or condition; also includes health status which reflects stage in life.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Attachment loss

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Missing teeth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Periodontal Probing Depth

definition:

parent_id:7717

***level:4

type:child

term:Health condition

definition:A health effect that consists on short or long-term disease, condition, disorder, syndrome or constant abnormality.

parent_id:7694

**level:3

type:parent

term:Viral infection

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Epilepsy

definition:A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Epileptic spasms

term:Schizophrenia

definition:A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. (do).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cachexia

definition:

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:child

term:Cardiac disorders

definition:Any disorder that affects the heart.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Endocrine disorders

definition:Any disorder that affects the endocrine system. it can be neoplastic (carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma) or non-neoplastic (such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency).

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Cancer

definition:A group of disorders characterized by the presense of malignant neoplasm.

parent_id:7695

***level:4

type:parent

term:Disposition

definition:A concept that describes the origin of a chemical, its location within an organism, or its route of exposure.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Route of exposure

definition:A mean by which a chemical agent comes in contact with an organism, either under intended or unintended circumstances.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Enteral

definition:Chemical exposure via the alimentary canal (mouth to anus).

parent_id:7743

**level:3

type:parent

term:Ingestion

definition:Chemical exposure facilitated by entry through the mouth.

parent_id:7744

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Digestion

term:Source

definition:Natural or synthetic origin of a chemical.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Endogenous

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Food

definition:

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:child

term:Synthetic

definition:A man-made product or sample in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Personal care product

definition:

parent_id:7742

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Pcp

synonym:Toiletries

synonym:Toiletry

synonym:Personal hygiene

synonym:Beautification product

term:Biological

definition:A living organism (species or a higher taxonomy rank), in which a chemical can be found.

parent_id:7735

**level:3

type:parent

term:Animal

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom animalia. it feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fauna

term:Plant

definition:A living organism belonging to the kingdom plantea. typically, it grows in a permanent site, absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizes nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. examples incude trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.

parent_id:7736

***level:4

type:parent

synonym:Flora

term:Biological location

definition:The physiological origin within an organism, including anatomical compnents, biofluids and excreta.

parent_id:7724

*level:2

type:parent

term:Tissue and substructures

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple cells yet not comprising a complete organ .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:All tissues

definition:All tissues in the body of the organism.

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Placenta

definition:An organ present in some vertebrates during embryonic gestation that surrounds the fetus and provides it with nutrients and oxygen, facilitates gas and waste exchange between the fetus and mother, and provides parasitic cloaking from the mother's immune system by excretion of neurokinin b. (nci).

parent_id:7729

***level:4

type:child

term:Organ and components

definition:An anatomical organizational level including multiple tissues or substructures, which enables a common biological function.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Prostate

definition:The male reproductive accessory gland that produces prostatic fluid and is located adjacent to or around the urethra distal to the urinary bladder in mammals. (nci).

parent_id:7727

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Prostate gland

term:Biofluid and excreta

definition:A liquid, semi-solid or solid material originating in the body.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Urine

definition:Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Saliva

definition:The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Feces

definition:The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Fecal

synonym:Stool

synonym:Faecal

synonym:Faeces

term:Blood

definition:A liquid tissue with the primary function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (nci). it supplies the tissues with nutrients, removes waste products, and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Breast milk

definition:Portion of secreted substance produced by the mammary gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Sweat

definition:Secretion produced by a sweat gland.

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

term:Cerebrospinal fluid

definition:The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord. (nci).

parent_id:7731

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Csf

term:Subcellular

definition:An anatomical organizational level including a component within a biological cell .

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Cytoplasm

definition:The portion of the cell contained within the plasma membrane but excluding the nucleus.

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Cytoplasma

term:Mitochondria

definition:

parent_id:7730

***level:4

type:child

term:Cell and elements

definition:An anatomical organizational level comprising of a single cell (or a fragment in some exceptions). a cell is defined by its type or function. it is the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.

parent_id:7725

**level:3

type:parent

term:Extracellular

definition:The space external to the outermost structure of a cell.

parent_id:7732

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Extracellular region

term:Process

definition:Biological or chemical events, or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Naturally occurring process

definition:Naturally-occurring molecular events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product.

parent_id:7659

*level:2

type:parent

term:Biological process

definition:Biological or chemical events or a series thereof, leading to a known function or end-product within an organism.

parent_id:7660

**level:3

type:parent

term:Biochemical pathway

definition:A linked series of chemical reactions that occur in a defined order within or between organism cells, and lead to a known function or end product.

parent_id:7661

***level:4

type:parent

term:Role

definition:The purpose or function assumed by a chemical, either naturally or as intended by humans .

parent_id:

level:1

type:parent

term:Biological role

definition:The biological function of a chemical. the biological role answers the question how a chemical is involved in molecular processes in an organism. this can include biochemical effects of non-endogenous chemicals, which are also assigned an industrial application such as pharmaceuticals. the biological role is limited to cellular levls, and will not include role at system process level, such as a chemical which has a role in a disease.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Trace element

definition:A chemical element that occurs in very small amounts in organisms and is essential for many physiological and biochemical processes.В .

parent_id:7672

**level:3

type:child

synonym:Trace mineral

synonym:Essential mineral

term:Industrial application

definition:The assumed function of a chemical utilized by human.

parent_id:7671

*level:2

type:parent

term:Personal care products

definition:Cosmetics and personal hygene products in which a chemical was incorportaed during the manufacturing process.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:child

term:Food and nutrition

definition:A chemical purpose related to manufacturing of food and nutrition products.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Nutritional supplement

definition:

parent_id:7687

***level:4

type:child

synonym:Nutraceutical

synonym:Dietary supplement

term:Pharmaceutical industry

definition:A pharmacologic activity for which a chemical substance is utilized owing to its biological role.

parent_id:7678

**level:3

type:parent

term:Pharmaceutical

definition:

parent_id:7679

***level:4

type:child

状态
Solid
实验性质
1:

kind:water_solubility

value:0.479 mg/mL

source:

2:

kind:logp

value:-2.26

source:HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

3:

kind:melting_point

value:343 °C

source:

预测性质
1:

kind:logp

value:-2.39

source:ALOGPS

2:

kind:logs

value:-1.37

source:ALOGPS

3:

kind:solubility

value:7.67 g/L

source:ALOGPS

4:

kind:logp

value:-1.5

source:ChemAxon

5:

kind:pka_strongest_acidic

value:2

source:ChemAxon

6:

kind:pka_strongest_basic

value:9.19

source:ChemAxon

7:

kind:iupac

value:(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

source:ChemAxon

8:

kind:average_mass

value:181.1885

source:ChemAxon

9:

kind:mono_mass

value:181.073893223

source:ChemAxon

10:

kind:smiles

value:N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O

source:ChemAxon

11:

kind:formula

value:C9H11NO3

source:ChemAxon

12:

kind:inchi

value:InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1

source:ChemAxon

13:

kind:inchikey

value:OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N

source:ChemAxon

14:

kind:polar_surface_area

value:83.55

source:ChemAxon

15:

kind:refractivity

value:47.1

source:ChemAxon

16:

kind:polarizability

value:18.01

source:ChemAxon

17:

kind:rotatable_bond_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

18:

kind:acceptor_count

value:4

source:ChemAxon

19:

kind:donor_count

value:3

source:ChemAxon

20:

kind:physiological_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

21:

kind:formal_charge

value:0

source:ChemAxon

22:

kind:number_of_rings

value:1

source:ChemAxon

23:

kind:bioavailability

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

24:

kind:rule_of_five

value:Yes

source:ChemAxon

25:

kind:ghose_filter

value:No

source:ChemAxon

26:

kind:veber_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

27:

kind:mddr_like_rule

value:No

source:ChemAxon

1:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:974

2:

type:Specdb::NmrTwoD

spectrum_id:1176

3:

type:Specdb::EiMs

spectrum_id:1974

4:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3163

5:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3164

6:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3165

7:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3166

8:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3167

9:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3168

10:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3169

11:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3170

12:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3171

13:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3172

14:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3173

15:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3174

16:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3175

17:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:3190

18:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438476

19:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438477

20:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438478

21:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438479

22:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438480

23:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438802

24:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438803

25:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438804

26:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438835

27:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438836

28:

type:Specdb::MsMs

spectrum_id:438837

29:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1117

30:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:1175

31:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4862

32:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4863

33:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4864

34:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:4865

35:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5912

36:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5913

37:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5914

38:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5915

39:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5916

40:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5917

41:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5918

42:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5919

43:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5920

44:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5921

45:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5922

46:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5923

47:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5924

48:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5925

49:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5926

50:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5927

51:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5928

52:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5929

53:

type:Specdb::NmrOneD

spectrum_id:5930

54:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:383

55:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:384

56:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:385

57:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:386

58:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:387

59:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:388

60:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:1602

61:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:1669

62:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:2619

63:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30212

64:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30317

65:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30318

66:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30319

67:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30614

68:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30740

69:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:30773

70:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31030

71:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:31031

72:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:37328

73:

type:Specdb::CMs

spectrum_id:173009

光谱
生物学性质
1:

cellular:(1):Cytoplasm

cellular:(2):Extracellular

cellular:(3):Mitochondria

2:

biospecimen:(1):Blood

biospecimen:(2):Breast Milk

biospecimen:(3):Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

biospecimen:(4):Feces

biospecimen:(5):Saliva

biospecimen:(6):Sweat

biospecimen:(7):Urine

3:

tissue:(1):All Tissues

tissue:(2):Placenta

tissue:(3):Prostate

4:

[1]:

name:Alkaptonuria

smpdb_id:SMP00169

kegg_map_id:

[2]:

name:Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00170

kegg_map_id:

[3]:

name:Disulfiram Action Pathway

smpdb_id:SMP00429

kegg_map_id:

[4]:

name:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00498

kegg_map_id:

[5]:

name:Hawkinsinuria

smpdb_id:SMP00190

kegg_map_id:

[6]:

name:Monoamine oxidase-a deficiency (MAO-A)

smpdb_id:SMP00533

kegg_map_id:

[7]:

name:Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism

smpdb_id:SMP00008

kegg_map_id:map00360

[8]:

name:Phenylketonuria

smpdb_id:SMP00206

kegg_map_id:

[9]:

name:Thyroid hormone synthesis

smpdb_id:SMP00716

kegg_map_id:

[10]:

name:Transcription/Translation

smpdb_id:SMP00019

kegg_map_id:

[11]:

name:Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency

smpdb_id:SMP00497

kegg_map_id:

[12]:

name:Tyrosine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00350

[13]:

name:Tyrosine metabolism

smpdb_id:

kegg_map_id:map00350

[14]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart syndrome)

smpdb_id:SMP00369

kegg_map_id:

[15]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3)

smpdb_id:SMP00370

kegg_map_id:

[16]:

name:Tyrosinemia Type I

smpdb_id:SMP00218

kegg_map_id:

[17]:

name:Tyrosinemia, transient, of the newborn

smpdb_id:SMP00494

kegg_map_id:

正常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:54.5 +/- 9.7

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:143 +/- 35.3

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:32-124

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:29-135

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (1 - 3 months old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:24-105

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (3 months - 6 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:43-88

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:59.0 (47.0-71.0)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:34-94

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:81.9 (69.8-94)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:

subject_condition:Normal

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:120.0 +/- 100.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:68.0 +/- 10.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:72.0 +/- 15.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:61.0 +/- 13.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:55 - 147

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:55-147

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:46 +/- 8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:65.1 +/- 2.55

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:84.2 (67.5-109)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:

subject_condition:Normal

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:35.0-80.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:61 +/- 13

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:72 +/- 15

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:62.9 +/- 12.2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

25:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:60.8(48.3-71.9)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (1-13 uears old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

26:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:142.0 +/- 4.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

27:

biospecimen:Breast Milk

concentration_value:15.0 +/- 6.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

28:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:10.1 (6.37-13.8)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

29:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:12.0 +/- 9.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

30:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:24.5 +/- 8.9

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

31:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:6.4 +/- 1.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

32:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:9.3 +/- 2.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

33:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:7.9 +/- 3.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

34:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:12.2 +/- 3.8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

35:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:8.0 +/- 1.0

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

36:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:3.9-18.5

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Children (0 - 10 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

37:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:3.9-17

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adolescent (>11 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

38:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

39:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

40:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

41:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

42:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

43:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

44:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:478.323 (294.353-662.294)

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

45:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:1048.632 (588.706-1508.558)

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

46:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:1453.367 (607.103-2299.631)

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

47:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

48:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

49:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

50:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

51:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

52:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

53:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:700 +/- 420

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

54:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

55:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:110 +/- 100

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

56:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

57:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:114.246 +/- 94.322

concentration_units:nmol/g wet feces

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

58:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

59:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

60:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

61:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

62:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

63:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

64:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

65:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

66:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Not Specified

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

67:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:36.17 +/- 15.02

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

68:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:>10

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

69:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:5 (<1-78)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

70:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-77

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

71:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:30 (<1-91)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

72:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:12 (<1-49)

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

73:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:11.1 +/- 7.65

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

74:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

75:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

76:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

77:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

78:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

79:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

80:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

81:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

82:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

83:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

84:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:15.1 +/- 10.3

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

85:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

86:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-127

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:normal

87:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:1-68

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:normal

88:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:13.7 +/- 3.6

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

89:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:12.0 +/- 5.8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

90:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:11.8 +/- 6.2

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

91:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

92:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:39.85 +/- 24.71

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

93:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:12.2 +/- 3.8

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

94:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:70-270

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (60 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

95:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:40

concentration_units:uM

subject_age:Adult (40 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

96:

biospecimen:Sweat

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

97:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:15.1 (6.1-23.2)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

98:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.49-27.71

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

99:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:21.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

100:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.36-23.53

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adolescent (13-18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

101:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

102:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.52-38.66

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

103:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.70-13.0086

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

104:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.3-9.2

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

105:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:9.5 (4.1-23.5)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

106:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.0 +/- 0.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

107:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.9 +/- 0.7

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (1 - 6 months old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

108:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.7 +/- 0.8

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (6 months - <1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

109:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.72

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

110:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:15.0370-168.459

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

111:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.42-77.47

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

112:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

113:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

114:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

115:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:14.588 +/- 10.744

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

116:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:27.35 +/- 13.98

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

117:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7.41 +/- 2.30

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

118:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:8.7 (3.0-20.1)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

119:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.30-54.18

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

120:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6-57

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

121:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:0.72 (0.18-1.38)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

122:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:4.2 +/- 1.85

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

123:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:8.8 +/- 4.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

124:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7.0 +/- 3.0

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

125:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:42.96 +/- 27.13

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

126:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:66.71 +/- 47.49

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

127:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:70.10 +/- 45.22

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

128:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.22 - 67.72

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

129:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:13.79 - 63.88

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (1 - 6 months old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

130:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.1-11.1

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

131:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:12.55 - 66.48

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Infant (6 months - <1 year old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

132:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:15.04 - 59.02

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 2 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

133:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.1-14.81

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

134:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:9.95 - 29.96

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (2 - 4 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

135:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.82 +/- 3.26

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Female

subject_condition:Normal

136:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:6.22 - 42.62

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (4 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

137:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:5.96 +/- 2.98

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

subject_sex:Male

subject_condition:Normal

138:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.36 - 27.70

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adolescent (13 - 21 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

139:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:1.36 - 27.70

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>21 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

140:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:7.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

141:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.9 (2.566-19.1)

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

142:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:2.60-28.73

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1-13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

143:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:24.3893 +/- 10.0806

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

subject_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

subject_sex:Not Specified

subject_condition:Normal

144:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

145:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

subject_age:Adult (>18 years old)

subject_sex:Both

subject_condition:Normal

异常浓度
1:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:91.2 +/- 30.0

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Schizophrenia

2:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:73.0 +/- 20.0

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Schizophrenia

3:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Oesophageal cancer

4:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:82.5 +/- 21.1

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Obesity

5:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:91.7 +/- 19.9

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Obesity

6:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:57.2 +/- 24.4

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Heart Transplant

7:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:56.9 +/- 15.2

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18

8:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:55.82 +/- 19.6

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

9:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:54.1 (15.3)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Early preeclampsia

10:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:58.0 (22.3)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

11:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:50.7 (46.8-54.6)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Epilepsy

12:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:74.0 (71.0-77.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Myocardial infarction

13:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:81.0 (75.9-86.1)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Epilepsy

14:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:90.0 (81.0-99.0)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Viral Infection

15:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:143-246

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Citrullinemia type II, neonatal-onset

16:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

17:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:257

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Fumaric aciduria

18:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:1471.948

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Hereditary tyrosinemia

19:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:>220

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Tyrosinemia I

20:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:108-146

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency

21:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:310-1410

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Tyrosinemia I

22:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:395.1 - 586.7

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Newborn (0-30 days old)

patient_sex:

patient_information:Hawkinsinuria

23:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:48-95

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency

24:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:42.94 (11.38)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect

25:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:45.63 (19.15)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

26:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:65.1 (23.7)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Late-onset preeclampsia

27:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:62.3 (21.7)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

28:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

29:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:57.2 +/- 3.33

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

30:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:143.77 +/- 15.49

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Elderly (>65 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

31:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:61.1(52.0-72.9)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 uears old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Environmental enteric dysfunction

32:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:50.5 (15.4)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Down syndrome pregnancy

33:

biospecimen:Blood

concentration_value:54.1 (20.7)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Pregnancy

34:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:15.3 (10.4-20.2)

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hypothyroidism

35:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:14.2 +/-12.5

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

36:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:13.0 +/- 10.6

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

37:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:12.3 +/- 9.3

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

38:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:9.4 +/- 4.9

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

39:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:8.05 +/- 3.03

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Epilepsy

40:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:27.18 +/- 4.8

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

41:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:13.0 +/- 4.1

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Leukemia

42:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:12.6 +/- 3.3

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Leukemia

43:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:15.3 +/- 4.9

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:hypothyroidism

44:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:15.3 +/- 4.9

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Hypothyroidism

45:

biospecimen:Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

concentration_value:7.8 +/- 1.38

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Schizophrenia

46:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal Cancer

47:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (1-13 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Autism

48:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:CCD

49:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

50:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Ileal Crohn's disease

51:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Crohns disease

52:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

53:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Crohns disease

54:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

55:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Children (6 - 18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Unclassified IBD

56:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

57:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Irritable bowel syndrome

58:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

59:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

60:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Irritable Bowel Syndrome

61:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Crohns disease

62:

biospecimen:Feces

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Ulcerative colitis

63:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Attachment loss 

64:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Missing teeth

65:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Periodontal Probing Depth

66:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:21.64 +/- 9.24

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

67:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Oral cancer

68:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Female

patient_information:Breast cancer

69:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Pancreatic cancer

70:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Periodontal diseases

71:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:25.82 +/- 9.25

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Male

patient_information:Frontotemporal lobe dementia

72:

biospecimen:Saliva

concentration_value:25.05 +/- 8.02

concentration_units:uM

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Lewy body disease

73:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Bladder cancer

74:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:35.150-369

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Infant (0-1 year old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Fumaric aciduria

75:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:16.005 +/- 10.562

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

76:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.5 +/- 1.5

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Alzheimer's disease

77:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:10.72 +/- 4.63

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Cachexia

78:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:

concentration_units:

patient_age:Adult (>18 years old)

patient_sex:Both

patient_information:Colorectal cancer

79:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:20.2606 +/- 11.9167

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Eosinophilic esophagitis

80:

biospecimen:Urine

concentration_value:16.2462 +/- 14.3236

concentration_units:umol/mmol creatinine

patient_age:Children (1 - 13 years old)

patient_sex:Not Specified

patient_information:Gastroesophageal reflux disease

疾病参考
1:

name:Epilepsy

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

[2]:

reference_text:Cady EB, Lorek A, Penrice J, Reynolds EO, Iles RA, Burns SP, Coutts GA, Cowan FM: Detection of propan-1,2-diol in neonatal brain by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 1994 Dec;32(6):764-7.

pubmed_id:7869898

[3]:

reference_text:Perosa SR, Porcionatto MA, Cukiert A, Martins JR, Amado D, Nader HB, Cavalheiro EA, Leite JP, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG: Extracellular matrix components are altered in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2002;43 Suppl 5:159-61.

pubmed_id:12121313

[4]:

reference_text:Spanaki MV, Siegel H, Kopylev L, Fazilat S, Dean A, Liow K, Ben-Menachem E, Gaillard WD, Theodore WH: The effect of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Neurology. 1999 Oct 22;53(7):1518-22.

pubmed_id:10534261

[5]:

reference_text:Rating D, Siemes H, Loscher W: Low CSF GABA concentration in children with febrile convulsions, untreated epilepsy, and meningitis. J Neurol. 1983;230(4):217-25.

pubmed_id:6198481

[6]:

reference_text:Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48.

pubmed_id:1705463

[7]:

reference_text:Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74.

pubmed_id:7126379

[8]:

reference_text:Czarnecka J, Cieslak M, Michal K: Application of solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography to qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Aug 5;822(1-2):85-90.

pubmed_id:15993662

[9]:

reference_text:Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9.

pubmed_id:803305

[10]:

reference_text:Anagnostouli M, Livaniou E, Nyalala JO, Evangelatos G, Zournas C, Ithakissios DS, Papageorgiou C: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of biotin in various neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999 Jun;99(6):387-92.

pubmed_id:10577274

[11]:

reference_text:Romigi A, Bari M, Placidi F, Marciani MG, Malaponti M, Torelli F, Izzi F, Prosperetti C, Zannino S, Corte F, Chiaramonte C, Maccarrone M: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide are reduced in patients with untreated newly diagnosed temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2010 May;51(5):768-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02334.x. Epub 2009 Oct 8.

pubmed_id:19817812

[12]:

reference_text:Hirai K, Seki T: Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin levels in febrile seizures and epilepsy in children. Neuropeptides. 2000 Feb;34(1):18-24.

pubmed_id:10688964

[13]:

reference_text:Peters JG: Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin spinal fluid metabolites in temporal lobe epileptic patients with schizophrenic symptomatology. Eur Neurol. 1979;18(1):15-8.

pubmed_id:436860

2:

name:Myocardial infarction

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006.

pubmed_id:822705

[2]:

reference_text:Mocatta TJ, Pilbrow AP, Cameron VA, Senthilmohan R, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Winterbourn CC: Plasma concentrations of myeloperoxidase predict mortality after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 May 22;49(20):1993-2000. Epub 2007 May 4.

pubmed_id:17512353

[3]:

reference_text:Yada T, Kaji S, Akasaka T, Mochizuki S, Ogasawara Y, Tanemoto K, Yoshida K, Kajiya F: Changes of asymmetric dimethylarginine, nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction by medical treatments. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2007;37(3):269-76.

pubmed_id:17726257

3:

name:Viral infection

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006.

pubmed_id:822705

4:

name:Schizophrenia

omim_id:181500

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pubmed_id:16440420

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pubmed_id:11418788

[3]:

reference_text:Brydon WG, Nyhlin H, Eastwood MA, Merrick MV: Serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and selenohomocholyltaurine (SeHCAT) whole body retention in the assessment of bile acid induced diarrhoea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Feb;8(2):117-23.

pubmed_id:8723414

[4]:

reference_text:Williams HR, Cox IJ, Walker DG, North BV, Patel VM, Marshall SE, Jewell DP, Ghosh S, Thomas HJ, Teare JP, Jakobovits S, Zeki S, Welsh KI, Taylor-Robinson SD, Orchard TR: Characterization of inflammatory bowel disease with urinary metabolic profiling. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;104(6):1435-44. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.175. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

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pubmed_id:23516449

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reference_text:Walton C, Fowler DP, Turner C, Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Cole JA, Cauchi M, Bessant C, Hunter JO: Analysis of volatile organic compounds of bacterial origin in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Sep;19(10):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6.

pubmed_id:23867873

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reference_text:De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):447-58. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423. Epub 2014 May 8.

pubmed_id:24811995

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pubmed_id:25598765

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reference_text:Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

pubmed_id:26806034

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reference_text:Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

pubmed_id:26848182

[12]:

reference_text:Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158.

pubmed_id:27609529

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reference_text:Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9.

pubmed_id:28842642

23:

name:Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Byun JA, Lee SH, Jung BH, Choi MH, Moon MH, Chung BC: Analysis of polyamines as carbamoyl derivatives in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Jan;22(1):73-80.

pubmed_id:17668437

[2]:

reference_text:Zheng YF, Kong HW, Xiong JH, Lv S, Xu GW: Clinical significance and prognostic value of urinary nucleosides in breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem. 2005 Jan;38(1):24-30.

pubmed_id:15607313

[3]:

reference_text:Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, Ljung BM, Bauer DC, Cummings SR, Kuller LH: Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov;14(6):740-4.

pubmed_id:14569192

[4]:

reference_text:Zhang Z, Chen H, Chan KK, Budd T, Ganapathi R: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of perillyl alcohol and metabolites in plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 May 14;728(1):85-95.

pubmed_id:10379660

[5]:

reference_text:Grace PB, Mistry NS, Carter MH, Leathem AJ, Teale P: High throughput quantification of phytoestrogens in human urine and serum using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Jun 15;853(1-2):138-46. Epub 2007 Mar 18.

pubmed_id:17403619

[6]:

reference_text:Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22.

pubmed_id:22284503

[7]:

reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

[8]:

reference_text:Lv W, Yang T: Identification of possible biomarkers for breast cancer from free fatty acid profiles determined by GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Clin Biochem. 2012 Jan;45(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Oct 26.

pubmed_id:22061338

[9]:

reference_text:Nam H, Chung BC, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee D: Combining tissue transcriptomics and urine metabolomics for breast cancer biomarker identification. Bioinformatics. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):3151-7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp558. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

pubmed_id:19783829

[10]:

reference_text:Woo HM, Kim KM, Choi MH, Jung BH, Lee J, Kong G, Nam SJ, Kim S, Bai SW, Chung BC: Mass spectrometry based metabolomic approaches in urinary biomarker study of women's cancers. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Feb;400(1-2):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.014. Epub 2008 Oct 30.

pubmed_id:19010317

24:

name:Pancreatic cancer

omim_id:260350

[1]:

reference_text:Loser C, Folsch UR, Paprotny C, Creutzfeldt W: Polyamine concentrations in pancreatic tissue, serum, and urine of patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 1990 Mar;5(2):119-27.

pubmed_id:2315288

[2]:

reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

[3]:

reference_text:Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19.

pubmed_id:22613268

[4]:

reference_text:OuYang D, Xu J, Huang H, Chen Z: Metabolomic profiling of serum from human pancreatic cancer patients using 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;165(1):148-54. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9240-0. Epub 2011 Apr 20.

pubmed_id:21505807

[5]:

reference_text:Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8.

pubmed_id:25429707

25:

name:Periodontal disease

omim_id:170650

[1]:

reference_text:Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

pubmed_id:20300169

26:

name:Frontotemporal dementia

omim_id:600274

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

27:

name:Lewy body disease

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

pubmed_id:23857558

28:

name:Attachment loss

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

29:

name:Missing teeth

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

30:

name:Periodontal Probing Depth

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

pubmed_id:31026179

31:

name:Cachexia

omim_id:

[1]:

reference_text:Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25.

pubmed_id:18953024

[2]:

reference_text:Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Florea VG, Sharma R, Bolger AP, Davos CH, Coats AJ, Anker SD: Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance. Am Heart J. 2001 May;141(5):792-9.

pubmed_id:11320368

32:

name:Eosinophilic esophagitis

omim_id:610247

[1]:

reference_text:Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart

pubmed_id:

KEGG数据库编号
C00082
DrugBank数据库编号
DB00135
foodb数据库编号
FDB000446
ChemSpider数据库编号
5833
公共化学化合物编号
6057
PDB数据库编号
生物利益的化学实体数据库编号
17895
knapsack数据库编号
C00001397
维基百科编号
Tyrosine
代谢途径的数据库编号
TYR
苯酚资源管理器化合物数据库编号
比格数据库编号
33785
梅林编号
34
虚拟机身份证编号
TYR_L
fbonto数据库编号
综合参考
Enei, Hitoshi; Matsui, Hiroshi; Yamashita, Koichi; Okumura, Shinji; Yamada, Hideaki. Microbiological synthesis of L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine. I. Distribution of tyrosine phenol lyase in microorganisms. Agricultural and Biological Chemist 1972, 36:11, 1861-1868, DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1972.10860505
一般参考
1:

protein_accession:HMDBP00087

name:Tyrosinase

uniprot_id:P14679

gene_name:TYR

protein_type:Unknown

2:

protein_accession:HMDBP00273

name:Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

uniprot_id:P07101

gene_name:TH

protein_type:Enzyme

3:

protein_accession:HMDBP00276

name:Thyroid peroxidase

uniprot_id:P07202

gene_name:TPO

protein_type:Unknown

4:

protein_accession:HMDBP00277

name:Tyrosine aminotransferase

uniprot_id:P17735

gene_name:TAT

protein_type:Enzyme

5:

protein_accession:HMDBP00278

name:Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase

uniprot_id:P20711

gene_name:DDC

protein_type:Enzyme

6:

protein_accession:HMDBP00280

name:Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase

uniprot_id:P00439

gene_name:PAH

protein_type:Enzyme

7:

protein_accession:HMDBP00283

name:Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic

uniprot_id:P17174

gene_name:GOT1

protein_type:Enzyme

8:

protein_accession:HMDBP00284

name:Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:P00505

gene_name:GOT2

protein_type:Enzyme

9:

protein_accession:HMDBP00606

name:Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic

uniprot_id:P54577

gene_name:YARS

protein_type:Enzyme

10:

protein_accession:HMDBP00619

name:Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial

uniprot_id:Q9Y2Z4

gene_name:YARS2

protein_type:Enzyme

11:

protein_accession:HMDBP01112

name:Monocarboxylate transporter 8

uniprot_id:P36021

gene_name:SLC16A2

protein_type:Transporter

12:

protein_accession:HMDBP01450

name:Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1

uniprot_id:P11362

gene_name:FGFR1

protein_type:Enzyme

13:

protein_accession:HMDBP01456

name:Epidermal growth factor receptor

uniprot_id:P00533

gene_name:EGFR

protein_type:Enzyme

14:

protein_accession:HMDBP05340

name:Monocarboxylate transporter 10

uniprot_id:Q8TF71

gene_name:SLC16A10

protein_type:Transporter

15:

protein_accession:HMDBP08281

name:L-amino-acid oxidase

uniprot_id:Q96RQ9

gene_name:IL4I1

protein_type:Unknown

16:

protein_accession:HMDBP08295

name:Iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1

uniprot_id:Q6PHW0

gene_name:IYD

protein_type:Unknown

17:

protein_accession:HMDBP08831

name:Tubulin--tyrosine ligase

uniprot_id:Q8NG68

gene_name:TTL

protein_type:Unknown

蛋白质结合
1:

reference_text:Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.

pubmed_id:19212411

2:

reference_text:Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7.

pubmed_id:12097436

3:

reference_text:Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75.

pubmed_id:6696735

4:

reference_text:Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50.

pubmed_id:12834252

5:

reference_text:Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7.

pubmed_id:9849813

6:

reference_text:Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Sjoberg S, Nordin C: Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996 May-Jun;30(3):201-8.

pubmed_id:8884658

7:

reference_text:Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7.

pubmed_id:6198473

8:

reference_text:Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14.

pubmed_id:15911239

9:

reference_text:Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6.

pubmed_id:12297216

10:

reference_text:Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24.

pubmed_id:14992292

11:

reference_text:Deng C, Shang C, Hu Y, Zhang X: Rapid diagnosis of phenylketonuria and other aminoacidemias by quantitative analysis of amino acids in neonatal blood spots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Jul 25;775(1):115-20.

pubmed_id:12101068

12:

reference_text:Flamen P, Bernheim N, Deron P, Caveliers V, Chavatte K, Franken PR, Bossuyt A: Iodine-123 alpha-methyl-l-tyrosine single-photon emission tomography for the visualization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998 Feb;25(2):177-81.

pubmed_id:9473267

13:

reference_text:Ishiwata K, Tsukada H, Kubota K, Nariai T, Harada N, Kawamura K, Kimura Y, Oda K, Iwata R, Ishii K: Preclinical and clinical evaluation of O-[11C]methyl-L-tyrosine for tumor imaging by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol. 2005 Apr;32(3):253-62.

pubmed_id:15820760

14:

reference_text:Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006.

pubmed_id:822705

15:

reference_text:Molnar GA, Wagner Z, Marko L, Ko Szegi T, Mohas M, Kocsis B, Matus Z, Wagner L, Tamasko M, Mazak I, Laczy B, Nagy J, Wittmann I: Urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion in diabetes mellitus and renal failure: evidence for hydroxyl radical production. Kidney Int. 2005 Nov;68(5):2281-7.

pubmed_id:16221230

16:

reference_text:Molnar GA, Nemes V, Biro Z, Ludany A, Wagner Z, Wittmann I: Accumulation of the hydroxyl free radical markers meta-, ortho-tyrosine and DOPA in cataractous lenses is accompanied by a lower protein and phenylalanine content of the water-soluble phase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Dec;39(12):1359-66.

pubmed_id:16298866

17:

reference_text:Hoffhines AJ, Damoc E, Bridges KG, Leary JA, Moore KL: Detection and purification of tyrosine-sulfated proteins using a novel anti-sulfotyrosine monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37877-87. Epub 2006 Oct 17.

pubmed_id:17046811

18:

reference_text:Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.

pubmed_id:32033212

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